{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T20:20:47Z","timestamp":1770063647548,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769990400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769990400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["SN COMPUT. SCI."],"DOI":"10.1007\/s42979-026-04748-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T09:23:23Z","timestamp":1770024203000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploring New Frontiers in Digital Watermarking and Fingerprinting: A Review of Emerging Security Solutions"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4993-9591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H. Rama","family":"Moorthy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N. S. Krishnaraj","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N. J.","family":"Avinash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B. Ravi","family":"Prakash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Kishore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K. R.","family":"Raghunandan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Karthik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"4748_CR1","unstructured":"Sharma L, Anand A, Trivedi NK, Sharma M, Singh J. Digital video watermarking: features, techniques, and challenges.Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology . Volume 25, Issue 2, 2021;3376\u20133385."},{"key":"4748_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sridhar B, Syambabu V. An importance of crypto-watermarking techniques for secure transmission of multimedia information. In: 2021 3rd International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication (ICPSC), pp. 64\u201366. IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSPC51351.2021.9451766"},{"issue":"4","key":"4748_CR3","first-page":"656","volume":"4","author":"K Sahu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sahu K, Malviya P. A survey on robust image watermarking techniques and different applications. Int J Sci Res Eng Trends. 2018;4(4):656\u20139.","journal-title":"Int J Sci Res Eng Trends"},{"issue":"20","key":"4748_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30165","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-020-08801-0","volume":"80","author":"A Anand","year":"2021","unstructured":"Anand A, Singh AK. Watermarking techniques for medical data authentication: a survey. Multimed Tools Appl. 2021;80(20):30165\u201397.","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"key":"4748_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hashem MI, Alibraheemi K. Literature survey: biometric cryptosystems based on fingerprint processing techniques. In: 2022 International Conference on Data Science and Intelligent Computing (ICDSIC), pp. 2022;198\u2013201. IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDSIC56987.2022.10076184"},{"key":"4748_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramteke K, Anjikar A, Chavhan S. Digital image watermarking based on dwt and svd for fingerprint security. International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Volume 7,Issue 3, . 2019.","DOI":"10.26438\/ijcse\/v7i3.10731078"},{"key":"4748_CR7","unstructured":"Raja K, et al. Fingerprint recognition using minutia score matching. arXiv preprint arXiv:1001.4186. 2010."},{"issue":"2","key":"4748_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1109\/99.388960","volume":"2","author":"A Graps","year":"1995","unstructured":"Graps A. An introduction to wavelets. IEEE Comput Sci Eng. 1995;2(2):50\u201361.","journal-title":"IEEE Comput Sci Eng"},{"key":"4748_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abu-Errub A, Al-Haj A. Optimized dwt-based image watermarking. In: 2008 First International Conference on the Applications of Digital Information and Web Technologies (ICADIWT), 2008;pp. 532\u2013537. IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICADIWT.2008.4664405"},{"key":"4748_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh N, Joshi S, Birla S. Color image watermarking with watermark authentication against false positive detection using svd. In: International Conference on Sustainable Computing in Science, Technology and Management (SUSCOM), 2019;pp. 399\u2013405.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3352328"},{"issue":"3","key":"4748_CR11","first-page":"406","volume":"11","author":"S Bekkouch","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bekkouch S, Faraoun KM. Robust and reversible image watermarking scheme using combined dct-dwt-svd transforms. J Inform Process Syst. 2015;11(3):406\u201320.","journal-title":"J Inform Process Syst"},{"issue":"23","key":"4748_CR12","first-page":"277","volume":"9","author":"R Chaturvedi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chaturvedi R, Sharma A, Dwivedi U, Kumar S, Praveen A. Security enhanced image watermarking using mid-band dct coefficient in ycbcr space. Int J Control Theory Appl. 2016;9(23):277\u201384.","journal-title":"Int J Control Theory Appl"},{"key":"4748_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2014.06.012","volume":"33","author":"NM Makbol","year":"2014","unstructured":"Makbol NM, Khoo BE. A new robust and secure digital image watermarking scheme based on the integer wavelet transform and singular value decomposition. Digital Signal Process. 2014;33:134\u201347.","journal-title":"Digital Signal Process"},{"key":"4748_CR14","unstructured":"Wah CP, Lyu MR. Multimedia security digital video watermarking. Citeseer: Technical report; 2002."},{"key":"4748_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Keyvanpour M-R, Boreiry M. Classification and evaluation of watermarking attacks in the field of video watermarking. In: 2017 5th Iranian Joint Congress on Fuzzy and Intelligent Systems (CFIS), 2017;pp. 24\u201328. IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/CFIS.2017.8003591"},{"key":"4748_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Veli\u010dkovi\u0107 ZS., Milivojevi\u0107, Z., Veli\u010dkovi\u0107 MZ. A secured digital video watermarking in chrominance channel. In: 2018 23rd International Scientific-Professional Conference on Information Technology (IT), 2018;pp. 1\u20134. IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/SPIT.2018.8350858"},{"key":"4748_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1134\/S105466181901022X","volume":"29","author":"B Sridhar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sridhar B. Cross-layered embedding of watermark on image for high authentication. Pattern Recognit Image Anal. 2019;29:194\u20139.","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit Image Anal"},{"key":"4748_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20739","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-016-3971-4","volume":"76","author":"X Liao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liao X, Li K, Yin J. Separable data hiding in encrypted image based on compressive sensing and discrete Fourier transform. Multimed Tools Appl. 2017;76:20739\u201353.","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"key":"4748_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27085","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-017-4743-5","volume":"78","author":"B Lei","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lei B, Zhao X, Lei H, Ni D, Chen S, Zhou F, et al. Multipurpose watermarking scheme via intelligent method and chaotic map. Multimed Tools Appl. 2019;78:27085\u2013107.","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"key":"4748_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mathur E, Mathuria M. Unbreakable digital watermarking using combination of lsb and dct. In: 2017 International Conference of Electronics, Communication and Aerospace Technology (ICECA), vol. 2, 2017; pp. 351\u2013354. IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICECA.2017.8212832"},{"issue":"2","key":"4748_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.21307\/ijanmc-2017-008","volume":"2","author":"W He-Jing","year":"2017","unstructured":"He-Jing W. A dct domain image watermarking method based on matlab. Int J Adv Netw Monit Controls. 2017;2(2):38\u201345.","journal-title":"Int J Adv Netw Monit Controls"},{"issue":"3","key":"4748_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(98)00015-2","volume":"66","author":"M Barni","year":"1998","unstructured":"Barni M, Bartolini F, Cappellini V, Piva A. A dct-domain system for robust image watermarking. Signal Process. 1998;66(3):357\u201372.","journal-title":"Signal Process"},{"issue":"2","key":"4748_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.21307\/ijanmc-2017-008","volume":"2","author":"W He-Jing","year":"2017","unstructured":"He-Jing W. A dct domain image watermarking method based on matlab. Int J Adv Netw Monit Controls. 2017;2(2):38\u201345.","journal-title":"Int J Adv Netw Monit Controls"},{"issue":"2","key":"4748_CR24","first-page":"10","volume":"10","author":"S Sivaganesan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sivaganesan S, Geetha M, Gowthaman T, Pradeepa M. Fingerprint based watermarking using dwt and lsb algorithm. Int J Pharm Res Technol (IJPRT). 2020;10(2):10\u20134.","journal-title":"Int J Pharm Res Technol (IJPRT)"},{"key":"4748_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ashdown M, Flagg M, Sukthankar R, Rehg JM. A flexible projector-camera system for multi-planar displays. In: Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2004. CVPR 2004., vol. 2, p. 2004. IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2004.1315159"},{"key":"4748_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang Z, Lv S, Feng J, Sheng Y. A digital image watermarking algorithm based on chaos and fresnel transform. In: 2012 4th International Conference on intelligent human-machine systems and cybernetics, 2012;vol. 2, pp. 144\u2013148. IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/IHMSC.2012.131"},{"key":"4748_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Panyavaraporn, J., Horkaew, P., Wongtrairat, W.: Qr code watermarking algorithm based on wavelet transform. In: 2013 13th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2013;pp. 791\u2013796. IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCIT.2013.6645969"},{"issue":"9","key":"4748_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1979","DOI":"10.1109\/TVLSI.2020.2999514","volume":"28","author":"A Sengupta","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sengupta A, Rathor M. Securing hardware accelerators for ce systems using biometric fingerprinting. IEEE Trans Very Large Scale Integr (VLSI) Syst. 2020;28(9):1979\u201392.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Very Large Scale Integr (VLSI) Syst"},{"issue":"3","key":"4748_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1109\/TCE.2018.2852265","volume":"64","author":"A Sengupta","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sengupta A, Roy D, Mohanty SP, Corcoran P. Low-cost obfuscated jpeg codec ip core for secure ce hardware. IEEE Trans Consum Electron. 2018;64(3):365\u201374.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Consum Electron"},{"issue":"4","key":"4748_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1109\/LOCS.2019.2942289","volume":"2","author":"A Sengupta","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sengupta A, Rathor M. Crypto-based dual-phase hardware steganography for securing ip cores. IEEE Lett Comput Soc. 2019;2(4):32\u20135.","journal-title":"IEEE Lett Comput Soc"},{"issue":"12","key":"4748_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9500","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2019.2892664","volume":"66","author":"J Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang J, Wen H, Tang L. Improved smoothing frequency shifting and filtering algorithm for harmonic analysis with systematic error compensation. IEEE Trans Industr Electron. 2019;66(12):9500\u20139.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Industr Electron"},{"issue":"12","key":"4748_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9500","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2019.2892664","volume":"66","author":"J Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang J, Wen H, Tang L. Improved smoothing frequency shifting and filtering algorithm for harmonic analysis with systematic error compensation. IEEE Trans Industr Electron. 2019;66(12):9500\u20139.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Industr Electron"},{"key":"4748_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2805","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2021.3065225","volume":"16","author":"Y Gao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gao Y, Wang W, Jin Y, Zhou C, Xu W, Jin Z. Thermotag: a hidden id of 3d printers for fingerprinting and watermarking. IEEE Trans Inf Forensics Secur. 2021;16:2805\u201320.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Inf Forensics Secur"},{"key":"4748_CR34","volume-title":"3D printing: overview, impacts, and the federal role","author":"JF Sargent","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sargent JF, Schwartz R. 3D printing: overview, impacts, and the federal role. Congressional Research Service; 2019."},{"key":"4748_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27218","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2971947","volume":"8","author":"S-Y Yu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yu S-Y, Malawade AV, Chhetri SR, Al Faruque MA. Sabotage attack detection for additive manufacturing systems. IEEE Access. 2020;8:27218\u201331.","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"4748_CR36","first-page":"269","volume-title":"Additive manufacturing and 3d printing state of the industry","author":"T Wohlers","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wohlers T. Additive manufacturing and 3d printing state of the industry, vol. 6. Wohlers Associates Fort Collins CO; 2013. p. 269\u2013375."},{"key":"4748_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suresh K, Pal R, Balasundaram S. Fingerprint based cryptographic key generation. In: Intelligent Data Communication Technologies and Internet of Things: ICICI 2019, 2020;pp. 704\u2013713. Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-34080-3_79"},{"key":"4748_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2016.02.024","volume":"56","author":"Z Jin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jin Z, Teoh ABJ, Goi B-M, Tay Y-H. Biometric cryptosystems: a new biometric key binding and its implementation for fingerprint minutiae-based representation. Pattern Recogn. 2016;56:50\u201362.","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn"},{"issue":"2","key":"4748_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-bmt.2016.0061","volume":"6","author":"S Adamovic","year":"2017","unstructured":"Adamovic S, Milosavljevic M, Veinovic M, Sarac M, Jevremovic A. Fuzzy commitment scheme for generation of cryptographic keys based on iris biometrics. IET Biomet. 2017;6(2):89\u201396.","journal-title":"IET Biomet"},{"key":"4748_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26979","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-017-4528-x","volume":"78","author":"G Panchal","year":"2019","unstructured":"Panchal G, Samanta D, Barman S. Biometric-based cryptography for digital content protection without any key storage. Multimed Tools Appl. 2019;78:26979\u20137000.","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"key":"4748_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2018.01.028","volume":"69","author":"G Panchal","year":"2018","unstructured":"Panchal G, Samanta D. A novel approach to fingerprint biometric-based cryptographic key generation and its applications to storage security. Comput Electric Eng. 2018;69:461\u201378.","journal-title":"Comput Electric Eng"},{"key":"4748_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sarkar A, Singh BK. Cryptographic key generation from cancelable fingerprint templates. In: 2018 4th International Conference on Recent Advances in Information Technology (RAIT), 2018;pp. 1\u20136. IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/RAIT.2018.8389007"},{"issue":"7","key":"4748_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.3390\/math9070730","volume":"9","author":"S Barzut","year":"2021","unstructured":"Barzut S, Milosavljevi\u0107 M, Adamovi\u0107 S, Sara\u010devi\u0107 M, Ma\u010dek N, Gnjatovi\u0107 M. A novel fingerprint biometric cryptosystem based on convolutional neural networks. Mathematics. 2021;9(7):730.","journal-title":"Mathematics"},{"key":"4748_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bakhshi B, Veisi H. End to end fingerprint verification based on convolutional neural network. In: 2019 27th Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE), pp. 2019;1994\u20131998. IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/IranianCEE.2019.8786720"},{"issue":"10","key":"4748_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5725","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-019-04499-w","volume":"32","author":"F Wu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wu F, Zhu J, Guo X. Fingerprint pattern identification and classification approach based on convolutional neural networks. Neural Comput Appl. 2020;32(10):5725\u201334.","journal-title":"Neural Comput Appl"},{"issue":"2","key":"4748_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-bmt.2019.0017","volume":"9","author":"VH Nguyen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nguyen VH, Liu J, Nguyen THB, Kim H. Universal fingerprint minutiae extractor using convolutional neural networks. IET Biomet. 2020;9(2):47\u201357.","journal-title":"IET Biomet"},{"key":"4748_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arora S, Maheshwari N, Bhatia M. Spoofed fingerprint detection based on time series fingerprint image analysis. In: 2018 First International Conference on Secure Cyber Computing and Communication (ICSCCC), 2018;pp. 217\u2013222. IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSCCC.2018.8703334"},{"issue":"9","key":"4748_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2190","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2018.2812193","volume":"13","author":"T Chugh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chugh T, Cao K, Jain AK. Fingerprint spoof buster: use of minutiae-centered patches. IEEE Trans Inf Forensics Secur. 2018;13(9):2190\u2013202.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Inf Forensics Secur"},{"key":"4748_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1007\/s10044-017-0656-1","volume":"21","author":"AS Al-Waisy","year":"2018","unstructured":"Al-Waisy AS, Qahwaji R, Ipson S, Al-Fahdawi S, Nagem TA. A multi-biometric iris recognition system based on a deep learning approach. Pattern Anal Appl. 2018;21:783\u2013802.","journal-title":"Pattern Anal Appl"},{"key":"4748_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kamble P, Raut N, Raut A, Naik S. An innovative approach for data recovery using robust reversible watermarking. In: 2019 3rd International Conference on Trends in Electronics and Informatics (ICOEI), 2019;pp. 1401\u20131404. IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICOEI.2019.8862530"},{"issue":"6","key":"4748_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2018.2851517","volume":"31","author":"D Hu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hu D, Zhao D, Zheng S. A new robust approach for reversible database watermarking with distortion control. IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng. 2018;31(6):1024\u201337.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng"},{"key":"4748_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh A. Dutta MK. A blind & fragile watermarking scheme for tamper detection of medical images preserving roi. In: 2014 International Conference on Medical Imaging, m-Health and Emerging Communication Systems (MedCom), 2014;pp. 230\u2013234. IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/MedCom.2014.7006009"},{"key":"4748_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bommireddipalli A, Sudhish PS. An optical high resolution fingerprint reader for children. In: 2018 International Conference on Bioinformatics and Systems Biology (BSB), 2018;pp. 1\u20135. IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/BSB.2018.8770677"},{"key":"4748_CR54","unstructured":"Sudhish PS. An integrated soft computing approach to a multi-biometric security model. arXiv preprint arXiv:1801.08480. 2018."},{"key":"4748_CR55","unstructured":"Rahmun F, Bausinger O: Best practice fingerprint enrolment standards European visa information system. In: NIST IBPC; 2010."},{"key":"4748_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jain AK, Arora SS, Best-Rowden L, Cao K, Sudhish PS, Bhatnagar A, Koda, Y. Giving infants an identity: fingerprint sensing and recognition. In: Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on information and communication technologies and development, 2016;pp. 1\u20134.","DOI":"10.1145\/2909609.2909612"},{"key":"4748_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luo H, Li L, Li J. Digital watermarking technology for ai-generated images: a survey. Mathematics , Volume 13(4), 651, 2025.","DOI":"10.3390\/math13040651"},{"key":"4748_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu R, Hu M, Lei D, Li Y, Lowe D. Invismark: invisible and robust watermarking for ai-generated image provenance. In: IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV); 2024.","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV61041.2025.00098"},{"key":"4748_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao X, Gunn S, Christ M, Fairoze J, Fabrega A. Sok: watermarking for ai-generated content. In: IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy; 2024.","DOI":"10.1109\/SP61157.2025.00178"},{"key":"4748_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soni A, Kaur K, Sharma C. A review of artificial intelligence in digital watermarking techniques. In: International Conference on Automation and Computation (AUTOCOM). 2025.","DOI":"10.1109\/AUTOCOM64127.2025.10956941"},{"key":"4748_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Verma S, Bhatele M, Waoo AA. Boosting security in the age of artificial intelligence: An in-depth analysis of sophisticated watermarking methods and their challenges. International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering, Volume 12, Special Issue 1, P.No 8-12,. 2024.","DOI":"10.15680\/IJIRCCE.2024.1203502"},{"key":"4748_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thakkar JJ, Kaur A. From deepfakes to digital truths: the role of watermarking in ai-generated image verification. In: International Conference on Telecommunications and Signal Processing. 2024.","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP63128.2024.10605975"},{"key":"4748_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mihailescu E, Chiper D: Watermarking techniques for content integrity verification, tamper detection and forensics in synthetic media. In: International Symposium on Signals, Circuits and Systems. 2025.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSCS66034.2025.11105620"},{"key":"4748_CR64","unstructured":"Wen Y, Kirchenbauer J, Geiping J, Goldstein T. Tree-ring watermarks: fingerprints for diffusion images that are invisible and robust. arXiv preprint 2023. https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2305.20030}"},{"key":"4748_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Islam MR, Hasan MA, Islam ST, Islam N, Hossain ML: Analysis and implementation of digital watermarking using spread spectrum method. In: 2020 International Conference on System, Computation, Automation and Networking (ICSCAN), 2020;pp. 1\u20135. IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSCAN49426.2020.9262285"}],"container-title":["SN Computer Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s42979-026-04748-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s42979-026-04748-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s42979-026-04748-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T09:23:31Z","timestamp":1770024211000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s42979-026-04748-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["4748"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s42979-026-04748-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["2661-8907"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2661-8907","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors of this research article declare that no Conflict of interest in preparing this research article.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"Not applicable","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval and Consent to participate"}},{"value":"All the authors of this paper have shown their Participation voluntarily.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}}],"article-number":"158"}}