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In particular, we consider tweets with hashtags #imwithher and #crookedhillary, both relating to Hillary Clinton\u2019s presidential bid in 2016. We then analyze the network properties in conjunction with the word scores by comparing with null models to separate the effects of the network structure and the score distribution. Neutral words are found to be dominant and most words, regardless of polarity, tend to co-occur with neutral words. We do not observe any score homophily among positive and negative words. However, when we perform network backboning, community detection results in word groupings with meaningful narratives, and the happiness scores of the words in each group correspond to its respective theme. Thus, although we observe no clear relationship between happiness scores and co-occurrence at the node or edge level, a community-centric approach can isolate themes of competing sentiments in a corpus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s41109-022-00446-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,14]],"date-time":"2022-02-14T13:41:43Z","timestamp":1644846103000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Sentiment and structure in word co-occurrence networks on Twitter"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8960-9116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikaela Irene","family":"Fudolig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Thayer","family":"Alshaabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Michael V.","family":"Arnold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Christopher M.","family":"Danforth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Peter Sheridan","family":"Dodds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7307","key":"446_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09182","volume":"466","author":"Y-Y Ahn","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ahn Y-Y, Bagrow JP, Lehmann S (2010) Link communities reveal multiscale complexity in networks. 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