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We use a realistic detector simulation including simulated beam backgrounds and focus on the reconstruction of both isolated and overlapping photons. We find significant improvements of the energy resolution compared to the currently used reconstruction algorithm for both isolated and overlapping photons of more than 30% for photons with energies<jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$E_{\\gamma }&lt;0.5\\,\\mathrm {\\,Ge\\hspace{-1.00006pt}V}$$<\/jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>E<\/mml:mi><mml:mi>\u03b3<\/mml:mi><\/mml:msub><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.5<\/mml:mn><mml:mspace\/><mml:mrow><mml:mspace\/><mml:mi>Ge<\/mml:mi><mml:mspace\/><mml:mi>V<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>and high levels of beam backgrounds. Overall, the GNN reconstruction improves the resolution and reduces the tails of the reconstructed energy distribution and therefore is a promising option for the upcoming high luminosity running of Belle\u00a0II.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s41781-023-00105-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]],"date-time":"2023-12-15T15:02:31Z","timestamp":1702652551000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Photon Reconstruction in the Belle\u00a0II Calorimeter Using Graph Neural Networks"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6475-0834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F.","family":"Wemmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0962-6344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I.","family":"Haide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8368-3721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.","family":"Eppelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6849-0427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T.","family":"Ferber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9438-089X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Beaubien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2270-9673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P.","family":"Branchini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2518-7134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Campajola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2192-8233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.","family":"Cecchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8472-5727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P.","family":"Cheema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2047-9675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G.","family":"De Nardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6568-0252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.","family":"Hearty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7011-5044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Kuzmin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8124-8969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Longo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9826-7947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E.","family":"Manoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6088-0412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F.","family":"Meier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7082-8108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Merola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4352-734X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K.","family":"Miyabayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2184-7510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Moneta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6975-1724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Remnev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7802-4617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. 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