{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T13:37:50Z","timestamp":1768311470825,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,24]],"date-time":"2020-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582502400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,24]],"date-time":"2020-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582502400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hewlett Packard Enterprise and National Science Foundation","award":["I\/UCRC-1439722"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["I\/UCRC-1439722"]}]},{"name":"National Science Foundation","award":["FoMR-1823403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FoMR-1823403"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CCF Trans. HPC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s42514-020-00019-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,24]],"date-time":"2020-02-24T17:08:26Z","timestamp":1582564106000},"page":"16-35","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Virtualize and share non-volatile memories in user space"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"2","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3094-6951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chih Chieh","family":"Chou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaemin","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. L. Narasimha","family":"Reddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul V.","family":"Gratz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Doug","family":"Voigt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"19_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sse.2016.07.006","volume":"125","author":"A Chen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chen, A.: A review of emerging non-volatile memory (NVM) technologies and applications. Solid-State Electron. 125, 25\u201338 (2016)","journal-title":"Solid-State Electron."},{"key":"19_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coburn, J., Caulfield, A.M,, Akel, A., Grupp, L.M., Gupta, R.K., Jhala, R., Swanson, S.: NV-heaps: making persistent objects fast and safe with next-generation, non-volatile memories. In: ASPLOS XVI Proceedings of the Sixteenth International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, pp. 105\u2013118. ACM, Newport Beach (2011)","DOI":"10.1145\/1950365.1950380"},{"key":"19_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Condit, J., Nightingale, E.B., Frost, C., Ipek, E., Lee, B., Burger, D., Coetzee, D.: Better i\/o through byte-addressable, persistent memory. In: SOSP \u201909 Proceedings of the ACM SIGOPS 22nd Symposium on Operating Systems Principles. ACM, Big Sky, Montana (2009)","DOI":"10.1145\/1629575.1629589"},{"key":"19_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cooper, B.F., Silberstein, A., ErwinTam, Ramakrishnan, R., Sears, R.: Benchmarking cloud serving systems with YCSB. In: SoCC \u201910 Proceedings of the 1st ACM Symposium on Cloud Computing, pp 143\u2013154. ACM, Indianapolis (2010)","DOI":"10.1145\/1807128.1807152"},{"key":"19_CR5","unstructured":"Docker. Docker container. https:\/\/www.docker.com\/ (2013)"},{"key":"19_CR6","unstructured":"Docker (2018) Docker container bind mounts. https:\/\/docs.docker.com\/storage\/bind-mounts\/"},{"key":"19_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Doshi, K., Giles, E.R., Varman, P.: Atomic persistence for scm with a non-intrusive backend controller. In: HPCA \u201916 Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Computer Architecture. IEEE, Barcelona (2016)","DOI":"10.1109\/HPCA.2016.7446055"},{"key":"19_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dulloor, S.R., Kumar, S., Keshavamurthy, A., Lantz, P., Reddy, D., Sankaran, R., Jackson, J.: System software for persistent memory. In: EuroSys \u201914 Proceedings of the Ninth European Conference on Computer Systems, ACM, Amsterdam (2014)","DOI":"10.1145\/2592798.2592814"},{"key":"19_CR9","unstructured":"Eisner, L.A., Mollov, T., Swanson, S.: Quill: Exploiting fast non-volatile memory by transparently bypassing the file system. In: Technical report, UCSD (2013)"},{"key":"19_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fedorov, V., Kim, J., Qin, M., Gratz, P.V., Reddy, A.L.N.: Speculative paging for future NVM storage. In: MEMSYS \u201917 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Memory Systems, Alexandria, Virginia (2017)","DOI":"10.1145\/3132402.3132409"},{"key":"19_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giles, E.R., Doshi, K., Varman, P.: Softwrap: A lightweight framework for transactional support of storage class memory. In: MSST \u201915 Proceedings of the 31st Symposium on Mass Storage Systems and Technologies, pp. 1\u201314. IEEE, Santa Clara (2015)","DOI":"10.1109\/MSST.2015.7208276"},{"key":"19_CR12","unstructured":"Intel.: Persistent memory development kit (2015). https:\/\/pmem.io\/pmdk\/"},{"key":"19_CR13","unstructured":"Intel. Storage performance development kit (2017). https:\/\/spdk.io\/"},{"key":"19_CR14","unstructured":"Intel: Intel optane dc persistent memory (2019). https:\/\/www.intel.com\/content\/www\/us\/en\/architecture-and-technology\/optane-dc-persistent-memory.html"},{"key":"19_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Joshi, A., Nagarajan, V., Viglas, S., Cintra, M.: Atom: Atomic durability in non-volatile memory through hardware logging. In: HPCA \u201917 Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Computer Architecture. IEEE, Austin (2017)","DOI":"10.1109\/HPCA.2017.50"},{"issue":"1","key":"19_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/1714454.1714457","volume":"6","author":"J Jung","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jung, J., Won, Y., Kim, E., Shin, H., Jeon, B.: Frash: exploiting storage class memory in hybrid file system for hierarchical storage. ACM Trans. Storage (TOS) 6(1), 1\u201325 (2010)","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Storage (TOS)"},{"key":"19_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kwon, Y., Fingler, H., Hunt, T., Peter, S., Witchel, E., Anderson. T.: Strata: A cross media file system. In: SOSP \u201917 Proceedings of the 26th Symposium on Operating Systems Principles, pp. 460\u2013477. ACM, Shangha (2017)","DOI":"10.1145\/3132747.3132770"},{"key":"19_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1109\/MM.2010.24","volume":"30","author":"BC Lee","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lee, B.C., Zhou, P., Yang, J., Zhang, Y., Zhao, B., Ipek, E., Mutlu, O., Burger, D.: Phase-change technology and the future of main memory. IEEE Micro 30, 131\u2013141 (2010)","journal-title":"IEEE Micro"},{"key":"19_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liang, L., Chen, R., Chen, H., Xia, Y., Park, K., Zang, B., Guan, H.: A case for virtualizing persistent memory. In: SoCC \u201916 Proceedings of the Seventh ACM Symposium on Cloud Computing. ACM, Santa Clara (2016)","DOI":"10.1145\/2987550.2987551"},{"key":"19_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Memaripour, A., Badam, A., Phanishayee, A., Zhou, Y., Alagappan, R., Strauss, K., Swanson, S.: Atomic in-place updates for non-volatile main memories with kamino-tx. In: EuroSys \u201917 Proceedings of the Twelfth European Conference on Computer Systems, pp. 499\u2013512.ACM, Belgrade (2017)","DOI":"10.1145\/3064176.3064215"},{"key":"19_CR21","unstructured":"Microsoft: Transaction isolation levels (2017). https:\/\/docs.microsoft.com\/en-us\/sql\/odbc\/reference\/develop-app\/transaction-isolation-levels?view=sql-server-2017"},{"key":"19_CR22","unstructured":"mongoDB (2008a) Mmapv1 storage engine. https:\/\/docs.mongodb.com\/manual\/core\/mmapv1\/"},{"key":"19_CR23","unstructured":"mongoDB (2008b) Mongodb data base. https:\/\/github.com\/mongodb"},{"key":"19_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Narayanan, D., Hodson, O.: Whole-system persistence. In: ASPLOS XVII Proceedings of the seventeenth international conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems. ACM, London (2012)","DOI":"10.1145\/2150976.2151018"},{"key":"19_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pelley, S., Chen, P.M., Wenisch, T.F.: Memory persistency. ISCA \u201914 Proceeding of the 41st annual international symposium on Computer architecuture, pp. 265\u2013276. Minneapolis, Minnesota (2014)","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCA.2014.6853222"},{"key":"19_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qiu, S., Reddy, A.L.N.: Nvmfs: a hybrid file system for improving random write in NAND-flash SSD. In: MSST \u201913 IEEE 29th Symposium on Mass Storage Systems and Technologies. IEEE, Long Beach (2013)","DOI":"10.1109\/MSST.2013.6558434"},{"key":"19_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qureshi, M.K., Srinivasan, V., Rivers, J.A.: Scalable high performance main memory system using phase-change memory technology. In: ISCA \u201909 Proceedings of the 36th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture. ACM, Austin (2009)","DOI":"10.1145\/1555754.1555760"},{"key":"19_CR28","unstructured":"Samsung (2017) Ultra-low latency with Samsung z-nand ssd. https:\/\/www.samsung.com\/semiconductor\/global.semi.static\/Ultra-Low_Latency_with_Samsung_Z-NAND_SSD-0.pdf"},{"key":"19_CR29","unstructured":"SNIA: NVM Programming Model. In: Storage Networking Industry Association, rev., vol. 1, no. 2 (2017)"},{"key":"19_CR30","unstructured":"Swanson, S.: A vision of persistence (2017). https:\/\/www.sigarch.org\/a-vision-of-persistence\/"},{"key":"19_CR31","unstructured":"Swift, M.: Persistent memory ordering (2015). http:\/\/materials.dagstuhl.de\/files\/15\/15021\/15021.MichaelSwift1.Slides.pdf"},{"key":"19_CR32","unstructured":"Venkataraman, S., Tolia, N., Ranganathan, P., Campbell, R.H.: Consistent and durable data structures for non-volatile byte-addressable memory. In: FAST \u201911 Proceedings of the 9th USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies, USENIX (2011)"},{"key":"19_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Volos, H., Tack, A.J., Swift, M.M.: Mnemosyne: Lightweight persistent memory. In: ASPLOS XVI Proceedings of the Sixteenth International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, pp. 91\u2013104. ACM, Newport Beach, California (2011)","DOI":"10.1145\/1950365.1950379"},{"key":"19_CR34","unstructured":"Volos, H., Nalli, S., Panneerselvam, S., Varadarajan, V., Saxena, P., Swift, M.M.: Aerie: Flexible file-system interfaces to storage-class memory. In: EuroSys \u201914 Proceedings of the Ninth European Conference on Computer Systems. ACM, Amsterdam (2014)"},{"key":"19_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wan, H., Lu, Y., Xu, Y., Shu, J.: Empirical study of redo and undo logging in persistent memory. In: NVMSA \u201916 Proceeding of the 5th Non-Volatile Memory Systems and Applications Symposium, pp. 1\u20136. IEEE, Daegu (2016)","DOI":"10.1109\/NVMSA.2016.7547178"},{"key":"19_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, C., Wei, Q., Yang, J., Chen, C., Xue, M.: How to be consistent with persistent memory? an evaluation approach. NAS \u201915, pp. 186\u2013194. IEEE, Boston (2015)","DOI":"10.1109\/NAS.2015.7255223"},{"key":"19_CR37","unstructured":"Watts, D.: Intel optane dc persistent memory product guide (2019). https:\/\/lenovopress.com\/lp1066-intel-optane-dc-persistent-memory"},{"key":"19_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, X., Reddy, A.L.N., (2011) SCMFS: a file system for storage class memory. In: SC \u201911 Proceedings of International Conference for High Performance Computing. Networking, Storage and Analysis. ACM, Seattle (2011)","DOI":"10.1145\/2063384.2063436"},{"key":"19_CR39","unstructured":"Xu, J., Swanson, S.: Nova: A log-structured file system for hybrid volatile\/non-volatile main memories. In: FAST \u201916 Proceedings of the 14th USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies, pp. 323\u2013338. USENIX, Santa Clara (2016)"},{"key":"19_CR40","unstructured":"Yang, J., Wei, Q., Chen, C., Wang, C., Yong, K.L., He, B.: NV-Tree: Reducing consistency cost for NVM-based single level systems. In: FAST \u201915 Proceedings of the 13th USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies. USENIX, Santa Clara (2015)"},{"issue":"2","key":"19_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1109\/MSSC.2016.2546199","volume":"8","author":"S Yu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yu, S., Chen, P.Y.: Emerging memory technologies: recent trends and prospects. IEEE Solid-State Circuits Mag. 8(2), 43\u201356 (2016)","journal-title":"IEEE Solid-State Circuits Mag."},{"key":"19_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Swanson, S.: A study of application performance with non-volatile main memory. In: MSST \u201915 Proceedings of the 31st Symposium on Mass Storage Systems and Technologies. IEEE, Santa Clara (2015)","DOI":"10.1109\/MSST.2015.7208275"},{"key":"19_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Yang, J., Memaripour, A., Swanson, S.: Mojim: a reliable and highly-available non-volatile memory system. In: ASPLOS \u201915 Proceedings of the Twentieth International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems. ACM, Istanbul (2015)","DOI":"10.1145\/2694344.2694370"},{"key":"19_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, J., Li, S., Yoon, D.H., Xie, Y., Jouppi, N.P.: Kiln: closing the performance gap between systems with and without persistence support. In: MICRO \u201913 Proceedings of the 46th Annual IEEE\/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture. IEEE, Davis (2013)","DOI":"10.1145\/2540708.2540744"},{"key":"19_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, P., Zhao, B., Yang, J., Zhang, Y.: A durable and energy efficient main memory using phase change memory technology. In: ISCA \u201909 Proceedings of the 36th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture. ACM, Austin (2009)","DOI":"10.1145\/1555754.1555759"}],"container-title":["CCF Transactions on High Performance Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s42514-020-00019-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s42514-020-00019-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s42514-020-00019-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,23]],"date-time":"2021-02-23T00:57:52Z","timestamp":1614041872000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s42514-020-00019-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,24]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]}},"alternative-id":["19"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s42514-020-00019-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["2524-4922","2524-4930"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2524-4922","type":"print"},{"value":"2524-4930","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 June 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 January 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 February 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}