{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T01:55:25Z","timestamp":1780624525710,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]],"date-time":"2024-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732838400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]],"date-time":"2024-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001774","name":"University of Sydney","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001774","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Healthc Inform Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p> Effective management of chronic low back pain (LBP) often relies on maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Mobile health (mHealth) applications provide a unique opportunity to support LBP sufferers by integrating evidence-based health education into daily routines. However, many existing mHealth apps lack scientific rigour in their development, limiting their impact. This study reports on developing and usability testing My Back Exercise, an mHealth app designed to support individuals managing chronic LBP through a user-centred, theory-based approach. The development followed the Double Diamond framework and Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) model, focusing on behaviour change theory to promote healthy lifestyle habits. Usability testing involved ten users and employed the System Usability Scale (SUS) and Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS) to assess engagement, functionality, aesthetics, and information quality. Additionally, a think-aloud approach captured real-time feedback and guided iterative improvements. Results showed that the app was well-received, achieving a SUS mean score of 79 (total score of 100) and a MARS mean score of 3.7 (out of 5.0). Key intervention components included exercises, sleep management, diet, and pain education, contributing to a holistic self-management tool. This study provides a transparent roadmap for the development of evidence-based digital health tools. The My Back Exercise app offers an innovative, holistic approach to help people self-manage chronic LBP using evidence-based methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s41666-024-00179-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]],"date-time":"2024-11-29T19:15:56Z","timestamp":1732907756000},"page":"67-87","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["\u201cMy Back Exercise App\u201d\u2014mHealth for Low Back Pain: Development and Usability Testing"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3286-6998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josielli","family":"Comachio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1900-5795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos Ivan","family":"Mesa-Castrillon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3986-6111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula R.","family":"Beckenkamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0017-0803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katharine","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2479-0081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma Kwan-Yee","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1724-0321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rowena","family":"Field","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8689-6594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel K.","family":"Nelligan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3479-0683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela L.","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4982-5639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kim L.","family":"Bennell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2698-4864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Gordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5861-7770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"179_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e316","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(23)00098-X","volume":"5","author":"GBDLBP Collaborators","year":"2023","unstructured":"Collaborators GBDLBP (2023) Global, regional, and national burden of low back pain, 1990\u20132020, its attributable risk factors, and projections to 2050: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet Rheumatol 5(6):e316\u2013e329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2665-9913(23)00098-X","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"179_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e064119","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-064119","volume":"13","author":"F Fatoye","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fatoye F, Gebrye T, Mbada CE, Useh U (2023) Clinical and economic burden of low back pain in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review. BMJ Open 13(4):e064119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-064119","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"12","key":"179_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e83559","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0083559","volume":"8","author":"ER Kirby","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kirby ER, Broom AF, Sibbritt DW, Refshauge KM, Adams J (2013) Health care utilisation and out-of-pocket expenditure associated with back pain: a nationally representative survey of Australian women. PLoS One 8(12):e83559. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0083559","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"179_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.1551","volume":"24","author":"CK Overas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Overas CK, Villumsen M, Axen I, Cabrita M, Leboeuf-Yde C, Hartvigsen J et al (2020) Association between objectively measured physical behaviour and neck- and\/or low back pain: a systematic review. Eur J Pain 24(6):1007\u20131022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ejp.1551","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"issue":"10159","key":"179_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32279-7","volume":"392","author":"GBD Disease I Injury C Prevalence","year":"2018","unstructured":"GBD Disease I Injury C Prevalence (2018) Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990\u20132017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet 392(10159):1789\u2013858. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32279-7","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10137","key":"179_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2356","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30480-X","volume":"391","author":"J Hartvigsen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hartvigsen J, Hancock MJ, Kongsted A, Louw Q, Ferreira ML, Genevay S et al (2018) What low back pain is and why we need to pay attention. Lancet 391(10137):2356\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30480-X","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"179_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e985","DOI":"10.1097\/PR9.0000000000000985","volume":"7","author":"TE Andersen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Andersen TE, Karstoft KI, Lauridsen HH, Manniche C (2022) Trajectories of disability in low back pain. Pain Rep 7(1):e985. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PR9.0000000000000985","journal-title":"Pain Rep"},{"key":"179_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Coombs DM, Machado GC, Richards B, Wilson R, Chan J, Storey H et al (2021) Healthcare costs due to low back pain in the emergency department and inpatient setting in Sydney. Australia. Lancet Reg Health West Pac 7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2020.100089","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2020.100089"},{"issue":"9","key":"179_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2019-101436","volume":"55","author":"TF de Campos","year":"2021","unstructured":"de Campos TF, Maher CG, Fuller JT, Steffens D, Attwell S, Hancock MJ (2021) Prevention strategies to reduce future impact of low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med 55(9):468. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2019-101436","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"179_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e37869","DOI":"10.2196\/37869","volume":"24","author":"PP Valentijn","year":"2022","unstructured":"Valentijn PP, Tymchenko L, Jacobson T, Kromann J, Biermann CW, AlMoslemany MA et al (2022) Digital health interventions for musculoskeletal pain conditions: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Med Internet Res 24(9):e37869. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/37869","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"179_CR11","unstructured":"Agency ADH. \u2018Transforming the health and wellbeing of Australians through digital health: National Digital Health Strategy\u2019 https:\/\/www.digitalhealth.gov.au\/about-us\/strategies-and-plans\/national-digital-health-strategy-and-framework-for-action2023 ["},{"issue":"8","key":"179_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e39682","DOI":"10.2196\/39682","volume":"10","author":"A Rintala","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rintala A, Rantalainen R, Kaksonen A, Luomajoki H, Kauranen K (2022) mHealth apps for low back pain self-management: scoping review. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 10(8):e39682. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/39682","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"issue":"6","key":"179_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2017.04.002","volume":"30","author":"GC Machado","year":"2016","unstructured":"Machado GC, Pinheiro MB, Lee H, Ahmed OH, Hendrick P, Williams C et al (2016) Smartphone apps for the self-management of low back pain: a systematic review. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 30(6):1098\u2013109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.berh.2017.04.002","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"179_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2021.4097","volume":"181","author":"LF Sandal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sandal LF, Bach K, Overas CK, Svendsen MJ, Dalager T, Stejnicher Drongstrup Jensen J et al (2021) Effectiveness of app-delivered, tailored self-management support for adults with lower back pain-related disability: a selfBACK randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med 181(10):1288\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamainternmed.2021.4097","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"179_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tzortziou Brown V, Underwood M, Mohamed N, Westwood O, Morrissey D. 2016 Professional interventions for general practitioners on the management of musculoskeletal conditions. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016 (5) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD007495.pub2.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007495.pub2"},{"key":"179_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2016.02.002","volume":"60","author":"R Schnall","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schnall R, Rojas M, Bakken S, Brown W, Carballo-Dieguez A, Carry M et al (2016) A user-centered model for designing consumer mobile health (mHealth) applications (apps). J Biomed Inform 60:243\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbi.2016.02.002","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"key":"179_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rau P-L, Plocher T, Choong Y-Y. Cross-cultural design for IT products and services. Boca Raton ed. Raton B, editor 2013 2013.","DOI":"10.1201\/b12679"},{"key":"179_CR18","unstructured":"Council D. opinion\/what-framework-innovation-design-councils-evolved-double- diamond https:\/\/www.designcouncil.org.uk\/news2020 ["},{"key":"179_CR19","unstructured":"Ehrler F, Lovis C, Blondon K. 2016 Addressing the complexity of mobile app design in hospital setting with a tailored software development life cycle model. Stud Health Technol Inform 228"},{"issue":"22","key":"179_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1632","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097810","volume":"51","author":"K O'Sullivan","year":"2017","unstructured":"O\u2019Sullivan K, O\u2019Keeffe M, O\u2019Sullivan P (2017) NICE low back pain guidelines: opportunities and obstacles to change practice. Br J Sports Med 51(22):1632. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097810","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"10137","key":"179_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2368","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30489-6","volume":"391","author":"NE Foster","year":"2018","unstructured":"Foster NE, Anema JR, Cherkin D, Chou R, Cohen SP, Gross DP et al (2018) Prevention and treatment of low back pain: evidence, challenges, and promising directions. Lancet 391(10137):2368\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30489-6","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"179_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ho EK, Chen L, Simic M, Ashton-James CE, Comachio J, Wang DXM, et al. 2022 Psychological interventions for chronic, non-specific low back pain: systematic review with network meta-analysis. BMJ 376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj-2021-067718.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2021-067718"},{"issue":"2","key":"179_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2015.7431","volume":"176","author":"D Steffens","year":"2016","unstructured":"Steffens D, Maher CG, Pereira LS, Stevens ML, Oliveira VC, Chapple M et al (2016) Prevention of low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Intern Med 176(2):199\u2013208. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamainternmed.2015.7431","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"179_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.06.388","volume":"23","author":"KE Roberts","year":"2023","unstructured":"Roberts KE, Beckenkamp PR, Ferreira ML, Ho EK, Carvalho ESAP, Calais-Ferreira L et al (2023) The impact of aggregate positive lifestyle behaviors on low back pain resilience and care seeking. Spine J 23(10):1405\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.06.388","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"issue":"1","key":"179_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-022-00780-2","volume":"21","author":"Y Pasdar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pasdar Y, Hamzeh B, Karimi S, Moradi S, Cheshmeh S, Shamsi MB et al (2022) Major dietary patterns in relation to chronic low back pain; a cross-sectional study from RaNCD cohort. Nutr J 21(1):28. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12937-022-00780-2","journal-title":"Nutr J"},{"issue":"1","key":"179_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-019-2454-y","volume":"20","author":"AB Amorim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Amorim AB, Pappas E, Simic M, Ferreira ML, Jennings M, Tiedemann A et al (2019) Integrating mobile-health, health coaching, and physical activity to reduce the burden of chronic low back pain trial (IMPACT): a pilot randomised controlled trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 20(1):1\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12891-019-2454-y","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"179_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.25272","author":"CI Mesa-Castrillon","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mesa-Castrillon CI, Simic M, Ferreira ML, Bennell KL, Luscombe GM, Gater K et al (2023) Effectiveness of an eHealth-delivered program to EMpower People with musculoskeletal pain in Rural Australia (EMPoweR): a randomised controlled trial. Arthritis Care Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acr.25272","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"179_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arrct.2021.100128","volume":"3","author":"CG Fritsch","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fritsch CG, Ferreira PH, Prior JL, Vesentini G, Schlotfeldt P, Eyles J et al (2021) TEXT4myBACK - the development process of a self-management intervention delivered via text message for low back pain. Arch Rehabil Res Clin Transl 3(2):100128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arrct.2021.100128","journal-title":"Arch Rehabil Res Clin Transl"},{"key":"179_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"982175","DOI":"10.3389\/fresc.2022.982175","volume":"3","author":"MJ Shayo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shayo MJ, Shayo P, Haukila KF, Norman K, Burke C, Ngowi K et al (2022) Expanding access to rehabilitation using mobile health to address musculoskeletal pain and disability. Front Rehabil Sci 3:982175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fresc.2022.982175","journal-title":"Front Rehabil Sci"},{"key":"179_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nelligan RK, Hinman RS, Kasza J, Bennell KL. 2019 Effectiveness of internet-delivered education and home exercise supported by behaviour change SMS on pain and function for people with knee osteoarthritis: a randomised controlled trial protocol. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 20(1) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12891-019-2714-x","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-019-2714-x"},{"issue":"6","key":"179_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2021.0991","volume":"181","author":"RK Nelligan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nelligan RK, Hinman RS, Kasza J, Crofts SJC, Bennell KL (2021) Effects of a self-directed web-based strengthening exercise and physical activity program supported by automated text messages for people with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med 181(6):776\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamainternmed.2021.0991","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"179_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e18860","DOI":"10.2196\/18860","volume":"7","author":"RK Nelligan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nelligan RK, Hinman RS, Teo PL, Bennell KL (2020) Exploring attitudes and experiences of people with knee osteoarthritis toward a self-directed eHealth intervention to support exercise: qualitative study. JMIR Rehabil Assist Technol 7(2):e18860. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/18860","journal-title":"JMIR Rehabil Assist Technol"},{"key":"179_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e53262","DOI":"10.2196\/53262","volume":"12","author":"T Zhou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhou T, Salman D, McGregor A (2024) mHealth apps for the self-management of low back pain: systematic search in app stores and content analysis. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 12:e53262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/53262","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"issue":"18","key":"179_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2128","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199709150-00012","volume":"22","author":"MW van Tulder","year":"1997","unstructured":"van Tulder MW, Koes BW, Bouter LM (1997) Conservative treatment of acute and chronic nonspecific low back pain. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials of the most common interventions. Spine 22(18):2128\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00007632-199709150-00012","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"179_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hayden JA, van Tulder MW, Malmivaara A, Koes BW. 2005 Exercise therapy for treatment of non-specific low back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005(3) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD000335.pub2.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000335.pub2"},{"key":"179_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2024.01.003","author":"J Comachio","year":"2024","unstructured":"Comachio J, Ferreira ML, Mork PJ, Holtermann A, Ho EK, Wang DXM et al (2024) Clinical guidelines are silent on the recommendation of physical activity and exercise therapy for low back pain: a systematic review. J Sci Med Sport. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsams.2024.01.003","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"key":"179_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Castrillon CIM, Beckenkamp PR, Ferreira ML, Michell JA, de Aguiar Mendes VA, Luscombe GM, et al. 2020 Are people in the bush really physically active? A systematic review and meta-analysis of physical activity and sedentary behaviour in rural Australians populations. J Glob Health;10(1) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7189\/jogh.10.010410.","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.10.010410"},{"issue":"2","key":"179_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnab278","volume":"23","author":"R Field","year":"2022","unstructured":"Field R, Pourkazemi F, Rooney K (2022) Effects of a low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet on reported pain, blood biomarkers and quality of life in patients with chronic pain: a pilot randomized clinical trial. Pain Med 23(2):326\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/pm\/pnab278","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"179_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101672","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2022.101672","volume":"65","author":"JM Puterflam","year":"2022","unstructured":"Puterflam JM, Comis JJ, Lan Q, Liu C, Lipschitz AJ, Grunstein RR et al (2022) The short-term effects of opioid and non-opioid pharmacotherapies on sleep in people with chronic low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Sleep Med Rev 65:101672. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.smrv.2022.101672","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"179_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-015-0545-y","volume":"16","author":"E Dean","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dean E, Soderlund A (2015) What is the role of lifestyle behaviour change associated with non-communicable disease risk in managing musculoskeletal health conditions with special reference to chronic pain? BMC Musculoskelet Disord 16:1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12891-015-0545-y","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"179_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphys.2017.02.012","volume":"63","author":"TF de Campos","year":"2017","unstructured":"de Campos TF (2017) Low back pain and sciatica in over 16s: assessment and management NICE guideline [NG59]. J Physiother 63(2):120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jphys.2017.02.012","journal-title":"J Physiother"},{"issue":"7","key":"179_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"pzab100","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/pzab100","volume":"101","author":"CG Fritsch","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fritsch CG, Ferreira PH, Prior JL, Clavisi O, Chow CK, Redfern J et al (2021) TEXT4myBACK: a text message intervention to improve function in people with low back pain-protocol of a randomized controlled trial. Phys Ther 101(7):pzab100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ptj\/pzab100","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"179_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e40645","DOI":"10.2196\/40645","volume":"7","author":"J Ayre","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ayre J, Bonner C, Muscat DM, Dunn AG, Harrison E, Dalmazzo J et al (2023) Multiple automated health literacy assessments of written health information: development of the SHeLL (Sydney Health Literacy Lab) health literacy editor v1. JMIR Form Res 7:e40645. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/40645","journal-title":"JMIR Form Res"},{"issue":"24","key":"179_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2020-102955","volume":"54","author":"FC Bull","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bull FC, Al-Ansari SS, Biddle S, Borodulin K, Buman MP, Cardon G et al (2020) World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Br J Sports Med 54(24):1451\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2020-102955","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"179_CR45","volume-title":"WHO guideline for non-surgical management of chronic primary low back pain in adults in primary and community care settings","author":"WH Organisation","year":"2023","unstructured":"Organisation WH (2023) WHO guideline for non-surgical management of chronic primary low back pain in adults in primary and community care settings. WHO Guidelines Approved by the Guidelines Review Committee, Geneva"},{"issue":"2","key":"179_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1080\/17512433.2019.1565992","volume":"12","author":"M Schreijenberg","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schreijenberg M, Koes BW, Lin CC (2019) Guideline recommendations on the pharmacological management of non-specific low back pain in primary care - is there a need to change? Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 12(2):145\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17512433.2019.1565992","journal-title":"Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"179_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/72.4.279","volume":"72","author":"I Lindstrom","year":"1992","unstructured":"Lindstrom I, Ohlund C, Eek C, Wallin L, Peterson LE, Fordyce WE et al (1992) The effect of graded activity on patients with subacute low back pain: a randomized prospective clinical study with an operant-conditioning behavioral approach. Phys Ther 72(4):279\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ptj\/72.4.279","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"179_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.explore.2007.12.007","volume":"4","author":"MJ Kreitzer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kreitzer MJ, Sierpina VS, Lawson K (2008) Health coaching: innovative education and clinical programs emerging. Explore 4(2):154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.explore.2007.12.007","journal-title":"Explore"},{"key":"179_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"(2000) Back to Fitness programme: the manual for physiotherapists to set up the classes. Physiotherapy 86:295\u2013305. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0031-9406(05)61003-6","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9406(05)61003-6"},{"issue":"6","key":"179_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckt198","volume":"24","author":"PJ Mork","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mork PJ, Vik KL, Moe B, Lier R, Bardal EM, Nilsen TI (2014) Sleep problems, exercise and obesity and risk of chronic musculoskeletal pain: the Norwegian HUNT study. Eur J Public Health 24(6):924. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurpub\/ckt198","journal-title":"Eur J Public Health"},{"key":"179_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsae023","author":"S Silva","year":"2024","unstructured":"Silva S, Hayden JA, Mendes G, Verhagen A, Pinto RZ, Silva A (2024) Sleep as a prognostic factor in low back pain: a systematic review of prospective cohort studies and secondary analyses of randomized controlled trials. Sleep. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/sleep\/zsae023","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"9","key":"179_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e3182359e77","volume":"73","author":"M Jackowska","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jackowska M, Dockray S, Hendrickx H, Steptoe A (2011) Psychosocial factors and sleep efficiency: discrepancies between subjective and objective evaluations of sleep. Psychosom Med 73(9):810\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PSY.0b013e3182359e77","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"179_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2015.10.004","volume":"30","author":"R Zachariae","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zachariae R, Lyby MS, Ritterband LM, O\u2019Toole MS (2016) Efficacy of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia - a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Sleep Med Rev 30:1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.smrv.2015.10.004","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"issue":"19","key":"179_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5950","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11195950","volume":"11","author":"O Elma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Elma O, Brain K, Dong HJ (2022) The importance of nutrition as a lifestyle factor in chronic pain management: a narrative review. J Clin Med 11(19):5950. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm11195950","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"179_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnaa378","volume":"22","author":"R Field","year":"2021","unstructured":"Field R, Pourkazemi F, Turton J, Rooney K (2021) Dietary interventions are beneficial for patients with chronic pain: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Pain Med 22(3):694\u2013714. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/pm\/pnaa378","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"179_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1002\/pmrj.12346","volume":"12","author":"O Elma","year":"2020","unstructured":"Elma O, Yilmaz ST, Deliens T, Clarys P, Nijs J, Coppieters I et al (2020) Chronic musculoskeletal pain and nutrition: where are we and where are we heading? PM R 12(12):1268\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pmrj.12346","journal-title":"PM R"},{"issue":"1","key":"179_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-022-05391-w","volume":"23","author":"LH Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen LH, Weber K, Mehrabkhani S, Baskaran S, Abbass T, Macedo LG (2022) The effectiveness of weight loss programs for low back pain: a systematic review. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 23(1):488. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12891-022-05391-w","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"179_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqw072","volume":"23","author":"FM Shorthouse","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shorthouse FM, Roffi V, Tack C (2016) Effectiveness of educational materials to prevent occupational low back pain. Occup Med (Lond) 23:488. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/occmed\/kqw072","journal-title":"Occup Med (Lond)"},{"issue":"8","key":"179_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-098070","volume":"52","author":"C Foster","year":"2018","unstructured":"Foster C, Shilton T, Westerman L, Varney J, Bull F (2018) World Health Organisation to develop global action plan to promote physical activity: time for action. Br J Sports Med 52(8):484. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2017-098070","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"10374","key":"179_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00107-1","volume":"401","author":"L Paakkari","year":"2023","unstructured":"Paakkari L, Balch-Crystal E, Manu M, Ruotsalainen J, Salminen J, Ulvinen E et al (2023) Health-literacy education drives empowerment and agency. Lancet 401(10374):343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00107-1","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"179_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e41011","DOI":"10.2196\/41011","volume":"7","author":"KM Lenoir","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lenoir KM, Sandberg JC, Miller DP, Wells BJ (2023) Patient perspectives on a targeted text messaging campaign to encourage screening for diabetes: qualitative study. JMIR Form Res 7:e41011. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/41011","journal-title":"JMIR Form Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"179_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1111\/cpsp.12154","volume":"23","author":"AR Lyon","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lyon AR, Koerner K (2016) User-centered design for psychosocial intervention development and implementation. Clin Psychol (New York) 23(2):180. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cpsp.12154","journal-title":"Clin Psychol (New York)"},{"key":"179_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2017.06.003","volume":"106","author":"S Richardson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Richardson S, Mishuris R, O\u2019Connell A, Feldstein D, Hess R, Smith P et al (2017) \u201cThink aloud\u201d and \u201cNear live\u201d usability testing of two complex clinical decision support tools. Int J Med Inform 106:1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2017.06.003","journal-title":"Int J Med Inform"},{"key":"179_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Terhorst Y, Philippi P, Sander LB, Schultchen D, Paganini S, Bardus M et al (2020) Validation of the Mobile Application Rating Scale (MARS). PLoS One 15(11). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0241480","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0241480"},{"issue":"1","key":"179_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1758198","volume":"33","author":"WH Cheah","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cheah WH, Mat Jusoh N, Aung MMT, Ab Ghani A, Rebuan Mohd Amin, H. (2023) Mobile technology in medicine: development and validation of an adapted System Usability Scale (SUS) questionnaire and modified technology acceptance model (TAM) to evaluate user experience and acceptability of a mobile application in MRI safety screening. Indian J Radiol Imaging 33(1):36\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0042-1758198","journal-title":"Indian J Radiol Imaging"},{"key":"179_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2019.03.018","volume":"126","author":"I Maramba","year":"2019","unstructured":"Maramba I, Chatterjee A, Newman C (2019) Methods of usability testing in the development of eHealth applications: a scoping review. Int J Med Inform 126:95\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2019.03.018","journal-title":"Int J Med Inform"}],"container-title":["Journal of Healthcare Informatics Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s41666-024-00179-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s41666-024-00179-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s41666-024-00179-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]],"date-time":"2025-01-30T16:34:13Z","timestamp":1738254853000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s41666-024-00179-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["179"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s41666-024-00179-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["2509-4971","2509-498X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2509-4971","type":"print"},{"value":"2509-498X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 April 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 October 2024","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 November 2024","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 November 2024","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the University of Sydney Human Research Ethics Committee (2023\/772).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}]}}