{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T19:28:09Z","timestamp":1757618889221,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752710400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["SN COMPUT. SCI."],"DOI":"10.1007\/s42979-025-04135-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T16:51:10Z","timestamp":1752771070000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cost Efficient Rule Based Soil\u2013Water Kinetics Driven Automated Architecture for Smart Agriculture"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0597-5099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dola","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Anjan Kumar","family":"Dasgupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kaustav","family":"Chakraborty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Amlan","family":"Chakrabarti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"4135_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2017.09.002","volume":"98","author":"P Hu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hu P, Dhelim S, Ning H, Qiu T. Survey on fog computing: architecture, key technologies, applications and open issues. J Netw Comput Appl. 2017;98:27\u201342.","journal-title":"J Netw Comput Appl"},{"key":"4135_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2017.2788802","volume":"5","author":"A Yousefpour","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yousefpour A, Ishigaki G, Gour R, Jue JP. Reducing IoT service delays via fog offloading. IEEE Internet Things J. 2018;5:998\u20131010.","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J"},{"key":"4135_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sysarc.2019.02.009","volume":"98","author":"A Yousefpour","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yousefpour A, Fung C, Nguyen T, Kadiyala K, Jalali F, Niakanlahiji A, Kong J, Jue JP. All one needs to know about fog computing and related edge computing paradigms: a complete survey. J Syst Archit. 2019;98:289\u2013330.","journal-title":"J Syst Archit"},{"key":"4135_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47980","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2866491","volume":"6","author":"RK Naha","year":"2018","unstructured":"Naha RK, Garg S, Georgakopoulos D, Jayaraman PP, Gao L, Xiang Y, Ranjan R. Fog computing: survey of trends, architectures, requirements, and research directions. IEEE Access. 2018;6:47980\u20138009.","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"4135_CR5","unstructured":"The NIST definition of cloud computing (2011). http:\/\/faculty.winthrop.edu\/domanm\/csci411\/Handouts\/NIST.pdf"},{"key":"4135_CR6","first-page":"1","volume":"75","author":"S Hakak","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hakak S, Latif SA, Amin G. A review on mobile cloud computing and issues in it. Int J Comput Appl. 2013;75:1\u20134.","journal-title":"Int J Comput Appl"},{"key":"4135_CR7","unstructured":"Singh S, Chana I, Buyya R. Agri-info: cloud based autonomic system for delivering agriculture as a service (2015). arXiv:1511.08986"},{"key":"4135_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Babou CSM, Sane BO, Diane I, Niang I. Home edge computing architecture for smart and sustainable agriculture and breeding. In: Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on networking, information systems security, Rabat, Morocco, 27\u201319 March 2019. pp. 1\u20137.","DOI":"10.1145\/3320326.3320377"},{"key":"4135_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sakthi U, Rose JD. Smart agricultural knowledge discovery system using IoT technology and fog computing. In: Proceedings of the 2020 third international conference on smart systems and inventive technology (ICSSIT), Tirunelveli, India, 20\u201322 Aug 2020. pp. 48\u201353.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSSIT48917.2020.9214102"},{"key":"4135_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baghrous M, Ezzouhairi A, Benamar N. Smart farming system based on fog computing and LoRa technology. In: Embedded systems and artificial intelligence; Springer: Fez, Morocco. 2020. pp. 217\u2013225.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-0947-6_21"},{"key":"4135_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102047","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2019.102047","volume":"98","author":"RS Alonso","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alonso RS, Sitt\u00f3n-Candanedo I, Garc\u00eda \u00d3, Prieto J, Rodr\u00edguez-Gonz\u00e1lez S. An intelligent edge-IoT platform for monitoring livestock and crops in a dairy farming scenario. Ad Hoc Netw. 2020;98:102047.","journal-title":"Ad Hoc Netw"},{"key":"4135_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.3390\/app10041544","volume":"10","author":"KS Lee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lee KS. Learning entrusted leaf fog node rusted t-fog nodes (DLEFN) based smart agriculture. Appl Sci. 2020;10:1544.","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"key":"4135_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156237","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2949703","volume":"7","author":"MS Farooq","year":"2019","unstructured":"Farooq MS, Riaz S, Abid A, Abid K, Naeem MA. A survey on the role of IoT in agriculture for the implementation of smart farming. IEEE Access. 2019;7:156237\u201371.","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"4135_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8904","DOI":"10.3390\/app10248904","volume":"10","author":"AI Montoya-Munoz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Montoya-Munoz AI, Rendon OMC. An approach based on fog computing for providing reliability in IoT data collection: a case Study in a Colombian Coffee Smart Farm. Appl Sci. 2020;10:8904.","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"key":"4135_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suresh Kumar K, Balakrishnan S, Janet J.  A cloud-based prototype for the monitoring and predicting of data in\nprecision agriculture based on internet of everything. J  Ambient Intell  Humanized Comput. 2021;12:8719-8730.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12652-020-02632-5"},{"key":"4135_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khattab A, Abdelgawad A, Yelmarthi K. Design and implementation of a cloud-based IoT scheme for precision agriculture. In: 28th International conference on microelectronics (ICM) of 2016 electronics (ICM), 17\u201320 December 2016. pp. 201\u20134.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICM.2016.7847850"},{"key":"4135_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2018.04.106","volume":"130","author":"K Foughali","year":"2018","unstructured":"Foughali K, Fathallah K, Frihida A. Using cloud IOT for disease prevention in precision agriculture. Procedia Comput Sci. 2018;130:575\u201382.","journal-title":"Procedia Comput Sci"},{"key":"4135_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vatari S, Bakshi A, Thakur T. Green house by using IOT and cloud computing. In: Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE international conference on recent trends in electronics, information communication technology (RTEICT), Bangalore, India, 20\u201321 May 2016; pp. 246\u2013250.","DOI":"10.1109\/RTEICT.2016.7807821"},{"key":"4135_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gia TN, Qingqing L, Queralta JP, Zou Z, Tenhunen H, Westerlund T. Edge AI in smart farming IoT: CNNs at the edge and fog computing with LoRa. In Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE AFRICON, Accra, Ghana, 25\u201327 Sept 2019.","DOI":"10.1109\/AFRICON46755.2019.9134049"},{"issue":"9","key":"4135_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2188","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2018.2813798","volume":"67","author":"P Ferrari","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ferrari P, Flammini A, Sisinni E, Rinaldi S, Brand\u00e3o D, Rocha MS. Delay estimation of industrial IoT applications based on messaging protocols. IEEE Trans Instrum Meas. 2018;67(9):2188\u201399.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Instrum Meas"},{"issue":"3","key":"4135_CR21","first-page":"971","volume":"24","author":"ES Mohamed","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mohamed ES, Belal AA, Abd-Elmabod SK, El-Shirbeny MA, Gad A, Zahran MB. Smart farming for improving agricultural management. Egypt J Remote Sens Space Sci. 2021;24(3):971\u201381.","journal-title":"Egypt J Remote Sens Space Sci"},{"key":"4135_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-3144-8_5","volume":"16","author":"WJ Rawls","year":"1991","unstructured":"Rawls WJ, Gish TJ, Brakensiek DL. Estimating soil water retention from soil physical properties and characteristics. Adv Soil Sci. 1991;16:213\u201334.","journal-title":"Adv Soil Sci"},{"key":"4135_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2021.106635","volume":"192","author":"AF Jim\u00e9nez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jim\u00e9nez AF, C\u00e1rdenas PF, Jim\u00e9nez F. Intelligent IoT-multiagent precision irrigation approach for improving water use efficiency in irrigation systems at farm and district scales. Comput Electron Agric. 2022;192:106635.","journal-title":"Comput Electron Agric"},{"key":"4135_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gloria A, Dionisio C, Sim\u00f5es G, Sebasti\u00e3o P, Souto N. WSN application for sustainable water management in irrigation systems. In: 2019 IEEE 5th world forum on internet of things (WF-IoT). IEEE; 2019. pp. 833\u20136.","DOI":"10.1109\/WF-IoT.2019.8767278"},{"issue":"30","key":"4135_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3","DOI":"10.4108\/eetiot.v8i30.384","volume":"8","author":"N Chakraborty","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chakraborty N, Mukherjee A, Bhadra M. Smart gardening: a solution to your gardening issues. EAI Endorsed Trans Internet Things. 2022;8(30):e3.","journal-title":"EAI Endorsed Trans Internet Things"},{"key":"4135_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2016.07.275","volume":"93","author":"I Mohanraj","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mohanraj I, Ashokumar K, Naren J. Field monitoring and automation using IOT in agriculture domain. Procedia Comput Sci. 2016;93:931\u20139.","journal-title":"Procedia Comput Sci"},{"key":"4135_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2842","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2023.01.255","volume":"218","author":"R Aarthi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Aarthi R, Sivakumar D, Mariappan V. Smart soil property analysis using IoT: a case study implementation in backyard gardening. Procedia Comput Sci. 2023;218:2842\u201351.","journal-title":"Procedia Comput Sci"},{"key":"4135_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mandal S, Ali I, Saha S. IoT in agriculture: smart farming using MQTT protocol through cost-effective heterogeneous sensors. In: Proceedings of international conference on frontiers in computing and systems: COMSYS 2020. Springer Singapore; 2021. pp. 903\u201313.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-7834-2_85"},{"key":"4135_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khriji S, El Houssaini D, Kammoun I, Kanoun O. Precision irrigation: an IoT-enabled wireless sensor network for smart irrigation systems. In: Women in precision agriculture: technological breakthroughs, challenges and aspirations for a prosperous and sustainable future. 2021. pp. 107\u201329.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-49244-1_6"},{"key":"4135_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aryanto IKAA, Huizen RR, Aryanto KYE. Design of soil humidity monitoring system using the internet of things concept and MQTT. In: 2020 International conference on smart technology and applications (ICoSTA). IEEE; 2020. pp. 1\u20136.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICoSTA48221.2020.1570611115"},{"key":"4135_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smirnov AN. The choice of the cost parameter in the PELT method for determining the change points for time series parameters in the hidden channel model. In: 2023 5th International youth conference on radio electronics, electrical and power engineering (REEPE).","DOI":"10.1109\/REEPE57272.2023.10086883"},{"key":"4135_CR32","unstructured":"https:\/\/mqtt.org\/"},{"key":"4135_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Degeler V, Lazovik A. Cost-efficient context-aware rule maintenance. In: 2012 IEEE international conference on pervasive computing and communications workshops. IEEE; 2012. pp. 608\u201312.","DOI":"10.1109\/PerComW.2012.6197587"}],"container-title":["SN Computer Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s42979-025-04135-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s42979-025-04135-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s42979-025-04135-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,7]],"date-time":"2025-09-07T13:12:54Z","timestamp":1757250774000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s42979-025-04135-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["4135"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s42979-025-04135-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["2661-8907"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2661-8907"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 April 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 June 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Research Involving Human and \/or Animals"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed Consent"}}],"article-number":"660"}}