{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T18:45:22Z","timestamp":1778525122234,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741219200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741219200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["SN COMPUT. SCI."],"DOI":"10.1007\/s42979-025-03774-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T07:40:10Z","timestamp":1741246810000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Pedagogical Framework for Technology-Mediated Agile-Blended Learning"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Kam Cheong","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6584-4392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Billy Tak-ming","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"3774_CR1","first-page":"1","volume":"3","author":"M Amerian","year":"2014","unstructured":"Amerian M, Ahmadian M, Mehri E. Sociocultural theory in practice: the effect of teacher, class, and peer scaffolding on the writing development of EFL learners. Int J Appl Linguist English Lit. 2014;3(5):1\u201312.","journal-title":"Int J Appl Linguist English Lit"},{"issue":"1","key":"3774_CR2","first-page":"9","volume":"1","author":"RJ Amineh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Amineh RJ, A, H. D. Review of constructivism and social constructivism. J Soc Sci Lit Lang. 2015;1(1):9\u201316.","journal-title":"J Soc Sci Lit Lang"},{"key":"3774_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15215\/aupress\/9781897425084.01","volume-title":"The theory and practice of online learning","author":"T Anderson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Anderson T. The theory and practice of online learning. Athabasca University Press; 2008."},{"key":"3774_CR4","first-page":"5","volume":"1","author":"J Biggs","year":"2014","unstructured":"Biggs J. Constructive alignment in university teaching. HERDSA Rev Higher Educ. 2014;1:5\u201322.","journal-title":"HERDSA Rev Higher Educ"},{"key":"3774_CR5","volume-title":"Teaching for quality learning at university. The","author":"JB Biggs","year":"2011","unstructured":"Biggs JB, Tang C. Teaching for quality learning at university. The. 4th ed. Maidenhead: Society for Research into Higher Education & Open University Press; 2011.","edition":"4"},{"key":"3774_CR6","volume-title":"Toward a theory of instruction","author":"JS Bruner","year":"1966","unstructured":"Bruner JS. Toward a theory of instruction, vol. 59. Harvard University Press; 1966."},{"key":"3774_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511840975.004","volume-title":"Vygotsky\u2019s educational theory in cultural context","author":"S Chaiklin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Chaiklin S. The zone of proximal development in Vygotsky\u2019s analysis of learning and instruction. In: Kozulin A, Gindis B, Ageyev VS, Miller SM, editors. Vygotsky\u2019s educational theory in cultural context. New York: Cambridge University Press; 2003. p. 39\u201364."},{"issue":"1","key":"3774_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1080\/00220970209602054","volume":"71","author":"KE Chang","year":"2002","unstructured":"Chang KE, Sung YT, Chen ID. The effect of concept mapping to enhance text comprehension and summarization. J Exp Educ. 2002;71(1):5\u201323.","journal-title":"J Exp Educ"},{"key":"3774_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.linged.2016.07.004","volume":"35","author":"H Chen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chen H, Myhill D. Children talking about writing: Investigating metalinguistic understanding. Linguist Educ. 2016;35:100\u20138.","journal-title":"Linguist Educ"},{"issue":"3","key":"3774_CR10","first-page":"49","volume":"10","author":"MY Damanhouri","year":"2021","unstructured":"Damanhouri MY. The effectiveness of Scaffolding as a teaching strategy in enhancing English language learners\u2019 motivation in writing: a case study. J Arts Humanities. 2021;10(3):49\u201358.","journal-title":"J Arts Humanities"},{"key":"3774_CR11","volume-title":"Democracy and education","author":"J Dewey","year":"1916","unstructured":"Dewey J. Democracy and education. New York: Free Press; 1916."},{"key":"3774_CR12","volume-title":"Experience and education","author":"J Dewey","year":"1938","unstructured":"Dewey J. Experience and education. New York: Macmillan; 1938."},{"key":"3774_CR13","volume-title":"Exploring development through childhood","author":"R Fabes","year":"2001","unstructured":"Fabes R, Martin CL. Exploring development through childhood. Allyn and Bacon; 2001."},{"key":"3774_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garrison J, Neubert S & Reich K. John Dewey\u2019s philosophy of education: an introduction and re-contextualization for our times. 2012. Retrieved from http:\/\/otago.eblib.com.au\/patron\/FullRecord.aspx?p=1058227.","DOI":"10.1057\/9781137026187"},{"key":"3774_CR15","volume-title":"Learning and instruction: theory into practice","author":"M Gredler","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gredler M. Learning and instruction: theory into practice. 6th ed. Pearson; 2009.","edition":"6"},{"key":"3774_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203846933","volume-title":"Learning theory and online technology: How new technologies are transforming learning opportunities","author":"L Harasim","year":"2012","unstructured":"Harasim L. Learning theory and online technology: How new technologies are transforming learning opportunities. New York: Routledge Press; 2012."},{"key":"3774_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-3803-7_2","volume-title":"The international handbook of virtual learning environments","author":"L Harasim","year":"2006","unstructured":"Harasim L. A history of e-learning: shift happened. In: Weiss J, Nolan J, Hunsinger J, Trifonas P, editors. The international handbook of virtual learning environments. Dordrecht: Springer; 2006. p. 59\u201394."},{"key":"3774_CR18","unstructured":"Hasan S & Abdulkarim S. John Dewey\u2019s intellectual form of educational philosophy in contemporary Era. J Positive School Psychol. 2022;6(5)4110\u20134118."},{"key":"3774_CR19","first-page":"37","volume-title":"Emerging issues in the practice of university learning and teaching","author":"B Higgs","year":"2005","unstructured":"Higgs B, McCarthy M. Active learning\u2014from lecture theatre to field-work. In: O\u2019Neill G, Moore S, McMullin B, editors. Emerging issues in the practice of university learning and teaching. Dublin: AISHE; 2005;6(5):37\u201344."},{"key":"3774_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-94882-5","volume-title":"Learning, philosophy and African citizenship","author":"K Holma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Holma K, Kontinen T. Learning, philosophy and African citizenship. Palgrave Macmillan; 2022."},{"key":"3774_CR21","volume-title":"Early literacy: a constructivist foundation for whole language","author":"C Kamii","year":"1991","unstructured":"Kamii C, Manning M, Manning G. Early literacy: a constructivist foundation for whole language. National Education Association; 1991."},{"issue":"1","key":"3774_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11191-004-4812-9","volume":"15","author":"R Kruckeberg","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kruckeberg R. A Deweyan perspective on science education: constructivism, experience, and why we learn science. Sci Educ. 2006;15(1):1\u201330.","journal-title":"Sci Educ"},{"key":"3774_CR23","unstructured":"Lai Y-C. Practitioners\u2019 strategies for enhancing early childhood music education in Taiwan. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Boston University. 2015."},{"key":"3774_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511815355","volume-title":"Situated learning: legitimate peripheral participation","author":"J Lave","year":"1991","unstructured":"Lave J, Wenger E. Situated learning: legitimate peripheral participation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1991."},{"key":"3774_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-46158-7_19","volume-title":"Technology in education: transforming educational practices with technology","author":"KC Li","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li KC, Lam H, Lee T, et al. Effectiveness of technology enhancement in blended learning: an instrumental perspective. In: Li, et al., editors. Technology in education: transforming educational practices with technology. Berlin: Springer; 2015. p. 187\u201398."},{"key":"3774_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-35731-2_2","volume-title":"Blended learning: lessons learned and ways forward","author":"KC Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li KC, et al. Agile-Blended learning as a metropolitan teaching approach. In: Li, et al., editors. Blended learning: lessons learned and ways forward. Cham: Springer; 2023. p. 14\u20139."},{"issue":"8","key":"3774_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6780","DOI":"10.3390\/su15086780","volume":"15","author":"KC Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li KC, Wong BTM, Kwan R, Chan HT, Wu MMF, Cheung SKS. Evaluation of hybrid learning and teaching practices: the perspective of academics. Sustainability. 2023;15(8):6780.","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"3774_CR28","first-page":"107","volume-title":"Essays in online education: a global perspective","author":"KC Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li KC, Wong BTM. Blend learning in Hong Kong higher education. In: Makhanya MS, Singh D, editors. Essays in online education: a global perspective. Unisa Press; 2019. p. 107\u201320."},{"issue":"1\/2","key":"3774_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.16993\/dfl.27","volume":"3","author":"S Lundvall","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lundvall S, Maivorsdotter N. Aesthetic aspects in meaning making-an explorative study of dance education in a PETE programme. Designs Learn. 2010;3(1\/2):30\u201341.","journal-title":"Designs Learn"},{"issue":"3","key":"3774_CR30","first-page":"51","volume":"30","author":"WJ Matthews","year":"2003","unstructured":"Matthews WJ. Constructivism in the classroom: epistemology, history, and empirical evidence. Teacher Educ Quart. 2003;30(3):51\u201364.","journal-title":"Teacher Educ Quart"},{"key":"3774_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781452230498","volume-title":"Handbook of counselor preparation: constructivist, developmental and experiential approaches","author":"G McAuliff","year":"2011","unstructured":"McAuliff G, Eriksen K. Handbook of counselor preparation: constructivist, developmental and experiential approaches. SAGE; 2011."},{"issue":"1","key":"3774_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1080\/02607476.2020.1831375","volume":"47","author":"S Newman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Newman S, Latifi A. Vygotsky, education, and teacher education. J Educ Teach. 2021;47(1):4\u201317.","journal-title":"J Educ Teach"},{"issue":"3","key":"3774_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.20527\/bipf.v9i3.11169","volume":"9","author":"S Ningsih","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ningsih S, Suana W, Sesunan F. The effect of multi-stage discussion with google classroom and WhatsApp in learning physics on problem solving ability. Berkala Ilmiah Pendidikan Fisika. 2021;9(3):316\u201325.","journal-title":"Berkala Ilmiah Pendidikan Fisika"},{"key":"3774_CR34","unstructured":"Oberhausen MM. Curriculum and instruction: a conceptual analysis of their relationship in theory and in practice. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. The Florida State University. 1975."},{"issue":"3","key":"3774_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.24059\/olj.v21i3.1225","volume":"21","author":"AG Picciano","year":"2017","unstructured":"Picciano AG. Theories and frameworks for online education: seeking an integrated model. Online Learn. 2017;21(3):166\u201390.","journal-title":"Online Learn"},{"issue":"1","key":"3774_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1108\/17504971111121919","volume":"5","author":"D Porcaro","year":"2011","unstructured":"Porcaro D. Applying constructivism in instructivist learning cultures. J Multicultural Educ Technol. 2011;5(1):39\u201354.","journal-title":"J Multicultural Educ Technol"},{"key":"3774_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-4666-3661-3.ch002","volume-title":"Cases on quality teaching practices in higher education","author":"M Prosser","year":"2013","unstructured":"Prosser M. Quality teaching quality learning. In: Salter D, editor. Cases on quality teaching practices in higher education. Hershey: IGI Global; 2013. p. 26\u201337."},{"key":"3774_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-43620-9_18","volume-title":"Science education in theory and practice: an introductory guide to learning theory","author":"M Rannikm\u00e4e","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rannikm\u00e4e M, Holbrook J, Soobard R. Social constructivism\u2014Jerome Bruner. In: Akpan B, Kennedy TJ, editors. Science education in theory and practice: an introductory guide to learning theory. Switzerland: Springer; 2020. p. 259\u201375."},{"issue":"1","key":"3774_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1007\/s11528-018-0356-8","volume":"63","author":"L Stapleton","year":"2019","unstructured":"Stapleton L, Stefaniak J. Cognitive constructivism: Revisiting Jerome Bruner\u2019s influence on instructional design practices. TechTrends. 2019;63(1):4\u20135.","journal-title":"TechTrends"},{"key":"3774_CR40","volume-title":"The Routledge international handbook of learning","author":"C Stephen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Stephen C. Learning in early childhood. In: Jarivs P, Watts M, editors. The Routledge international handbook of learning. Routledge; 2011."},{"key":"3774_CR41","first-page":"189","volume-title":"Engaging the avatar: new frontiers in immersive education","author":"H Trotta","year":"2021","unstructured":"Trotta H, Glenn M. Salt marsh dynamics and a problem-based learning scenario. In: Hinrichs R, Wankel C, editors. Engaging the avatar: new frontiers in immersive education. Information Age Publishing; 2021. p. 189\u2013216."},{"key":"3774_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2013.05.001","volume":"81","author":"P Upham","year":"2014","unstructured":"Upham P, Carney S, Klapper R. Scaffolding, software, and scenarios: appling Bruner\u2019s learning theory to energy scenario development with the public. Technol Forecast Soc Chang. 2014;81:131\u201342.","journal-title":"Technol Forecast Soc Chang"},{"key":"3774_CR43","unstructured":"Verenikina I. Vygotsky in twenty-first-century research. In: EdMedia+ innovate learning (pp. 16\u201325). Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE). 2010."},{"issue":"3","key":"3774_CR44","first-page":"34","volume":"23","author":"L Vygotsky","year":"1978","unstructured":"Vygotsky L. Interaction between learning and development. Read Dev Child. 1978;23(3):34\u201341.","journal-title":"Read Dev Child"},{"key":"3774_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511605895","volume-title":"Dialogic inquiry: toward a sociocultural practice and theory of education","author":"G Wells","year":"1999","unstructured":"Wells G. Dialogic inquiry: toward a sociocultural practice and theory of education. Cambridge University Press; 1999."},{"key":"3774_CR46","unstructured":"Wenger E. Communities of Practice. A brief introduction. 2011. http:\/\/www.ewenger.com\/theory\/index.htm."},{"issue":"2","key":"3774_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1108\/AAOUJ-02-2024-0017","volume":"19","author":"JMS Wong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wong JMS. Student experiences of agile-blended learning in emergency online education: insights from a participatory case study. Asian Assoc Open Univ J. 2024;19(2):202\u201316.","journal-title":"Asian Assoc Open Univ J"},{"issue":"2","key":"3774_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1504\/IJIL.2023.132756","volume":"34","author":"BTM Wong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wong BTM, Li KC, Kwan R, Wu MMF. Learning in a hybrid synchronous mode: experiences and views of university students. Int J Innov Learn. 2023;34(2):197\u2013207.","journal-title":"Int J Innov Learn"},{"issue":"5","key":"3774_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1080\/14616688.2014.963662","volume":"16","author":"H Xu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Xu H, Wan X, Fan X. Rethinking authenticity in the implementation of China\u2019s heritage conservation: the case of Hongcun Village. Tour Geogr. 2014;16(5):799\u2013811.","journal-title":"Tour Geogr"},{"issue":"3","key":"3774_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1002\/curj.19","volume":"31","author":"N Ziebell","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ziebell N, Suda L. Optimising learning opportunities for students in complementary classroom and museum settings. Curriculum J. 2020;31(3):539\u201356.","journal-title":"Curriculum J"}],"container-title":["SN Computer Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s42979-025-03774-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s42979-025-03774-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s42979-025-03774-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T08:14:44Z","timestamp":1741248884000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s42979-025-03774-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["3774"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s42979-025-03774-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["2661-8907"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2661-8907","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 December 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 February 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 March 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Research Involving Human and\/or Animals"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed Consent"}}],"article-number":"253"}}