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SCI."],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Variations in key climatic factors, such as temperature and atmospheric pressure, have a significant influence on the distribution of precipitation, leading to extreme events such as droughts, floods, heat or cold waves. This research aims to analyze spatiotemporally the seasonal distribution of precipitation and its relationship with ENSO 2015 in the Southern Cone countries of Argentina, Chile and Uruguay (1980\u20132015). Methodologically, it presents a statistical-quantitative approach channeled through analysis of monthly climate time series and regional spatial resolution. ERA5 reanalysis data provided by the Copernicus Climate Change Service for the periods 1980\u20132015 were used to determine and correlate climate anomalies in monthly continental precipitation (TP) and sea surface temperature (SST, in kelvin), which were processed and statistically analyzed using RStudio x64 (version 2023.06) and Microsoft Excel<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> 2016. The results revealed that ENSO showed an increase in temperature for all months corresponding to 2015, with January (1.09) and November (2.92) having the highest SST anomaly. The least warm quarter corresponds to January, February, and March, while the warmest corresponds to October, November, and December, generating a turning point with increases of 1\u00b0 to 3\u00a0\u00b0C. In contrast, during the third quarter, positive anomalies were distributed from the El Ni\u00f1o 3.4 region to the El Ni\u00f1o 1\u2009+\u20092 region, with a higher concentration in the El Ni\u00f1o 3.4 region.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s42979-025-04362-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T12:10:33Z","timestamp":1759752633000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Spatiotemporal Analysis of the Seasonal Distribution of Precipitation and its Relationship with ENSO 2015 in Argentina, Chile and Uruguay (1980\u20132015)"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7042-1551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esjeisson Rafael","family":"Toncel-Manotas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2060-9978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose Luis","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez-Redondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8506-094X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dino Carmelo","family":"Manco-Jaraba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"4362_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Deng S, Chen T, Yang N, Qu L, Li M, Chen D. 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On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no Conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}}],"article-number":"878"}}