{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T10:08:10Z","timestamp":1744711690974,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]],"date-time":"2022-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642032000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]],"date-time":"2022-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642032000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000271","name":"science and technology facilities council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ST\/P006760\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ST\/P006760\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000271","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Universitat de Valencia"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Comput Soc Sc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this paper we illustrate the use of Data Science techniques to analyse complex human communication. In particular, we consider tweets from leaders of political parties as a dynamical proxy to political programmes and ideas. We also study the temporal evolution of their contents as a reaction to specific events. We analyse levels of positive and negative sentiment in the tweets using new tools adapted to social media. We also train a Fully-Connected Neural Network (FCNN) to recognise the political affiliation of a tweet. The FCNN is able to predict the origin of the tweet with a precision in the range of 71\u201375%, and the political leaning (left or right) with a precision of around 90%. This study is meant to be viewed as an example of how to use Twitter data and different types of Data Science tools for a political analysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s42001-021-00157-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]],"date-time":"2022-01-13T08:03:31Z","timestamp":1642061011000},"page":"987-1000","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Exploring the political pulse of a country using data science tools"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Miguel G.","family":"Folgado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8864-2507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronica","family":"Sanz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"157_CR1","unstructured":"The INE webpage provides historical data on employment. https:\/\/www.ine.es. Accessed 20 Nov 2020."},{"key":"157_CR2","unstructured":"Governmental page with electoral results from 1976: http:\/\/www.infoelectoral.mir.es\/. The names of separatist parties can be found in for example this link https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_political_parties_in_Spain under those with the word separatism in their description. Accessed 20 Nov 2020."},{"issue":"6507","key":"157_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaz8170","volume":"369","author":"DM Lazer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lazer, D. M., Pentland, A., Watts, D. J., Aral, S., Athey, S., Contractor, N., et al. (2020). Computational social science: Obstacles and opportunities. Science, 369(6507), 1060\u20131062.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6507","key":"157_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaz8170","volume":"369","author":"DMJ Lazer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lazer, D. M. J., Pentland, A., Watts, D. J., Aral, S., Athey, S., Contractor, N., et al. (2020). Computational social science: Obstacles and opportunities. Science, 369(6507), 1060\u20131062.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"7866","key":"157_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03659-0","volume":"595","author":"JM Hofman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hofman, J. M., Watts, D. J., Athey, S., Garip, F., Griffiths, T. L., Kleinberg, J., et al. (2021). Integrating explanation and prediction in computational social science. Nature, 595(7866), 181\u2013188.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"157_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1007\/s11135-020-01037-y","volume":"55","author":"F Di Giovanni","year":"2021","unstructured":"Di Giovanni, F., & Santurro, M. (2021). Machine learning, artificial neural networks and social research. Quality and Quantity, 55(3), 1007\u20131025.","journal-title":"Quality and Quantity"},{"issue":"1","key":"157_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/socsci10010001","volume":"10","author":"RF Forradellas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Forradellas, R. F., Reier, S. L., Alonso, N., Jorge-Vazquez, J., & Rodriguez, M. L. (2020). Applied machine learning in social sciences: Neural networks and crime prediction. Social Sciences, 10(1), 1.","journal-title":"Social Sciences"},{"key":"157_CR8","unstructured":"The official Twitter API. http:\/\/www.tweepy.org. Accessed 20 Nov 2020."},{"key":"157_CR9","unstructured":"See details in the webpage in Python. https:\/\/pypi.org\/project\/GetOldTweets3. Accessed 20 Nov 2020."},{"key":"157_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"See e.g. Zhou, Z., Guan, H., Bhat, M.M., & Hsu, J., (2019). Fake news detection via NLP is vulnerable to adversarial attacks. arXiv preprint. arXiv:1901.09657.","DOI":"10.5220\/0007566307940800"},{"key":"157_CR11","unstructured":"See e.g. Ghosh, S., Vinyals, O., Strope, B., Roy, S., Dean, T., & Heck, L., (2016). Contextual lstm (clstm) models for large scale nlp tasks. arXiv preprint. arXiv:1602.06291."},{"key":"157_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"See e.g. Kamath, U., Liu, J., & Whitaker, J., (2019). Deep learning for nlp and speech recognition (Vol. 84). Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-14596-5"},{"key":"157_CR13","unstructured":"See e.g. Goodman, D., & Zhonghou, L., (2020). FastWordBug: A fast method to generate adversarial text against NLP applications. arXiv preprint. arXiv:2002.00760."},{"key":"157_CR14","unstructured":"Hutto, C.J., & Gilbert, E.E. (2014). VADER: A Parsimonious rule-based model for sentiment analysis of social media Text. In: Eighth international conference on weblogs and social media (ICWSM-14). Ann Arbor, MI, June 2014."},{"key":"157_CR15","unstructured":"See the API provided by Google Translate. https:\/\/pypi.org\/project\/translate\/. Accessed 20 Nov 2020."}],"container-title":["Journal of Computational Social Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s42001-021-00157-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s42001-021-00157-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s42001-021-00157-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]],"date-time":"2022-05-17T18:17:24Z","timestamp":1652811444000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s42001-021-00157-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"alternative-id":["157"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s42001-021-00157-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["2432-2717","2432-2725"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2432-2717"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2432-2725"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 July 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 December 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 January 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}