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Dormancy is defined as a weaker form of \u201cimmunity,\u201d where dormant nodes no longer actively participate in diffusion, but are still susceptible to infection. The proposed model extends the literature on threshold models, and demonstrates intricate interdependencies between different graph structures. Our simulations show that first, the faster contagion induces branching on the slower contagion; second, shorter characteristic path lengths diminish the impact of dormancy in lowering diffusion. Third, when two long-range graphs are paired, the faster contagion depends on both dormancy rates, whereas the slower contagion depends only on its own; fourth, synergistic contagions are less sensitive to dormancy, and have a wider window to diffuse. Furthermore, when long-range and spatially constrained graphs are paired, ring vaccination occurs on the spatial graph and produces partial diffusion, due to dormant, surrounding nodes. The spatial contagion depends on both dormancy rates whereas the long-range contagion depends on only its own.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s41109-019-0176-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,23]],"date-time":"2019-09-23T13:02:41Z","timestamp":1569243761000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Co-contagion diffusion on multilayer networks"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0056-2527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ho-Chun Herbert","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"176_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2721","DOI":"10.3233\/JIFS-169112","volume":"31","author":"MA Al-Garadi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Al-Garadi, MA, Varathan KD, Ravana SD, Ahmed E, Chang V (2016) Identifying the influential spreaders in multilayer interactions of online social networks. 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