{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T19:17:25Z","timestamp":1792869445162,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741219200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741219200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["SN COMPUT. SCI."],"DOI":"10.1007\/s42979-025-03761-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T10:52:39Z","timestamp":1741258359000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Analysis of Traffic Flow Congestion by Integrating Supervised Machine Learning with K-mean Clustering"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9491-6951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sumit","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Awadhesh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akhilesh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"3761_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Samal SR, Gireesh Kumar P, Cyril Santhosh J, Santhakumar M (2020) Analysis of Traffic Congestion Impacts of Urban Road Network under Indian Condition. In: IOP conference series: materials science and engineering. IOP Publishing Ltd","DOI":"10.1088\/1757-899X\/1006\/1\/012002"},{"key":"3761_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chen Y, Huang M, Song K, Wang T (2023) Prediction of ship traffic flow and congestion based on extreme learning machine with whale optimization algorithm and fuzzy c -means clustering. J Adv Transp 2023:. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2023\/7175863","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/7175863"},{"key":"3761_CR3","unstructured":"(2019) Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on computing methodologies and communication (ICCMC 2019)\u202f: 27\u201329, March 2019. IEEE"},{"key":"3761_CR4","unstructured":"Niranjan SK. (2017) Proceedings of the 2017 International Conference on Big Data Analytics and Computational Intelligence\u202f: ICBDACI 2017\u202f: 23\u201325 March 2017, Chirala Engineering College, Chirala, Andhra Pradesh, India. IEEE"},{"key":"3761_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sarker IH (2021) Machine Learning: Algorithms, Real-World Applications and Research Directions. SN Comput Sci 2","DOI":"10.1007\/s42979-021-00592-x"},{"key":"3761_CR6","unstructured":"Manaranjan P, Dinesh Kumar U (2019) Machine learning with Python. Wiley"},{"key":"3761_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ambigavathi M, Sridharan D (2020) Analysis of Clustering Algorithms in Machine Learning for Healthcare Data. In: Communications in Computer and Information Science. Springer, pp 117\u2013128","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-6634-9_12"},{"key":"3761_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"S S, C. MrP (2017) A Comparative analysis of clustering approach for predicting road traffic accident dataset. IJARCCE 6:468\u2013473. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17148\/ijarcce.2017.6683","DOI":"10.17148\/ijarcce.2017.6683"},{"key":"3761_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tra.2018.10.035","volume":"137","author":"Z Cheng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cheng Z, Wang W, Lu J, Xing X. Classifying the traffic state of urban expressways: a machine-learning approach. Transp Res Part A Policy Pract. 2020;137:411\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tra.2018.10.035.","journal-title":"Transp Res Part A Policy Pract"},{"key":"3761_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bratsas C, Koupidis K, Salanova JM, et al (2020) A comparison of machine learning methods for the prediction of traffic speed in Urban places. Sustainability (Switzerland) 12:. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/SU12010142","DOI":"10.3390\/SU12010142"},{"key":"3761_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Berlotti M, Di Grande S, Cavalieri S (2024) Proposal of a machine learning approach for traffic flow prediction. Sensors 24:. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s24072348","DOI":"10.3390\/s24072348"},{"key":"3761_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20544\/TTS2021.1.1.21.p46","volume-title":"Traffic flow prediction using machine learning","author":"S Jankovi\u0107","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jankovi\u0107 S, Mladenovi\u0107 D, Mladenovi\u0107 S, Zdravkovi\u0107 S. Traffic flow prediction using machine learning. Kliment Ohridski - Bitola: University St; 2021."},{"key":"3761_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Manikandan BV, Nathan TR, Naresh R, Prasad P (2023) Traffic flow prediction for intelligent transportation system using machine learning. In: E3S web of conferences. EDP Sciences","DOI":"10.1051\/e3sconf\/202338705002"},{"key":"3761_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Babulal KS, Das AK (2022) Deep Learning-based object detection: an investigation. pp 697\u2013711","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-19-5037-7_50"},{"key":"3761_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zeroual A, Harrou F, Sun Y (2021) Predicting road traffic density using a machine learning-driven approach. In: International Conference on Electrical, Computer, and Energy Technologies, ICECET 2021. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICECET52533.2021.9698639"},{"key":"3761_CR16","unstructured":"Road traffic dataset https:\/\/www.kaggle.com\/datasets\/arashnic\/road-trafic-dataset"},{"key":"3761_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fan C, Chen M, Wang X, et al (2021) A review on data preprocessing techniques toward efficient and reliable knowledge discovery from building operational data. Front Energy Res 9","DOI":"10.3389\/fenrg.2021.652801"},{"key":"3761_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Babulal KS, Nayak BK (2022) Suicidal analysis on social networks using machine learning. pp 230\u2013247","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-6684-3533-5.ch012"},{"key":"3761_CR19","unstructured":"Algorithm 15.1 Random Forest for Regression or Classification"},{"key":"3761_CR20","volume-title":"An introduction to statistical learning: with applications in R","author":"J Gareth","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gareth J, Daniela W, Trevor H, Robert T. An introduction to statistical learning: with applications in R. Springer Science+Business Media: Springer; 2017."},{"key":"3761_CR21","unstructured":"Zemel RS, Pitassi T A Gradient-based boosting algorithm for regression problems"},{"key":"3761_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1080\/001401398186603","volume":"41","author":"DD Clarke","year":"1998","unstructured":"Clarke DD, Forsyth R, Wright R. Machine learning in road accident research: decision trees describing road accidents during cross-flow turns. Ergonomics. 1998;41:1060\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/001401398186603.","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"3761_CR23","unstructured":"https:\/\/scikit-learn.org\/stable\/modules\/generated\/sklearn.tree.DecisionTreeRegressor.html DecisionTreeRegressor"},{"key":"3761_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gupta S, Kumar A (2024) Machine learning strategies for analyzing road traffic accident. pp 394\u2013405","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-53827-8_35"},{"key":"3761_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003357346-44","volume-title":"Intelligent Systems and Smart Infrastructure","author":"A Kumar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kumar A, Mishra MK, Kumar A, Gupta S. Machine learning approaches for cardiac disease prediction. In: Intelligent Systems and Smart Infrastructure. London: CRC Press; 2023. p. 391\u2013400."},{"key":"3761_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1007\/s40471-019-00211-7","volume":"6","author":"S Khalid","year":"2019","unstructured":"Khalid S, Prieto-Alhambra D. Machine learning for feature selection and cluster analysis in drug utilisation research. Curr Epidemiol Rep. 2019;6:364\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40471-019-00211-7.","journal-title":"Curr Epidemiol Rep"},{"key":"3761_CR27","unstructured":"Basak D, Pal S, Patranabis DC (2007) Support Vector Regression"},{"key":"3761_CR28","unstructured":"GridSearchCV https:\/\/scikit-learn.org\/stable\/modules\/generated\/sklearn.model_selection.GridSearchCV.html"},{"key":"3761_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3177507","author":"A Botchkarev","year":"2018","unstructured":"Botchkarev A. Evaluating performance of regression machine learning models using multiple error metrics in azure machine learning studio. SSRN Electron J. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.3177507.","journal-title":"SSRN Electron J"},{"key":"3761_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar P, Babulal KS (2023) Pre-processing Pipelines for Effective Segmentation of Lymphatic Filariasis Parasite Images. pp 403\u2013414","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-99-4284-8_33"},{"key":"3761_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63571","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-023-17958-3","volume":"83","author":"P Kumar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kumar P, Babulal KS. Automated detection of microfilariae parasite in blood smear using OCR-NURBS image segmentation. Multimedia Tools Appl. 2024;83:63571\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-023-17958-3.","journal-title":"Multimedia Tools Appl"},{"key":"3761_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bisong E (2019) Building machine learning and deep learning models on google cloud platform. Apress","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4842-4470-8"}],"container-title":["SN Computer Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s42979-025-03761-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s42979-025-03761-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s42979-025-03761-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T10:52:49Z","timestamp":1741258369000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s42979-025-03761-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["3761"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s42979-025-03761-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["2661-8907"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2661-8907","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 September 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 January 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 March 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"There are no conflicts of interest, according to the authors.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"Not Applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Research Involving Human and \/or Animals"}},{"value":"This article is entirely original work by its author and has not been previously published.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed Consent"}}],"article-number":"255"}}