{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T12:49:53Z","timestamp":1765370993211,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759017600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759017600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Iran J Comput Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s42044-025-00326-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T05:59:29Z","timestamp":1759039169000},"page":"2497-2512","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Edge resource scaling in B5G\/6G networks using diffractive deep sparse graph attention neural network with orchard algorithm"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Ganga Ramakoteswara","family":"Rao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"L. R.","family":"Priya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ranjith Kumar","family":"Rupani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Zala Dharmendrasinh","family":"Dashrathsinh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"326_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165892","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3135315","volume":"9","author":"HT Nguyen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nguyen, H.T., Van Do, T., Rotter, C.: Scaling upf instances in 5g\/6g core with deep reinforcement learning. IEEE Access. 9, 165892\u2013165906 (2021)","journal-title":"IEEE Access."},{"issue":"5","key":"326_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.011.2000644","volume":"35","author":"W Guan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Guan, W., Zhang, H., Leung, V.C.: Customized slicing for 6G: enforcing artificial intelligence on resource management. IEEE Netw. 35(5), 264\u2013271 (2021)","journal-title":"IEEE Netw."},{"issue":"3","key":"326_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3527","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2021.3066625","volume":"18","author":"H Sami","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sami, H., Otrok, H., Bentahar, J., Mourad, A.: AI-based resource provisioning of IoE services in 6G: a deep reinforcement learning approach. IEEE Trans. Netw. Serv. Manag. 18(3), 3527\u20133540 (2021)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Netw. Serv. Manag."},{"issue":"3","key":"326_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.010.2100509","volume":"37","author":"VL Nguyen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nguyen, V.L., Hwang, R.H., Lin, P.C., Vyas, A., Nguyen, V.T.: Toward the age of intelligent vehicular networks for connected and autonomous vehicles in 6G. IEEE Netw. 37(3), 44\u201351 (2022)","journal-title":"IEEE Netw."},{"key":"326_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96602","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3205341","volume":"10","author":"Q Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li, Q., Ding, Z., Tong, X., Wu, G., Stojanovski, S., Luetzenkirchen, T., Kolekar, A., Bangolae, S., Palat, S.: 6G cloud-native system: vision, challenges, architecture framework and enabling technologies. IEEE Access. 10, 96602\u201396625 (2022)","journal-title":"IEEE Access."},{"issue":"1","key":"326_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1352985","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/1352985","volume":"2022","author":"H Alsulami","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alsulami, H., Serbaya, S.H., Abualsauod, E.H., Othman, A.M., Rizwan, A., Jalali, A.: A federated deep learning empowered resource management method to optimize 5G and 6G quality of services (QoS). Wirel. Commun. Mobile Comput. 2022(1), 1352985 (2022)","journal-title":"Wirel. Commun. Mobile Comput."},{"issue":"7","key":"326_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7801","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2023.3338602","volume":"23","author":"U Habiba","year":"2023","unstructured":"Habiba, U., Maghsudi, S., Hossain, E.: A repeated auction model for load-aware dynamic resource allocation in multi-access edge computing. IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput. 23(7), 7801\u20137817 (2023)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput."},{"issue":"5","key":"326_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.3103\/S0735272723050047","volume":"66","author":"MS Alam","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alam, M.S., Siddiqui, S.T., Qidwai, K.A., Aftab, A., Kamal, M.S., Shahi, F.I.: Evolution of wireless communication networks from 5G to 6G: future perspective. Radioelectron. Commun. Syst. 66(5), 213\u2013222 (2023)","journal-title":"Radioelectron. Commun. Syst."},{"key":"326_CR9","volume-title":"IEEE open journal of the communications society","author":"S Islam","year":"2024","unstructured":"Islam, S., Atallah, Z.A., Budati, A.K., Hasan, M.K., Kolandaisamy, R., Nurhizam, S.: Mobile networks toward 5G\/6G: network architecture opportunities and challenges in smart city. In: IEEE open journal of the communications society. IEEE, Geneva (2024)"},{"issue":"8","key":"326_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2455","DOI":"10.3390\/s24082455","volume":"24","author":"G Gkagkas","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gkagkas, G., Vergados, D.J., Michalas, A., Dossis, M.: The advantage of the 5G network for enhancing the internet of things and the evolution of the 6G network. Sensors. 24(8), 2455 (2024)","journal-title":"Sensors."},{"issue":"6","key":"326_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1888","DOI":"10.3390\/s24061888","volume":"24","author":"R Chataut","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chataut, R., Nankya, M., Akl, R.: 6G networks and the AI revolution\u2014exploring technologies, applications, and emerging challenges. Sensors. 24(6), 1888 (2024)","journal-title":"Sensors."},{"key":"326_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1109\/IWCMC61514.2024.10592587","volume-title":"2024 International wireless communications and mobile computing (IWCMC)","author":"A Bouroudi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bouroudi, A., Outtagarts, A., Hadjadj-Aoul, Y.: Multi-domain scaling algorithm with inter-orchestrator communication for beyond 5G\/6G networks. In: 2024 International wireless communications and mobile computing (IWCMC), pp. 1054\u20131061. IEEE, Geneva (2024)"},{"key":"326_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icte.2024.08.007","author":"M Ergen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ergen, M., Saoud, B., Shayea, I., El-Saleh, A.A., Ergen, O., Inan, F., Tuysuz, M.F.: Edge computing in future wireless networks: a comprehensive evaluation and vision for 6G and beyond. ICT Express (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.icte.2024.08.007","journal-title":"ICT Express"},{"key":"326_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCOMS.2024.3349465","volume":"5","author":"M Zawish","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zawish, M., Dharejo, F.A., Khowaja, S.A., Raza, S., Davy, S., Dev, K., Bellavista, P.: AI and 6G into the metaverse: fundamentals, challenges and future research trends. IEEE Open J. Commun. Soc. 5, 730\u2013778 (2024)","journal-title":"IEEE Open J. Commun. Soc."},{"issue":"9","key":"326_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.3390\/math13091540","volume":"13","author":"AM Alwakeel","year":"2025","unstructured":"Alwakeel, A.M.: Synergistic integration of edge computing and 6G networks for real-time IoT applications. Mathematics. 13(9), 1540 (2025)","journal-title":"Mathematics."},{"issue":"14","key":"326_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20400","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-024-06238-y","volume":"80","author":"R Dangi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dangi, R., Lalwani, P.: Optimizing network slicing in 6G networks through a hybrid deep learning strategy. J. Supercomput. 80(14), 20400\u201320420 (2024)","journal-title":"J. Supercomput."},{"key":"326_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sangeetha, E., Deny J.: Proactive delay aware self-scheduling Protocol (PDAS2P) for edge enabled network slicing in 6G networks. Int. J. Intell. Eng. Syst. 17(6), 43 (2024)","DOI":"10.22266\/ijies2024.1231.05"},{"key":"326_CR18","volume-title":"IEEE Internet of things journal","author":"X Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen, X., Yi, B., Li, Q., Zhu, F., Nian, Y., Shankar, A., Nappi, M., Tolba, A.: Deep customized network slicing and efficient routing for IoT applications in B5G-enabled edge computing networks. In: IEEE Internet of things journal. IEEE, Geneva (2024)"},{"issue":"3","key":"326_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.021.2200589","volume":"31","author":"J Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang, J., Li, Y., Liu, J., Kato, N.: Intelligent network slicing for B5G and 6G: resource allocation, service provisioning, and security. IEEE Wirel. Commun. 31(3), 271\u2013277 (2024)","journal-title":"IEEE Wirel. Commun."},{"key":"326_CR20","volume-title":"IEEE transactions on network and service management","author":"T Bose","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bose, T., Chatur, N., Baberwal, S., Adhya, A.: Caching and computing resource allocation in cooperative heterogeneous 5G edge networks using deep reinforcement learning. In: IEEE transactions on network and service management. IEEE, Geneva (2024)"},{"issue":"1","key":"326_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/ntw2.70002","volume":"14","author":"AA Abba Ari","year":"2025","unstructured":"Abba Ari, A.A., Samafou, F., Ndam Njoya, A., Djedouboum, A.C., Aboubakar, M., Mohamadou, A.: IoT-5G and B5G\/6G resource allocation and network slicing orchestration using learning algorithms. IET Networks 14(1), e70002 (2025)","journal-title":"IET Networks"},{"key":"326_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2025.3532365","author":"T Giannakas","year":"2025","unstructured":"Giannakas, T., Tsilimantos, D., Destounis, A., Spyropoulos, T.: Fast edge resource scaling with distributed DNN. IEEE Trans. Netw. Serv. Manag. (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TNSM.2025.3532365","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Netw. Serv. Manag."},{"key":"326_CR23","volume-title":"IEEE transactions on fuzzy systems","author":"A Kumar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kumar, A., Prasad, P.S.: Scalable feature subset selection with fuzzy rough sets and fuzzy min-max neural network in hybrid decision system. In: IEEE transactions on fuzzy systems. IEEE, Geneva (2024)"},{"key":"326_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2024.123253","volume":"246","author":"J Gao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gao, J., Zhang, Y., Geng, X., Tang, H., Bhatti, U.A.: PE-transformer: path enhanced transformer for improving underwater object detection. Expert Syst. Appl. 246, 123253 (2024)","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"issue":"10","key":"326_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eng.2020.07.032","volume":"7","author":"H Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen, H., Feng, J., Jiang, M., Wang, Y., Lin, J., Tan, J., Jin, P.: Diffractive deep neural networks at visible wavelengths. Eng. 7(10), 1483\u20131491 (2021)","journal-title":"Eng."},{"issue":"1","key":"326_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2021.3072345","volume":"35","author":"Y Ye","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ye, Y., Ji, S.: Sparse graph attention networks. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 35(1), 905\u2013916 (2021)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng."},{"key":"326_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matcom.2022.12.027","volume":"208","author":"M Kaveh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kaveh, M., Mesgari, M.S., Saeidian, B.: Orchard algorithm (OA): a new meta-heuristic algorithm for solving discrete and continuous optimization problems. Math. Comput. Simul 208, 95\u2013135 (2023)","journal-title":"Math. Comput. Simul"}],"container-title":["Iran Journal of Computer Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s42044-025-00326-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s42044-025-00326-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s42044-025-00326-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T09:08:42Z","timestamp":1765357722000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s42044-025-00326-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["326"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s42044-025-00326-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2520-8438","2520-8446"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2520-8438"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2520-8446"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 August 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 September 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"All the authors involved have agreed to participate in this submitted article.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"All the authors involved in this manuscript give full consent for publication of this submitted article.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to publish"}}]}}