{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T21:27:05Z","timestamp":1774906025838,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,17]],"date-time":"2025-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747440000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,17]],"date-time":"2025-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747440000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001501","name":"University Grants Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["231610055873"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["231610055873"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001501","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Data Sci Anal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s41060-025-00791-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,17]],"date-time":"2025-05-17T00:36:44Z","timestamp":1747442204000},"page":"5653-5677","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A new modularity metric for disjoint and overlapping community structure evaluation in weighted complex networks"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Anjali","family":"Kumari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Abhinav","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pawan","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"791_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1038\/s42254-018-0002-6","volume":"1","author":"G Cimini","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cimini, G., Squartini, T., Saracco, F., Garlaschelli, D., Gabrielli, A., Caldarelli, G.: The statistical physics of real-world networks. Nat. Rev. Phys. 1(1), 58\u201371 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s42254-018-0002-6","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Phys."},{"issue":"3","key":"791_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physrep.2009.11.002","volume":"486","author":"S Fortunato","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fortunato, S.: Community detection in graphs. Phys. Rep. 486(3), 75\u2013174 (2010). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physrep.2009.11.002","journal-title":"Phys. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"791_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2014.2308133","volume":"62","author":"S Yin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yin, S., Li, X., Gao, H., Kaynak, O.: Data-based techniques focused on modern industry: an overview. IEEE Trans. Indus. Electron. 62(1), 657\u2013667 (2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TIE.2014.2308133","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Indus. Electron."},{"key":"791_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physrep.2016.04.005","volume":"635","author":"M Zanin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zanin, M., Papo, D., Sousa, P.A., Menasalvas, E., Nicchi, A., Kubik, E., Boccaletti, S.: Combining complex networks and data mining: Why and how. Phys. Rep. 635, 1\u201344 (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physrep.2016.04.005","journal-title":"Phys. Rep."},{"issue":"2","key":"791_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbz017","volume":"21","author":"X Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li, X., Li, W., Zeng, M., Zheng, R., Li, M.: Network-based methods for predicting essential genes or proteins: a survey. Brief. Bioinf. 21(2), 566\u2013583 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bib\/bbz017","journal-title":"Brief. Bioinf."},{"key":"791_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ahnert, R., Ahnert, S.E., Coleman, C.N., Weingart, S.B.: The Network Turn: Changing Perspectives in the Humanities. Elements in Publishing and Book Culture. Cambridge University Press. (2020) Accessed 08 Mar 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/9781108866804","DOI":"10.1017\/9781108866804"},{"issue":"2","key":"791_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibusrev.2019.101633","volume":"29","author":"Y Kurt","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kurt, Y., Kurt, M.: Social network analysis in international business research: an assessment of the current state of play and future research directions. Int. Bus. Rev. 29(2), 101633 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ibusrev.2019.101633","journal-title":"Int. Bus. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"791_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/1069\/1\/012124","volume":"1069","author":"J Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang, J., Ma, Z., Sun, Q., Yan, J.: Research review on algorithms of community detection in complex networks. J. Phys: Conf. Ser. 1069(1), 012124 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1742-6596\/1069\/1\/012124","journal-title":"J. Phys: Conf. Ser."},{"issue":"11","key":"791_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e00938","volume":"4","author":"OI Abiodun","year":"2018","unstructured":"Abiodun, O.I., Jantan, A., Omolara, A.E., Dada, K.V., Mohamed, N.A., Arshad, H.: State-of-the-art in artificial neural network applications: a survey. Heliyon 4(11), e00938 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e00938","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"791_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65579","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2916648","volume":"7","author":"M Usama","year":"2019","unstructured":"Usama, M., Qadir, J., Raza, A., Arif, H., Yau, K.I.A., Elkhatib, Y., Hussain, A., Al-Fuqaha, A.: Unsupervised machine learning for networking: techniques applications and research challenges. IEEE Access 7, 65579\u201365615 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2916648","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"12","key":"791_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7821","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.122653799","volume":"99","author":"M Girvan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Girvan, M., Newman, M.E.: Community structure in social and biological networks. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 99(12), 7821\u20137826 (2002). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.122653799","journal-title":"Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"791_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1007\/s11424-020-9252-3","volume":"34","author":"P Kumar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kumar, P., Dohare, R.: Formalising and detecting community structures in real world complex networks. J. Syst. Sci. Complex. 34(1), 180\u2013205 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11424-020-9252-3","journal-title":"J. Syst. Sci. Complex."},{"issue":"1","key":"791_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s41060-022-00314-3","volume":"14","author":"P Kumar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kumar, P., Dohare, R.: An interaction-based method for detecting overlapping community structure in real-world networks. Int. J. Data Sci. Anal. 14(1), 27\u201344 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s41060-022-00314-3","journal-title":"Int. J. Data Sci. Anal."},{"issue":"6","key":"791_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1007\/s11704-019-8098-0","volume":"13","author":"P Kumar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kumar, P., Dohare, R.: A neighborhood proximity based algorithm for overlapping community structure detection in weighted networks. Front. Comput. Sci. 13(6), 1353\u20131355 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11704-019-8098-0","journal-title":"Front. Comput. Sci."},{"key":"791_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kumar, P.: A depth-first search approach to detect the community structure of weighted networks using the neighbourhood proximity measure. Int. J. Data Sci. Anal. 1\u201318 (2024) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15427951.2009.10129177","DOI":"10.1080\/15427951.2009.10129177"},{"key":"791_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1007\/s41060-024-00602-0","volume":"18","author":"A Kumar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kumar, A., Kumar, P., Dohare, R.: Pure expansion-based local community detection. Int. J. Data Sci. Anal. 18, 317\u2013335 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s41060-024-00602-0","journal-title":"Int. J. Data Sci. Anal."},{"issue":"4","key":"791_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/2501654.2501657","volume":"43","author":"J Xie","year":"2013","unstructured":"Xie, J., Kelley, S., Szymanski, B.K.: Overlapping community detection in networks: the state-of-the-art and comparative study. ACM Comput. Surv. (CSUR) 43(4), 1\u201335 (2013)","journal-title":"ACM Comput. Surv. (CSUR)"},{"issue":"3","key":"791_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1002\/widm.1178","volume":"6","author":"P Bedi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bedi, P., Sharma, C.: Community detection in social networks. WIREs Data Min. Knowl. Discov. 6(3), 115\u2013135 (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/widm.1178","journal-title":"WIREs Data Min. Knowl. Discov."},{"key":"791_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yu, G., Jiao, Y., Dehmer, M., Emmert-Streib, F.: Community detection in directed networks based on network embeddings. Chaos, Solitons & Fract. 189, 115630 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chaos.2024.115630","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chaos.2024.115630"},{"issue":"11","key":"791_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2916","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2014.2370031","volume":"26","author":"Z Lu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lu, Z., Sun, X., Wen, Y., Cao, G., Porta, T.L.: Algorithms and applications for community detection in weighted networks. IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst. 26(11), 2916\u20132926 (2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TPDS.2014.2370031","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst."},{"key":"791_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Osaba, E., Del Ser, J., Camacho, D., Galvez, A., Iglesias, A., Fister, I., Fister, I.: Community detection in weighted directed networks using nature-inspired heuristics. In: Yin, H., Camacho, D., Novais, P., Tall\u00f3n-Ballesteros, A.J. (eds.) Intelligent Data Engineering and Automated Learning\u2014IDEAL 2018, pp. 325\u2013335. Springer, Cham (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-03496-2_36","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-03496-2_36"},{"issue":"3","key":"791_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1002\/wics.1347","volume":"7","author":"S Ranshous","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ranshous, S., Shen, S., Koutra, D., Harenberg, S., Faloutsos, C., Samatova, N.F.: Anomaly detection in dynamic networks: a survey. WIREs Comput. Stat. 7(3), 223\u2013247 (2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/wics.1347","journal-title":"WIREs Comput. Stat."},{"issue":"2","key":"791_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1145\/3172867","volume":"51","author":"G Rossetti","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rossetti, G., Cazabet, R.: Community discovery in dynamic networks: a survey. ACM Comput. Surv. 51(2), 35\u201313537 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3172867","journal-title":"ACM Comput. Surv."},{"issue":"4","key":"791_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3091106","volume":"54","author":"T Chakraborty","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chakraborty, T., Dalmia, A., Mukherjee, A., Ganguly, N.: Metrics for community analysis: a survey. ACM Comput. Surv. (CSUR) 54(4), 1\u201337 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3091106","journal-title":"ACM Comput. Surv. (CSUR)"},{"issue":"5","key":"791_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1111\/ede.12390","volume":"23","author":"ML Zelditch","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zelditch, M.L., Goswami, A.: What does modularity mean? Evol. Dev. 23(5), 377\u2013403 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ede.12390","journal-title":"Evol. Dev."},{"key":"791_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physrep.2016.09.002","volume":"659","author":"S Fortunato","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fortunato, S., Hric, D.: Community detection in networks: a user guide. Phys. Rep. 659, 1\u201344 (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physrep.2016.09.002","journal-title":"Phys. Rep."},{"key":"791_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yang, J., Leskovec, J.: Defining and evaluating network communities based on ground-truth. In: Proceedings of the ACM SIGKDD Workshop on Mining Data Semantics. MDS \u201912, pp. 1\u20138. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA (2012). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2350190.2350193","DOI":"10.1145\/2350190.2350193"},{"issue":"9","key":"791_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2658","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0400054101","volume":"101","author":"F Radicchi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Radicchi, F., Castellano, C., Cecconi, F., Loreto, V., Parisi, D.: Defining and identifying communities in networks. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 101(9), 2658\u20132663 (2004). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0400054101","journal-title":"Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"8","key":"791_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1109\/34.868688","volume":"22","author":"J Shi","year":"2000","unstructured":"Shi, J., Malik, J.: Normalized cuts and image segmentation. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 22(8), 888\u2013905 (2000). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/34.868688","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"issue":"2","key":"791_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.69.026113","volume":"69","author":"MEJ Newman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Newman, M.E.J., Girvan, M.: Finding and evaluating community structure in networks. Phys. Rev. E 69(2), 026113 (2004). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevE.69.026113","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. E"},{"issue":"1","key":"791_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0605965104","volume":"104","author":"S Fortunato","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fortunato, S., Barthelemy, M.: Resolution limit in community detection. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 104(1), 36\u201341 (2007). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0605965104","journal-title":"Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"791_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Good, B.H., De Montjoye, Y.-A., Clauset, A.: Performance of modularity maximization in practical contexts. Phys. Rev. E-Stat. Nonlinear Soft Matter Phys. 81(4), 046106 (2010). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevE.81.046106","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.81.046106"},{"issue":"1","key":"791_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/nws.2019.59","volume":"8","author":"VL Dao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dao, V.L., Bothorel, C., Lenca, P.: Community structure: a comparative evaluation of community detection methods. Netw. Sci. 8(1), 1\u201341 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/nws.2019.59","journal-title":"Netw. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"791_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1515\/9781400841356.38","volume":"5","author":"P Erdos","year":"1960","unstructured":"Erdos, P., R\u00e9nyi, A., et al.: On the evolution of random graphs. Publ. Math. Inst. Hung. Acad. Sci 5(1), 17\u201360 (1960). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/9781400841356.38","journal-title":"Publ. Math. Inst. Hung. Acad. Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"791_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-0509-4-S2-S10","volume":"4","author":"S Zhang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhang, S., Ning, X.-M., Ding, C., Zhang, X.-S.: Determining modular organization of protein interaction networks by maximizing modularity density. BMC Syst. Biol. 4(2), 10 (2010). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1752-0509-4-S2-S10","journal-title":"BMC Syst. Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"791_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0147805","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0147805","volume":"11","author":"A Miyauchi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Miyauchi, A., Kawase, Y.: Z-score-based modularity for community detection in networks. PLoS ONE 11(1), 0147805 (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0147805","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"791_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1080\/15427951.2009.10129177","volume":"6","author":"J Leskovec","year":"2009","unstructured":"Leskovec, J., Lang, K.J., Dasgupta, A., Mahoney, M.W.: Community structure in large networks: natural cluster sizes and the absence of large well-defined clusters. Internet Math. 6(1), 29\u2013123 (2009). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15427951.2009.10129177","journal-title":"Internet Math."},{"key":"791_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Flake, G.W., Lawrence, S., Giles, C.L.: Efficient identification of web communities. In: Proceedings of the Sixth ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data mining, pp. 150\u2013160 (2000). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/347090.347121","DOI":"10.1145\/347090.347121"},{"key":"791_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Orman, G.K., Labatut, V., Cherifi, H.: Comparative evaluation of community detection algorithms: a topological approach. J. Stat. Mech.: Theory Exp. 08, 08001 (2012). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1742-5468\/2012\/08\/P08001","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-5468\/2012\/08\/P08001"},{"issue":"3","key":"791_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1367-2630\/11\/3\/033015","volume":"11","author":"A Lancichinetti","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lancichinetti, A., Fortunato, S., Kert\u00e9sz, J.: Detecting the overlapping and hierarchical community structure in complex networks. New J. Phys. 11(3), 033015 (2009). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1367-2630\/11\/3\/033015","journal-title":"New J. Phys."},{"key":"791_CR41","unstructured":"McDaid, A.F., Greene, D., Hurley, N.: Normalized mutual information to evaluate overlapping community finding algorithms. arXiv preprint arXiv:1110.2515 (2011)"},{"key":"791_CR42","unstructured":"Murray, G., Carenini, G., Ng, R.: Using the Omega Index for Evaluating Abstractive Community Detection. In: Conroy, J.M., Dang, H.T., Nenkova, A., Owczarzak, K. (eds.) Proceedings of Workshop on Evaluation Metrics and System Comparison for Automatic Summarization, pp. 10\u201318. Association for Computational Linguistics, Montr\u00e9al, Canada. https:\/\/aclanthology.org\/W12-2602\/. (2012) Accessed 11 Apr 2025"},{"key":"791_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01908075","volume":"2","author":"L Hubert","year":"1985","unstructured":"Hubert, L., Arabie, P.: Comparing partitions. J. Classif. 2, 193\u2013218 (1985). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01908075","journal-title":"J. Classif."},{"key":"791_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lancichinetti, A., Fortunato, S., Radicchi, F.: Benchmark graphs for testing community detection algorithms. Phys. Rev. E-Stat. Nonlinear Soft Matter Phys. 78(4), 046110 (2008). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevE.78.046110","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.78.046110"},{"issue":"4","key":"791_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1086\/jar.33.4.3629752","volume":"33","author":"WW Zachary","year":"1977","unstructured":"Zachary, W.W.: An information flow model for conflict and fission in small groups. J. Anthropol. Res. 33(4), 452\u2013473 (1977). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/jar.33.4.3629752","journal-title":"J. Anthropol. Res."},{"key":"791_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lusseau, D.: The emergent properties of a dolphin social network. Proc. Royal. Soc. London. Series B: Biolog. Sci. 270(suppl-2), 186\u2013188 (2003). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsbl.2003.0057","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2003.0057"},{"issue":"23","key":"791_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8577","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0601602103","volume":"103","author":"ME Newman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Newman, M.E.: Modularity and community structure in networks. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 103(23), 8577\u20138582 (2006). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0601602103","journal-title":"Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"791_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0706851105","volume":"105","author":"M Rosvall","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rosvall, M., Bergstrom, C.T.: Maps of random walks on complex networks reveal community structure. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 105(4), 1118\u20131123 (2008). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0706851105","journal-title":"Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"791_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s13278-024-01257-2","volume":"14","author":"A Kumar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kumar, A., Kumar, P., Dohare, R.: Revisiting neighbourhood proximity based algorithm for overlapping community detection in weighted networks. Soc. Netw. Anal. Min. 14(1), 105 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13278-024-01257-2","journal-title":"Soc. Netw. Anal. Min."},{"key":"791_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Blondel, V.D., Guillaume, J.-L., Lambiotte, R., Lefebvre, E.: Fast unfolding of communities in large networks. J. Stat. Mech.: Theory Exp. 10, 10008 (2008). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1742-5468\/2008\/10\/P10008","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-5468\/2008\/10\/P10008"},{"key":"791_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Adamic, L.A., Glance, N.: The political blogosphere and the 2004 U.S. election: divided they blog. In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Link Discovery. LinkKDD \u201905, pp. 36\u201343. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1134271.1134277. (2005) Accessed Mar 05 2025","DOI":"10.1145\/1134271.1134277"},{"issue":"3","key":"791_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.74.036104","volume":"74","author":"MEJ Newman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Newman, M.E.J.: Finding community structure in networks using the eigenvectors of matrices. Phys. Rev. E 74(3), 036104 (2006). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevE.74.036104","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. E"},{"key":"791_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2021.12.015","volume":"153","author":"S Gopalakrishnan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gopalakrishnan, S., Sridharan, S., Nayak, S.R., Nayak, J., Venkataraman, S.: Central hubs prediction for bio networks by directed hypergraph - GA with validation to COVID-19 PPI. Pattern Recog. Lett. 153, 246\u2013253 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.patrec.2021.12.015","journal-title":"Pattern Recog. Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"791_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/2898361","volume":"8","author":"J Leskovec","year":"2016","unstructured":"Leskovec, J., Sosi\u010d, R.: SNAP: A general-purpose network analysis and graph-mining library. ACM Trans. Intell. Syst. Technol. 8(1), 1\u20131120 (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2898361","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Intell. Syst. Technol."},{"issue":"2","key":"791_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.98.2.404","volume":"98","author":"MEJ Newman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Newman, M.E.J.: The structure of scientific collaboration networks. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 98(2), 404\u2013409 (2001). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.98.2.404","journal-title":"Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"791_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rossi, R., Ahmed, N.: (2015) The network data repository with interactive graph analytics and visualization. Proc. AAAI Conf. Artif.Intell. 29(1) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1609\/aaai.v29i1.9277","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v29i1.9277"},{"key":"791_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cho, E., Myers, S.A., Leskovec, J.: Friendship and mobility: user movement in location-based social networks. In: Proceedings of the 17th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data mining. KDD \u201911, pp. 1082\u20131090. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA (2011). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2020408.2020579. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2020408.2020579 Accessed 03 March 2025","DOI":"10.1145\/2020408.2020579"},{"issue":"1","key":"791_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s41109-019-0165-9","volume":"4","author":"G Rossetti","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rossetti, G., Milli, L., Cazabet, R.: CDLIB: a python library to extract, compare and evaluate communities from complex networks. Appl. Netw. Sci. 4(1), 1\u201326 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s41109-019-0165-9","journal-title":"Appl. Netw. Sci."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Data Science and Analytics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s41060-025-00791-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s41060-025-00791-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s41060-025-00791-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T12:18:35Z","timestamp":1758975515000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s41060-025-00791-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,17]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["791"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s41060-025-00791-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["2364-415X","2364-4168"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2364-415X","type":"print"},{"value":"2364-4168","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 October 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 April 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 May 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}