{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T07:20:26Z","timestamp":1783063226725,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783036800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019725","name":"Deanship of Scientific Research, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Quantum Mach. Intell."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s42484-026-00416-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T06:57:44Z","timestamp":1783061864000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effective content-based image retrieval in deep reinforcement learning and quantum approach"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Mohemmed","family":"Sha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9683-2175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adel","family":"Binbusayyis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"416_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28506","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3259737","volume":"11","author":"MA Aboali","year":"2023","unstructured":"Aboali MA, Elmaddah I, Abdelmunim HE (2023) Neural textual features composition for CBIR. IEEE Access 11:28506\u201328521","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"3","key":"416_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1752","DOI":"10.3390\/app12031752","volume":"12","author":"H Alshowaish","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alshowaish H, Al-Ohali Y, Al-Nafjan AJAS (2022) Trademark image similarity detection using convolutional neural network. Appl Deep Learn Artificial Intell Methods 12(3):1752. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/app12031752","journal-title":"Appl Deep Learn Artificial Intell Methods"},{"key":"416_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5815\/ijigsp.2019.01.05","author":"N Arora","year":"2019","unstructured":"Arora N, Ashok A, Tiwari S (2019) Efficient image retrieval through hybrid feature set and neural network. Int J Image Graph Signal Process. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5815\/ijigsp.2019.01.05","journal-title":"Int J Image Graph Signal Process"},{"issue":"19","key":"416_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29379","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-023-14406-0","volume":"82","author":"N Arora","year":"2023","unstructured":"Arora N, Sharma SC (2023) The practical applications of HLBP texture descriptor. Multimed Tools Appl 82(19):29379\u201329404","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"key":"416_CR5","first-page":"57","volume-title":"International Conference on Machine Learning, Advances in Computing, Renewable Energy and Communication","author":"N Arora","year":"2023","unstructured":"Arora N, Sharma SC (2023) Resource-efficient image retrieval: a study of local patterns versus deep learning models. International Conference on Machine Learning, Advances in Computing, Renewable Energy and Communication. Springer, pp 57\u201366"},{"issue":"28","key":"416_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70637","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-024-18311-y","volume":"83","author":"N Arora","year":"2024","unstructured":"Arora N, Sharma SC (2024) A comparative study on facial image retrieval using local patterns. Multimed Tools Appl 83(28):70637\u201370692","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"issue":"4","key":"416_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9817","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-023-15832-w","volume":"83","author":"N Arora","year":"2024","unstructured":"Arora N, Sharma SC (2024) ETLBP and ERDLBP descriptors for efficient facial image retrieval in CBIR systems. Multimed Tools Appl 83(4):9817\u20139851","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"key":"416_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arora N, Sharma P, Kumar P, Sharma SC (2021) RTLBP-AN efficient local pattern for facial images retrieval. In: ICASSP 2024\u20132024 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), IEEE, pp 3525\u20133529","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP48485.2024.10446190"},{"key":"416_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3515455","author":"M Arslan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Arslan M, Asad M, Khan AH, Iqbal S, Asghar MN, Alaulamie AA (2024) Deep image synthesis, analysis and indexing using integrated CNN architectures. IEEE Access. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3515455","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"416_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2025.3542807","author":"S Balasubramani","year":"2025","unstructured":"Balasubramani S, Renjith P, Kavisankar L, Rajavel R, Malarvel M, Shankar A (2025) A quantum-enhanced artificial neural network model for efficient medical image compression. IEEE Access. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2025.3542807","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"3","key":"416_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4039","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-021-11698-y","volume":"81","author":"S Chavda","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chavda S, Goyani M (2022) Robust image retrieval using CCV, GCH, and MS-LBP descriptors. Multimed Tools Appl 81(3):4039\u20134072. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-021-11698-y","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"key":"416_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2024.3489957","author":"L Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen L et al (2024) Efficient and secure content-based image retrieval in cloud-assisted internet of things. IEEE Internet Things J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/JIOT.2024.3489957","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J"},{"issue":"5","key":"416_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8193","DOI":"10.3233\/JIFS-223449","volume":"44","author":"IT Chughtai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chughtai IT et al (2023) Content-based image retrieval via transfer learning. J Intell Fuzzy Syst 44(5):8193\u20138218. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JIFS-223449","journal-title":"J Intell Fuzzy Syst"},{"key":"416_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bhatnagar S, Kumari S, Dominic V (2022) Content based image retrieval using data mining techniques. In: 2022 2nd International Conference on Advance Computing and Innovative Technologies in Engineering (ICACITE), IEEE, pp 95\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICACITE53722.2022.9823609","DOI":"10.1109\/ICACITE53722.2022.9823609"},{"key":"416_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sam Chandra Bose A, Singh L, Qamar S, Uma S, Puspha Annabel LS, Singla S (2024) Content-based image retrieval by classification with reinforcement optimisation evolutionary machine learning with applications. J Exp Theor Artif Intell: 1\u201321","DOI":"10.1080\/0952813X.2024.2383652"},{"key":"416_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dedeepya P, Chiranjeevi P, Narasimha V, Shariff V, Ranjith J, Ramesh JVN (2023) Image recognition and similarity retrieval with convolutional neural networks. In: 2023 2nd International Conference on Automation, Computing and Renewable Systems (ICACRS), IEEE, pp 709\u2013716. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICACRS58579.2023.10404664","DOI":"10.1109\/ICACRS58579.2023.10404664"},{"key":"416_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anandan I, Ravi LP (2024) Deep Quantum Learning. Quantum Machine Learning. Chapman and Hall\/CRC, pp 219\u2013246","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003429654-14"},{"issue":"8","key":"416_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3266","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2020.3035775","volume":"31","author":"X Dong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dong X, Liu L, Zhu L, Cheng Z, Zhang H (2020) Unsupervised deep K-means hashing for efficient image retrieval and clustering. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Video Technol 31(8):3266\u20133277. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TCSVT.2020.3035775","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Video Technol"},{"key":"416_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3406018","author":"R Fernandes","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fernandes R, Pessoa A, Salgado M, De Paiva A, Pacal I, Cunha A (2024) Enhancing image annotation with object tracking and image retrieval: a systematic review. IEEE Access. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3406018","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"9","key":"416_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5448","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2023.3238640","volume":"53","author":"V Frants","year":"2023","unstructured":"Frants V, Agaian S, Panetta K (2023) QCNN-H: single-image dehazing using quaternion neural networks. IEEE Trans Cybern 53(9):5448\u20135458. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TCYB.2023.3238640","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Cybern"},{"key":"416_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90526","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3307464","volume":"11","author":"K Gasmi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gasmi K, Aouadi H, Torjmen M (2023) Link-driven study to enhance text-based image retrieval: implicit links versus explicit links. IEEE Access 11:90526\u201390537. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3307464","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"2","key":"416_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.33168\/JSMS.2022.0226","volume":"12","author":"MS Ghaleb","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ghaleb MS, Ebied HM, Shedeed HA, Tolba MFJJSMS (2022) Image retrieval based on deep learning. Syst Manag Sci 12(2):477\u2013496. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33168\/JSMS.2022.0226","journal-title":"Syst Manag Sci"},{"key":"416_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/TQE.2022.3213474","volume":"3","author":"M Grossi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Grossi M et al (2022) Mixed quantum\u2013classical method for fraud detection with quantum feature selection. IEEE Trans Quantum Eng 3:1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TQE.2022.3213474","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Quantum Eng"},{"issue":"1","key":"416_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4129","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-30575-2","volume":"13","author":"ME Haque","year":"2023","unstructured":"Haque ME, Paul M, Ulhaq A, Debnath T (2023) Advanced quantum image representation and compression using a DCT-EFRQI approach. Sci Rep 13(1):4129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-30575-2","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"416_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93238","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3310245","volume":"11","author":"S Iqbal","year":"2023","unstructured":"Iqbal S, Qureshi AN, Alhussein M, Choudhry IA, Aurangzeb K, Khan TM (2023) Fusion of textural and visual information for medical image modality retrieval using deep learning-based feature engineering. IEEE Access 11:93238\u201393253. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3310245","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"416_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29768","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3367430","volume":"12","author":"I Issaoui","year":"2024","unstructured":"Issaoui I, Alohali MA, Mtouaa W, Alotaibi FA, Mahmud A, Assiri M (2024) Archimedes optimization algorithm with deep learning assisted content-based image retrieval in healthcare sector. IEEE Access 12:29768\u201329777. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3367430","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"15","key":"416_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-025-07939-8","volume":"81","author":"V Jain","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jain V, Arora N, Gupta A (2025) Quantum-assisted cardiac diseases diagnosis and prediction using ECG images: Vibha Jain et al. J Supercomput 81(15):1439","journal-title":"J Supercomput"},{"key":"416_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12720\/jait.13.3.240-248","author":"MM Kabir","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kabir MM, Ishraq A, Nur K, Mridha MF (2022) Content-based image retrieval using AutoEmbedder. J Adv Inf Technol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12720\/jait.13.3.240-248","journal-title":"J Adv Inf Technol"},{"issue":"2","key":"416_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"023003","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JEI.31.2.023003","volume":"31","author":"M Kale","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kale M, Mukhopadhyay S (2022) Efficient color image retrieval method using deep stacked sparse autoencoder. Electron Imaging 31(2):023003\u2013023003. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1117\/1.JEI.31.2.023003","journal-title":"Electron Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"416_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7552","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-90616-w","volume":"15","author":"K Kanwal","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kanwal K et al (2025) Efficient CNN architecture with image sensing and algorithmic channeling for dataset harmonization. Sci Rep 15(1):7552","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"17","key":"416_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26911","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-021-10530-x","volume":"80","author":"UA Khan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Khan UA, Javed A, Ashraf RJMT (2021) An effective hybrid framework for content based image retrieval (CBIR). Multimed Tools Appl 80(17):26911\u201326937. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-021-10530-x","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"key":"416_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77452","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3298216","volume":"11","author":"GVM Kumar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kumar GVM, Madhavi D (2023) Stacked Siamese Neural Network (SSiNN) on neural codes for content-based image retrieval. IEEE Access 11:77452\u201377463. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3298216","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"416_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2020.07.139","volume":"452","author":"X Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li X, Yang J, Ma J (2021) Recent developments of content-based image retrieval (CBIR). Neurocomputing 452:675\u2013689. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neucom.2020.07.139","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"416_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2025.3546416","author":"J Liang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liang J, Li P, Liu Z, He H (2025) Privacy-preserving clustering-based image retrieval in cloud-assisted internet of things. IEEE Internet Things J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/JIOT.2025.3546416","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J"},{"key":"416_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107293","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3209825","volume":"10","author":"SV Mahadevkar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mahadevkar SV et al (2022) A review on machine learning styles in computer vision-techniques and future directions. IEEE Access 10:107293\u2013107329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3209825","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"416_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14569\/IJACSA.2022.0131277","author":"A Mathews","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mathews A, Sejal N, Venugopal KR (2022) Analysis of content based image retrieval using deep feature extraction and similarity matching. Int J Adv Comput Sci Appl. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14569\/IJACSA.2022.0131277","journal-title":"Int J Adv Comput Sci Appl"},{"issue":"2","key":"416_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1007\/s40747-022-00866-8","volume":"9","author":"A Naeem","year":"2023","unstructured":"Naeem A et al (2023) Deep learned vectors\u2019 formation using auto-correlation, scaling, and derivations with CNN for complex and huge image retrieval. Complex Intell Syst 9(2):1729\u20131751. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40747-022-00866-8","journal-title":"Complex Intell Syst"},{"key":"416_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41444","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3167398","volume":"10","author":"N Nguyen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nguyen N, Chen K-C (2022) Quantum embedding search for quantum machine learning. IEEE Access 10:41444\u201341456. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3167398","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"416_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4961","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2023.3328197","volume":"26","author":"Y Pei","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pei Y, Wang Z, Li N, Chen H, Huang B, Tu W (2023) Deep hashing network with hybrid attention and adaptive weighting for image retrieval. IEEE Trans Multimedia 26:4961\u20134973. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TMM.2023.3328197","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Multimedia"},{"key":"416_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNB.2025.3540102","author":"J Pradhan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pradhan J, Nenavath H (2025) DNA-CBIR: DNA translation inspired codon pattern-based deep image feature extraction for content-based image retrieval. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TNB.2025.3540102","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Nanobioscience"},{"issue":"8","key":"416_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering10080950","volume":"10","author":"W Salehi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Salehi W et al (2023) An approach to binary classification of alzheimer\u2019s disease using LSTM. Data Process Machine Learn Assist Rehab Technol 10(8):950. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/bioengineering10080950","journal-title":"Data Process Machine Learn Assist Rehab Technol"},{"issue":"2","key":"416_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2308","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-022-04748-1","volume":"79","author":"SF Salih","year":"2023","unstructured":"Salih SF, Abdulla AA (2023) An effective bi-layer content-based image retrieval technique. J Supercomput 79(2):2308\u20132331","journal-title":"J Supercomput"},{"issue":"22","key":"416_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33937","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-023-14761-y","volume":"82","author":"H Salman","year":"2023","unstructured":"Salman H, Taherinia AH, Zabihzadeh D (2023) Fast and accurate image retrieval using knowledge distillation from multiple deep pre-trained networks. Multimed Tools Appl 82(22):33937\u201333959. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-023-14761-y","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"issue":"2","key":"416_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.31185\/wjcms.147","volume":"2","author":"R Sharma","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sharma R, Rai B, Sharma S (2023) Classification on unsupervised deep hashing with pseudo labels using support vector machine for scalable image retrieval. Wasit Journal of Computer and Mathematics Science 2(2):39\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31185\/wjcms.147","journal-title":"Wasit Journal of Computer and Mathematics Science"},{"key":"416_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvcir.2022.103467","volume":"84","author":"S Sharma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sharma S, Gupta V, Juneja MJJOVC, Representation I (2022) A novel unsupervised multiple feature hashing for image retrieval and indexing (MFHIRI). J Vis Commun Image Represent 84:103467. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jvcir.2022.103467","journal-title":"J Vis Commun Image Represent"},{"issue":"12","key":"416_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34979","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-023-16916-3","volume":"83","author":"W-M Shi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shi W-M, Zhuang Q-T, Zhou Y-H, Yang Y-G (2024) An image reranking algorithm based on discrete-time quantum walk. Multimed Tools Appl 83(12):34979\u201334994. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-023-16916-3","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"issue":"4","key":"416_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"042409","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.110.042409","volume":"110","author":"AR Shinde","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shinde AR, Jain C, Kalev A (2024) Post-training approach for mitigating overfitting in quantum convolutional neural networks. Phys Rev A 110(4):042409. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevA.110.042409","journal-title":"Phys Rev A"},{"key":"416_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14569\/ijacsa.2024.0150985","author":"L Shuo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shuo L, Affendey LS, Sidi F (2024) Content-based image retrieval using transfer learning and vector database. Int J Adv Comput Sci Appl. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14569\/ijacsa.2024.0150985","journal-title":"Int J Adv Comput Sci Appl"},{"key":"416_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95410","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3308911","volume":"11","author":"D Srivastava","year":"2023","unstructured":"Srivastava D, Singh SS, Rajitha B, Verma M, Kaur M, Lee H-N (2023) Content-based image retrieval: a survey on local and global features selection, extraction, representation, and evaluation parameters. IEEE Access 11:95410\u201395431. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3308911","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"20","key":"416_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31737","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-023-14720-7","volume":"82","author":"G Sucharitha","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sucharitha G, Arora N, Sharma SC (2023) Medical image retrieval using a novel local relative directional edge pattern and Zernike moments. Multimed Tools Appl 82(20):31737\u201331757","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"key":"416_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2022.3204914","volume":"60","author":"G Sumbul","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sumbul G, Xiang J, Demir B (2022) Towards simultaneous image compression and indexing for scalable content-based retrieval in remote sensing. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens 60:1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TGRS.2022.3204914","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens"},{"key":"416_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2021.3136159","volume":"60","author":"X Tang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tang X et al (2021) Meta-hashing for remote sensing image retrieval. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens 60:1\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TGRS.2021.3136159","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens"},{"key":"416_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50624","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3172303","volume":"10","author":"A Vidyarthi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Vidyarthi A, Agarwal R, Gupta D, Sharma R, Draheim D, Tiwari P (2022) Machine learning assisted methodology for multiclass classification of malignant brain tumors. IEEE Access 10:50624\u201350640. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3172303","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"416_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2023.111336","volume":"284","author":"X Xiao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xiao X, Cao S, Wang L, Cheng S, Yuan EJK-BS (2024) Deep hashing image retrieval based on hybrid neural network and optimized metric learning. Knowl-Based Syst 284:111336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.knosys.2023.111336","journal-title":"Knowl-Based Syst"},{"issue":"1","key":"416_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7082","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-11217-5","volume":"12","author":"W Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang W, Wang L, Cheng SJSR (2022) Deep parameter-free attention hashing for image retrieval. Sci Rep 12(1):7082. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-11217-5","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"416_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3396411","author":"M Yousif","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yousif M, Al-Khateeb B, Garcia-Zapirain B (2024) A new quantum circuits of quantum convolutional neural network for x-ray images classification. IEEE Access. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3396411","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"416_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2022.3231851","volume":"16","author":"H Yu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yu H et al (2022) Text-image matching for cross-modal remote sensing image retrieval via graph neural network. IEEE J Sel Top Appl Earth Obs Remote Sens 16:812\u2013824. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/JSTARS.2022.3231851","journal-title":"IEEE J Sel Top Appl Earth Obs Remote Sens"},{"issue":"2","key":"416_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2020.2991171","volume":"31","author":"H Zhai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhai H, Lai S, Jin H, Qian X, Mei T (2020) Deep transfer hashing for image retrieval. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Video Technol 31(2):742\u2013753. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TCSVT.2020.2991171","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Video Technol"},{"issue":"11","key":"416_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13344","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2023.3292075","volume":"45","author":"Z Zhu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhu Z, Lin K, Jain AK, Zhou J (2023) Transfer learning in deep reinforcement learning: a survey. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 45(11):13344\u201313362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TPAMI.2023.3292075","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"}],"container-title":["Quantum Machine Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s42484-026-00416-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s42484-026-00416-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s42484-026-00416-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T06:57:56Z","timestamp":1783061876000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s42484-026-00416-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["416"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s42484-026-00416-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["2524-4906","2524-4914"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2524-4906","type":"print"},{"value":"2524-4914","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Authors comply with the highest level of ethical standards while preparing the manuscript.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Clinical trial number: not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Clinical trial registration"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}],"article-number":"75"}}