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Nowadays, a relevant portion of this informational exchange occurs on social media platforms. In this study, we use the digital footprint of three independent earthquakes to analyze their communication dynamics. We find empirical evidence of a stage model previously proposed by Pennebaker (Pennebaker in Handbook of mental control, Prentice-Hall Inc., Hoboken, 1993) in the aftermath of the earthquakes. In addition, we further explore the role of emotions within the model stages through time using natural language processing tools. Our results show that emotions with low activation levels, such as interest and sadness, are expressed in higher proportions and are the most useful for predicting the expression of emotions with higher activation levels. Employing newly available computational methods like digital trace data, natural language processing, clustering, and causal analysis, this study extends Pennebaker\u2019s model from offline to online social communication.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s42001-023-00218-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]],"date-time":"2023-07-24T11:02:26Z","timestamp":1690196546000},"page":"973-999","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Temporal communication dynamics in the aftermath of large-scale upheavals: do digital footprints reveal a stage model?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5978-6672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo M.","family":"Flores","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0809-6361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Hilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"218_CR1","first-page":"200","volume-title":"Handbook of mental control","author":"JW Pennebaker","year":"1993","unstructured":"Pennebaker, J. 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