{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T12:54:38Z","timestamp":1765198478637,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765152000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765152000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["SN COMPUT. SCI."],"DOI":"10.1007\/s42979-025-04521-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T12:50:20Z","timestamp":1765198220000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["InsurTech Innovation and Insurance Performance: A Technology-Driven Analysis of Digital Transformation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Xie","family":"Yi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4700-9654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nurul Shahnaz","family":"Mahdzan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rozaimah","family":"Zainudin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"4521_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1007\/s42979-023-02462-0","volume":"5","author":"S Ahmad","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ahmad S, Saxena C, Islam S, Karim R. Impact of insur-tech on the premium performance of insurance business. SN Comput Sci. 2024;5(1):138.","journal-title":"SN Comput Sci"},{"key":"4521_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1057\/gpp.2011.10","volume":"36","author":"S Ashby","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ashby S. Risk management and the global banking crisis: lessons for insurance solvency regulation. Geneva Papers Risk Insurance-Issues Practice. 2011;36:330\u201347.","journal-title":"Geneva Papers Risk Insurance-Issues Practice"},{"key":"4521_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.frl.2020.101748","volume":"37","author":"S Baek","year":"2020","unstructured":"Baek S, Mohanty SK, Glambosky M. COVID-19 and stock market volatility: an industry level analysis. Financ Res Lett. 2020;37:101748. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.frl.2020.101748.","journal-title":"Financ Res Lett"},{"issue":"3","key":"4521_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1108\/JFRC-02-2017-0027","volume":"25","author":"C Baker","year":"2017","unstructured":"Baker C, Cummings C, Jagtiani J. The impacts of financial regulations: solvency and liquidity in the post-crisis period. J Financ Regul Compliance. 2017;25(3):253\u201370.","journal-title":"J Financ Regul Compliance"},{"issue":"1","key":"4521_CR5","first-page":"99","volume":"17","author":"J Barney","year":"1991","unstructured":"Barney J. Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. J Manage. 1991;17(1):99\u2013120.","journal-title":"J Manage"},{"key":"4521_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chieco.2023.102004","volume":"80","author":"W Bian","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bian W, Ge T, Ji Y, Wang X. How is Fintech reshaping the traditional financial markets? New evidence from InsurTech and insurance sectors in China. China Econ Rev. 2023;80:102004.","journal-title":"China Econ Rev"},{"key":"4521_CR7","volume-title":"The current InsurTech landscape: Business models and disruptive potential","author":"A Braun","year":"2017","unstructured":"Braun A, Schreiber F. The current InsurTech landscape: Business models and disruptive potential. I. VW HSG Schriftenreihe; 2017."},{"key":"4521_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cappiello A, (2018) Digital disruption and insurtech start-ups: risks and challenges. Technology and the insurance industry: re-configuring the competitive landscape, 29\u201350.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-74712-5_3"},{"key":"4521_CR9","first-page":"2018","volume":"10","author":"T Catlin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Catlin T, Lorenz JT, Nandan J, Sharma S, Waschto A. Insurance beyond digital: the rise of ecosystems and platforms. McKinsey Company. 2018;10:2018.","journal-title":"McKinsey Company"},{"key":"4521_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chatzara, V. (2020). FinTech, InsurTech, and the regulators. InsurTech: a legal and regulatory view, 3\u201325.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-27386-6_1"},{"key":"4521_CR11","unstructured":"China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission (CBIRC). (2022). Annual Report of China\u2019s Insurance Industry Development 2021."},{"key":"4521_CR12","unstructured":"China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission (CBIRC) (2024) Annual Report of China\u2019s Insurance Industry Development 2023."},{"key":"4521_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ching KH, Teoh AP, Amran A. (2020) A conceptual model of technology factors to InsurTech adoption by value chain activities. In\u00a02020 IEEE Conference on e-Learning, e-Management and e-Services (IC3e)\u00a0(pp. 88\u201392). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/IC3e50159.2020.9288465"},{"issue":"1","key":"4521_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1177\/1536867X20909691","volume":"20","author":"S Correia","year":"2020","unstructured":"Correia S, Guimar\u00e3es P, Zylkin T. Fast Poisson estimation with high-dimensional fixed effects. Stata J. 2020;20(1):95\u2013115.","journal-title":"Stata J"},{"key":"4521_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cummins JD, Dionne G, Gagn\u00e9 R, Nouira A. The costs and benefits of reinsurance. Gen Pap Risk Ins Iss Pract. 2021;46(2):177\u2013199.","DOI":"10.1057\/s41288-021-00216-8"},{"issue":"1","key":"4521_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/jori.12330","volume":"89","author":"JD Cummins","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cummins JD, Weiss MA. Technology and the transformation of insurance markets. J Risk Insur. 2022;89(1):5\u201334.","journal-title":"J Risk Insur"},{"issue":"3","key":"4521_CR17","first-page":"304","volume":"46","author":"J Dexe","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dexe J, Franke U, Rad A. Transparency and insurance professionals: a study of Swedish insurance practice attitudes and future development. Geneva Papers Risk Insurance-Issues Practice. 2021;46(3):304\u201326.","journal-title":"Geneva Papers Risk Insurance-Issues Practice"},{"issue":"2","key":"4521_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.2307\/2095101","volume":"48","author":"PJ DiMaggio","year":"1983","unstructured":"DiMaggio PJ, Powell WW. The iron cage revisited: institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields. Am Sociol Rev. 1983;48(2):147\u201360.","journal-title":"Am Sociol Rev"},{"key":"4521_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Douglas G, Noss J, Vause N (2017) The impact of solvency II regulations on life insurers' investment behaviour","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.2999604"},{"key":"4521_CR20","unstructured":"EIOPA (2020) Consultation paper on the opinion on the 2020 review of solvency II. EIOPA-BoS-19\/465, European insurance and occupational pensions authority."},{"issue":"3","key":"4521_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1057\/s41288-017-0073-0","volume":"43","author":"M Eling","year":"2018","unstructured":"Eling M, Lehmann M. The impact of digitalization on the insurance value chain and the insurability of risks. Geneva Papers Risk Insurance-Issues Practice. 2018;43(3):359\u201396.","journal-title":"Geneva Papers Risk Insurance-Issues Practice"},{"key":"4521_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1057\/s41288-017-0046-3","volume":"43","author":"DW Fung","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fung DW, Jou D, Shao AJ, Yeh JJ. The China risk-oriented solvency system: a comparative assessment with other risk-based supervisory frameworks. Geneva Papers Risk Insurance-Issues Practice. 2018;43:16\u201336.","journal-title":"Geneva Papers Risk Insurance-Issues Practice"},{"key":"4521_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2023.138597","volume":"425","author":"AM Hasan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hasan AM, Trianni A. Boosting the adoption of industrial energy efficiency measures through Industry 4.0 technologies to improve operational performance. J Clean Prod. 2023;425:138597.","journal-title":"J Clean Prod"},{"issue":"3","key":"4521_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2018.1488086","volume":"57","author":"D Ivanov","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ivanov D, Dolgui A, Sokolov B. The impact of digital technology and Industry 4.0 on the ripple effect and supply chain risk analytics. Int J Prod Res. 2019;57(3):829\u201346.","journal-title":"Int J Prod Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"4521_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tbench.2022.100073","volume":"2","author":"M Javaid","year":"2022","unstructured":"Javaid M, Haleem A, Singh RP, Suman R, Khan S. A review of blockchain technology applications for financial services. Bench Council Transactions Benchmarks Standards Evaluations. 2022;2(3):100073.","journal-title":"Bench Council Transactions Benchmarks Standards Evaluations"},{"key":"4521_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pacfin.2022.101731","volume":"72","author":"Y Ji","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ji Y, Shi L, Zhang S. Digital finance and corporate bankruptcy risk: evidence from China. Pac Basin Financ J. 2022;72:101731.","journal-title":"Pac Basin Financ J"},{"key":"4521_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jia R, Wu Z, Zhao Y. Adverse impact of capital regulatory reform and policyremedy: theory and evidence. Eur. J Fin. 2025;31(3):348\u2013381.","DOI":"10.1080\/1351847X.2024.2360527"},{"key":"4521_CR28","first-page":"547","volume":"5","author":"BP Kasaraneni","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kasaraneni BP. Advanced artificial intelligence techniques for predictive analytics in life insurance: enhancing risk assessment and pricing accuracy. Distrib Learn Broad Appl Sci Res. 2019;5:547\u201388.","journal-title":"Distrib Learn Broad Appl Sci Res"},{"key":"4521_CR29","unstructured":"Lakkaraju, S. The Convergence of Insurance and Banking Technologies: Transforming Financial Services. J. Eng. Comp. Sci. 2025;4(8):474\u2013481."},{"issue":"3","key":"4521_CR30","first-page":"392","volume":"56","author":"H Leibenstein","year":"1966","unstructured":"Leibenstein H. Allocative efficiency vs. \u201cX-efficiency.\u201d Am Econ Rev. 1966;56(3):392\u2013415.","journal-title":"Am Econ Rev"},{"key":"4521_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1057\/gpp.2009.12","volume":"34","author":"JT Leverty","year":"2009","unstructured":"Leverty JT, Lin Y, Zhou H. WTO and the Chinese insurance industry. Geneva Papers Risk Insurance-Issues Practice. 2009;34:440\u201365.","journal-title":"Geneva Papers Risk Insurance-Issues Practice"},{"issue":"08","key":"4521_CR32","first-page":"110","volume":"40","author":"H Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li H, Qi Y. How does the \u201cC-ROSS II\u201d affect the investment income of insurance companies? - Based on panel data research of 85 insurance companies. Invest Res. 2021;40(08):110\u201329.","journal-title":"Invest Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"4521_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intman.2009.05.003","volume":"16","author":"PP Li","year":"2010","unstructured":"Li PP. Toward a learning-based view of internationalization: the accelerated trajectories of cross-border learning for latecomers. J Int Manag. 2010;16(1):43\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intman.2009.05.003.","journal-title":"J Int Manag"},{"key":"4521_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li S, Tong Z. Tripartite evolutionary game and simulation of solvencysupervision under C\u2010ROSS II based on prospect theory. Manag. Decis. Econ. 2025;46(1):515\u2013528.","DOI":"10.1002\/mde.4388"},{"key":"4521_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00036846.2024.2342071","author":"H Liang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liang H, Luan X, Guo J, Lan Q. Partner diversity and the survival of joint ventures. Appl Econ. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00036846.2024.2342071.","journal-title":"Appl Econ"},{"key":"4521_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pacfin.2023.102059","volume":"80","author":"YL Ma","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ma YL, Ren Y. InsurTech\u2014promise, threat or hype? Insights from stock market reaction to InsurTech innovation. Pac Basin Financ J. 2023;80:102059. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pacfin.2023.102059.","journal-title":"Pac Basin Financ J"},{"issue":"1","key":"4521_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.17261\/Pressacademia.2018.779","volume":"5","author":"YT Mutiara","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mutiara YT, Zakaria A, Anggraini R. The influence of company size, company profit, solvency and CPA firm size on audit report lag. Pressacademia. 2018;5(1):1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17261\/Pressacademia.2018.779.","journal-title":"Pressacademia"},{"issue":"1","key":"4521_CR38","first-page":"227","volume":"2","author":"VSP Nimmagadda","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nimmagadda VSP. Artificial intelligence for customer behavior analysis in insurance: advanced models, techniques, and real-world applications. J AI Healthcare Med. 2022;2(1):227\u201363.","journal-title":"J AI Healthcare Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"4521_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1013104805703","volume":"27","author":"C Oughton","year":"2002","unstructured":"Oughton C, Landabaso M, Morgan K. The regional innovation paradox: innovation policy and industrial policy. J Technol Transf. 2002;27(1):97\u2013110.","journal-title":"J Technol Transf"},{"key":"4521_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2019.119779","volume":"151","author":"M Palmi\u00e9","year":"2020","unstructured":"Palmi\u00e9 M, Wincent J, Parida V, Caglar U. The evolution of the financial technology ecosystem: an introduction and agenda for future research on disruptive innovations in ecosystems. Technol Forecast Soc Change. 2020;151:119779.","journal-title":"Technol Forecast Soc Change"},{"issue":"7","key":"4521_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1007\/s10198-021-01344-7","volume":"22","author":"X Qian","year":"2021","unstructured":"Qian X. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on insurance demand: the case of China. Eur J Health Econ. 2021;22(7):1017\u201324.","journal-title":"Eur J Health Econ"},{"issue":"3","key":"4521_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1108\/JOPP-12-2019-0082","volume":"21","author":"K Selviaridis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Selviaridis K. Effects of public procurement of R&D on the innovation process: evidence from the UK small business research initiative. J Public Procure. 2021;21(3):229\u201359.","journal-title":"J Public Procure"},{"issue":"1","key":"4521_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1111\/rmir.12203","volume":"25","author":"I Sosa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sosa I, Montes \u00d3. Understanding the InsurTech dynamics in the transformation of the insurance sector. Risk Manag Insur Rev. 2022;25(1):35\u201368.","journal-title":"Risk Manag Insur Rev"},{"key":"4521_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1007\/s12525-018-0304-7","volume":"28","author":"E Stoeckli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Stoeckli E, Dremel C, Uebernickel F. Exploring characteristics and transformational capabilities of InsurTech innovations to understand insurance value creation in a digital world. Electron Mark. 2018;28:287\u2013305.","journal-title":"Electron Mark"},{"issue":"1","key":"4521_CR45","first-page":"108","volume":"36","author":"M Sun","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sun M, Pei P, He T. Research on insurance technology, operational efficiency and transmission mechanism. East China Econ Manag. 2022;36(1):108\u201318.","journal-title":"East China Econ Manag"},{"key":"4521_CR46","unstructured":"Swiss Re Institute (2022) Digital transformation in China\u2019s insurance industry: trends and implications."},{"key":"4521_CR47","unstructured":"Thompson, C. Financial risk management. The Risk Management Handbook: A Practical Guide to Managing the Multiple Dimensions of Risk. 2023;72"},{"key":"4521_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2021.04.030","volume":"187","author":"Q Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang Q. The impact of insurtech on Chinese insurance industry. Procedia Comput Sci. 2021;187:30\u20135.","journal-title":"Procedia Comput Sci"},{"key":"4521_CR49","first-page":"35","volume":"10","author":"R Wanyan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wanyan R, Suo L. InsurTech\u2019s impact on China\u2019s insurance industry. J Financ Res. 2019;10:35\u201346.","journal-title":"J Financ Res"},{"key":"4521_CR50","first-page":"135","volume":"1","author":"OE Williamson","year":"1989","unstructured":"Williamson OE. Transaction cost economics. Handb Ind Organ. 1989;1:135\u201382.","journal-title":"Handb Ind Organ"},{"key":"4521_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jengtecman.2020.101590","volume":"57","author":"PJ Williamson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Williamson PJ, Wan F, Eden Y, Linan L. Is disruptive innovation in emerging economies different? Evidence from China. J Eng Technol Manag. 2020;57:101590. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jengtecman.2020.101590.","journal-title":"J Eng Technol Manag"},{"key":"4521_CR52","unstructured":"Willis Towers Watson (2022) WTW Reports Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2021 Earnings."},{"key":"4521_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu S, Li Y. Impact of the business structure on solvency of property\u2010liabilityinsurance companies and its mediating effect. Discrete Dyn. Nature Soc. 2021:1:5457846.","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5457846"},{"key":"4521_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1033863","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1033863","volume":"10","author":"X Wu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wu X, Wang C, Wen HX, Nie PY, Ye JF. The impacts of COVID-19 on China insurance industry\u2014an empirical analysis based on event study. Front Public Health. 2022;10:1033863.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"4521_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1111\/rmir.12161","volume":"23","author":"X Xu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xu X, Zweifel P. A framework for the evaluation of InsurTech. Risk Manag Insur Rev. 2020;23(4):305\u201329.","journal-title":"Risk Manag Insur Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"4521_CR56","first-page":"102","volume":"27","author":"M Yan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yan M, Li J, Zhang H. InsurTech adoption and customer satisfaction in the Chinese insurance market. J Financ Serv Mark. 2022;27(2):102\u201316.","journal-title":"J Financ Serv Mark"},{"key":"4521_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbef.2022.100739","volume":"36","author":"A Zarifis","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zarifis A, Cheng X. A model of trust in Fintech and trust in Insurtech: how artificial intelligence and the context influence it. J Behav Exp Finance. 2022;36:100739.","journal-title":"J Behav Exp Finance"},{"key":"4521_CR58","first-page":"128","volume":"4","author":"H Zhou","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhou H, Zhang J. Reform of solvency supervision system and cost efficiency of insurance companies: based on empirical data of China\u2019s property insurance market. J Financ Res. 2017;4:128\u201342.","journal-title":"J Financ Res"},{"key":"4521_CR59","first-page":"20","volume":"5","author":"H Zhou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhou H, Zhao H. Research on insurance technology and solvency of property insurance companies from the perspective of C-ROSS II. Macroecon Res. 2024;5:20\u201339.","journal-title":"Macroecon Res"}],"container-title":["SN Computer Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s42979-025-04521-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s42979-025-04521-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s42979-025-04521-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T12:50:31Z","timestamp":1765198231000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s42979-025-04521-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4521"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s42979-025-04521-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["2661-8907"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2661-8907","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 November 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"Not Applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Not Applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Research Involving Human and\/or Animals"}},{"value":"Not Applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed Consent"}}],"article-number":"1002"}}