{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T17:47:19Z","timestamp":1783619239136,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["SN COMPUT. SCI."],"DOI":"10.1007\/s42979-026-04759-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T09:18:47Z","timestamp":1770110327000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Quantum-Enhanced Chaotic Encryption on FPGA: A Path to Physical-Layer Post-Quantum Security"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Hasibur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parthiv","family":"Debnath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md. Nafis","family":"Jawad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raiyan","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. R. C.","family":"Mahdy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"4759_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1145\/359340.359342","volume":"21","author":"RL Rivest","year":"1978","unstructured":"Rivest RL, Shamir A, Adleman L. A method for obtaining digital signatures and public-key cryptosystems. Commun ACM. 1978;21(2):120\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/359340.359342.","journal-title":"Commun ACM"},{"key":"4759_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Diffie W, Hellman ME. New directions in cryptography. In: Democratizing Cryptography: The Work of Whitfield Diffie and Martin Hellman, (2022):365\u2013390.","DOI":"10.1145\/3549993.3550007"},{"issue":"177","key":"4759_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1090\/s0025-5718-1987-0866109-5","volume":"48","author":"N Koblitz","year":"1987","unstructured":"Koblitz N. Elliptic curve cryptosystems. Math Comput. 1987;48(177):203\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1090\/s0025-5718-1987-0866109-5.","journal-title":"Math Comput"},{"key":"4759_CR4","unstructured":"Dworkin MJ, Barker E, Nechvatal JR, Foti J, Bassham LE, Roback E, Dray\u00a0Jr JF, et al. Advanced encryption standard (aes) (2001)"},{"issue":"5","key":"4759_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1137\/s0097539795293172","volume":"26","author":"PW Shor","year":"1997","unstructured":"Shor PW. Polynomial-Time algorithms for prime factorization and discrete logarithms on a quantum computer. SIAM J Comput. 1997;26(5):1484\u2013509. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1137\/s0097539795293172.","journal-title":"SIAM J Comput"},{"key":"4759_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bonnetain X, Schrottenloher A, Sibleyras F. Beyond quadratic speedups in quantum attacks on symmetric schemes. In: Annual International Conference on the Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques, (2022):315\u2013344. Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-07082-2_12"},{"issue":"7779","key":"4759_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1666-5","volume":"574","author":"F Arute","year":"2019","unstructured":"Arute F, al A. Quantum supremacy using a programmable superconducting processor. Nature. 2019;574(7779):505\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-019-1666-5.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"4759_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-08449-y","author":"R Acharya","year":"2024","unstructured":"Acharya R, Abanin DA, Aghababaie-Beni L, Aleiner I, Andersen TI, Ansmann M, et al. Quantum error correction below the surface code threshold. Nature. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-024-08449-y.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"4759_CR9","unstructured":"Chow J, Dial O, Gambetta J. Ibm quantum breaks the 100-qubit processor barrier. IBM Research Blog (2021):(2)."},{"key":"4759_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Aasen A, David al. Roadmap to fault tolerant quantum computation using topological qubit arrays. arXiv (Cornell University) (2025): https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arxiv.2502.12252.","DOI":"10.48550\/arxiv.2502.12252"},{"issue":"7909","key":"4759_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04623-2","volume":"605","author":"D Joseph","year":"2022","unstructured":"Joseph D, Misoczki R, Manzano M, Tricot J, Pinuaga FD, Lacombe O, et al. Transitioning organizations to post-quantum cryptography. Nature. 2022;605(7909):237\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-022-04623-2.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"21","key":"4759_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3121","DOI":"10.1103\/physrevlett.68.3121","volume":"68","author":"CH Bennett","year":"1992","unstructured":"Bennett CH. Quantum cryptography using any two nonorthogonal states. Phys Rev Lett. 1992;68(21):3121\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/physrevlett.68.3121.","journal-title":"Phys Rev Lett"},{"issue":"6","key":"4759_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1103\/physrevlett.67.661","volume":"67","author":"AK Ekert","year":"1991","unstructured":"Ekert AK. Quantum cryptography based on Bell\u2019s theorem. Phys Rev Lett. 1991;67(6):661\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/physrevlett.67.661.","journal-title":"Phys Rev Lett"},{"key":"4759_CR14","unstructured":"Canto AC, Kaur J, Kermani MM, Azarderakhsh R. Algorithmic security is insufficient: A comprehensive survey on implementation attacks haunting post-quantum security. arXiv preprint arXiv:2305.13544 (2023)."},{"key":"4759_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pquantelec.2024.100551","volume":"99","author":"J Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu J, Le T, Ji T, Yu R, Farfurnik D, Byrd G, et al. The road to quantum internet: Progress in quantum network testbeds and major demonstrations. Prog Quantum Electron. 2024;99:100551. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pquantelec.2024.100551.","journal-title":"Prog Quantum Electron"},{"key":"4759_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sixto A. Xoel\u00a0Navarrete, Pereira M, Curr\u00e1s-Lorenzo G, Tamaki K, Curty M. Quantum key distribution with imperfectly isolated devices. arXiv (Cornell University) (2024): https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arxiv.2411.13948.","DOI":"10.48550\/arxiv.2411.13948"},{"issue":"3","key":"4759_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1017\/s0143385701001420","volume":"21","author":"M Martens","year":"2001","unstructured":"Martens M, De Melo W. Universal models for Lorenz maps. Ergodic Theory Dynam Syst. 2001;21(3):833\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0143385701001420.","journal-title":"Ergodic Theory Dynam Syst"},{"issue":"2","key":"4759_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1109\/81.904880","volume":"48","author":"G Jakimoski","year":"2001","unstructured":"Jakimoski G, Kocarev L. Chaos and cryptography: block encryption ciphers based on chaotic maps. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst I FundamentTheory App. 2001;48(2):163\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/81.904880.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Circuits Syst I FundamentTheory App"},{"issue":"3","key":"4759_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1109\/7384.963463","volume":"1","author":"L Kocarev","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kocarev L. Chaos-based cryptography: a brief overview. IEEE Circuits Syst Mag. 2001;1(3):6\u201321.","journal-title":"IEEE Circuits Syst Mag"},{"issue":"12","key":"4759_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/cc.2017.8246328","volume":"14","author":"L Sun","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sun L, Du Q. Physical layer security with its applications in 5G networks: A review. China Commun. 2017;14(12):1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/cc.2017.8246328.","journal-title":"China Commun"},{"key":"4759_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1109\/ojvt.2023.3245071","volume":"4","author":"M Mitev","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mitev M, Chorti A, Poor HV, Fettweis G. What physical layer security can do for 6G security. IEEE Open J Vehicular Technol. 2023;4:375\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ojvt.2023.3245071.","journal-title":"IEEE Open J Vehicular Technol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4759_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1109\/tcsi.2016.2611561","volume":"64","author":"B Koziel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Koziel B, Azarderakhsh R, Kermani MM, Jao D. Post-Quantum cryptography on FPGA based on isogenies on elliptic curves. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst I Regul Pap. 2016;64(1):86\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tcsi.2016.2611561.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Circuits Syst I Regul Pap"},{"key":"4759_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rahman R, Azad MS, Hasan MR, Shubha SEU, Mahdy MRC. Enhancing the security of image transmission in Quantum era: A Chaos-Assisted QKD Approach using entanglement. arXiv (Cornell University) (2023): https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arxiv.2311.18471.","DOI":"10.48550\/arxiv.2311.18471"},{"key":"4759_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kocarev L, Lian S. Chaos-based Cryptography: Theory, Algorithms and Applications, 1st edn. Springer (2011).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-20542-2"},{"issue":"1","key":"4759_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1080\/0161-118991863745","volume":"13","author":"R Matthews","year":"1989","unstructured":"Matthews R. ON THE DERIVATION OF a \u201cCHAOTIC\u2019\u2019 ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM. Cryptologia. 1989;13(1):29\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0161-118991863745.","journal-title":"Cryptologia"},{"issue":"7","key":"4759_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2395","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-017-3195-1","volume":"31","author":"OM Al-Hazaimeh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Al-Hazaimeh OM, Al-Jamal MF, Alhindawi N, Omari A. Image encryption algorithm based on Lorenz chaotic map with dynamic secret keys. Neural Comput Appl. 2017;31(7):2395\u2013405. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00521-017-3195-1.","journal-title":"Neural Comput Appl"},{"key":"4759_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13369-024-09899-2","author":"BO Yalcin","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yalcin BO, Hematpour N, Birgul OF. Design of the new Classic and Quantum Chaotic maps and implementation on FPGA. Arab J Sci Eng. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13369-024-09899-2.","journal-title":"Arab J Sci Eng"},{"issue":"5","key":"4759_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1007\/s42979-025-04030-0","volume":"6","author":"SM Satre","year":"2025","unstructured":"Satre SM, Joshi B. Enhancing the power of advanced Arnold Cat Map for secure quantum image cryptography. SN Comput Sci. 2025;6(5):503. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s42979-025-04030-0.","journal-title":"SN Comput Sci"},{"key":"4759_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Harris SL, Harris DM. Digital Building Blocks. (2015): 238\u2013293 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/b978-0-12-800056-4.00005-4.","DOI":"10.1016\/b978-0-12-800056-4.00005-4"},{"issue":"4","key":"4759_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-024-10719-0","volume":"57","author":"S Kumar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kumar S, Sharma D. A chaotic based image encryption scheme using elliptic curve cryptography and genetic algorithm. Artif Intell Rev. 2024;57(4):87. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10462-024-10719-0.","journal-title":"Artif Intell Rev"},{"key":"4759_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li C, Zhou Q, Liu Y, Yao Q. Cost-Efficient Data Cryptographic Engine Based on FPGA. 2011 Fourth International Conference on Ubi-Media Computing. (2011):48\u201352 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/u-media.2011.14","DOI":"10.1109\/u-media.2011.14"},{"issue":"20","key":"4759_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3226","DOI":"10.1109\/jlt.2012.2217394","volume":"30","author":"H-F Zhang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhang H-F, Wang J, Cui K, Luo C-L, Lin S-Z, Zhou L, et al. A Real-Time QKD system based on FPGA. J Lightwave Technol. 2012;30(20):3226\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/jlt.2012.2217394.","journal-title":"J Lightwave Technol"},{"issue":"16","key":"4759_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3427","DOI":"10.1109\/jlt.2018.2843136","volume":"36","author":"Z Yuan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yuan Z, Murakami A, Kujiraoka M, Lucamarini M, Tanizawa Y, Sato H, et al. 10-Mb\/s Quantum Key Distribution. J Lightwave Technol. 2018;36(16):3427\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/jlt.2018.2843136.","journal-title":"J Lightwave Technol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4759_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7275","DOI":"10.1038\/srep07275","volume":"4","author":"AR Dixon","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dixon AR, Sato H. High speed and adaptable error correction for megabit\/s rate quantum key distribution. Sci Rep. 2014;4(1):7275. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep07275.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"4759_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/tqe.2022.3143997","volume":"3","author":"A Stanco","year":"2022","unstructured":"Stanco A, Santagiustina FBL, Calderaro L, Avesani M, Bertapelle T, Dequal D, et al. Versatile and concurrent FPGA-Based architecture for practical quantum communication systems. IEEE Trans Quantum Eng. 2022;3:1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tqe.2022.3143997.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Quantum Eng"},{"issue":"1","key":"4759_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1109\/jlt.2022.3214440","volume":"41","author":"B-Z Yan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yan B-Z, Li Q, Mao H-K, Xu H-W, El-Latif AAA. Large-Scale and High-Speed FPGA-Based privacy amplification for quantum key distribution. J Lightwave Technol. 2022;41(1):169\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/jlt.2022.3214440.","journal-title":"J Lightwave Technol"},{"key":"4759_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Venkatachalam, N., Shingala, F.P., C, S., S, H.P., S, D., Chandravanshi, P., Singh, R.P.: Scalable QKD postprocessing system with reconfigurable hardware accelerator. IEEE Transactions on Quantum Engineering 4, 1\u201314 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tqe.2023.3326093","DOI":"10.1109\/tqe.2023.3326093"},{"key":"4759_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tqe.2024.3507155","author":"N Chandra","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chandra N, Krishnamurthy PK. FPGA based Synchronization of Frequency Domain Interferometer for QKD. IEEE Trans Quantum Eng. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tqe.2024.3507155.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Quantum Eng"},{"key":"4759_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optcom.2020.126005","volume":"473","author":"J Zong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zong J, Hajomer AAE, Zhang L, Hu W, Yang X. Real-time secure optical OFDM transmission with chaotic data encryption. Optics Commun. 2020;473:126005. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.optcom.2020.126005.","journal-title":"Optics Commun"},{"issue":"3","key":"4759_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1103\/physicsphysiquefizika.1.195","volume":"1","author":"JS Bell","year":"1964","unstructured":"Bell JS. On the Einstein Podolsky Rosen paradox. Physics Physique Fizika. 1964;1(3):195\u2013200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/physicsphysiquefizika.1.195.","journal-title":"Physics Physique Fizika"},{"issue":"25","key":"4759_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1804","DOI":"10.1103\/physrevlett.49.1804","volume":"49","author":"A Aspect","year":"1982","unstructured":"Aspect A, Dalibard J, Roger G. Experimental test of Bell\u2019s inequalities using time- varying analyzers. Phys Rev Lett. 1982;49(25):1804\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/physrevlett.49.1804.","journal-title":"Phys Rev Lett"},{"issue":"21","key":"4759_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/physrevlett.130.213601","volume":"130","author":"V Krutyanskiy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Krutyanskiy V, Canteri M, Meraner M, Bate J, Krcmarsky V, Schupp J, et al. Telecom-Wavelength quantum repeater node based on a Trapped-Ion processor. Phys Rev Lett. 2023;130(21):213601. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/physrevlett.130.213601.","journal-title":"Phys Rev Lett"},{"issue":"15","key":"4759_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1103\/physrevlett.23.880","volume":"23","author":"JF Clauser","year":"1969","unstructured":"Clauser JF, Horne MA, Shimony A, Holt RA. Proposed experiment to test Local Hidden-Variable theories. Phys Rev Lett. 1969;23(15):880\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/physrevlett.23.880.","journal-title":"Phys Rev Lett"},{"issue":"10","key":"4759_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics9101665","volume":"9","author":"P Visconti","year":"2020","unstructured":"Visconti P, Capoccia S, Venere E, Vel\u00e1zquez R, De Fazio R. 10 Clock-Periods Pipelined Implementation of AES-128 Encryption-Decryption Algorithm up to 28 Gbit\/s Real Throughput by Xilinx Zynq UltraScale+ MPSoC ZCU102 Platform. Electronics. 2020;9(10):1665. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/electronics9101665.","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"issue":"3","key":"4759_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-cdt.2014.0101","volume":"9","author":"Q Liu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu Q, Xu Z, Yuan Y. High throughput and secure advanced encryption standard on field programmable gate array with fine pipelining and enhanced key expansion. IET Comput & Digital Tech. 2015;9(3):175\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1049\/iet-cdt.2014.0101.","journal-title":"IET Comput & Digital Tech"},{"key":"4759_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Paul R, Saha S, Zaman JKMSU, Das S, Chakrabarti A, Ghosh R. A simple 1-byte 1-clock RC4 design and its efficient implementation in FPGA coprocessor for secured ethernet communication. arXiv (Cornell University) (2012): https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arxiv.1205.1737.","DOI":"10.48550\/arxiv.1205.1737"},{"key":"4759_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tran TH, Lanante L, Nagao Y, Kurosaki M, Ochi H. Hardware implementation of high throughput rc4 algorithm. In: 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS). (2012):77\u201380 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ISCAS.2012.6272151.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCAS.2012.6272151"},{"key":"4759_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kumari R, Rout T, Saini B, Pandey JG, Karmakar A. An Efficient Hardware Implementation of Elliptic Curve Point Multiplication over GF (2m) on FPGA. (2024):257\u2013271 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-97-3756-7_20 .","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-97-3756-7_20"},{"issue":"1","key":"4759_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6104","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-54839-7","volume":"14","author":"S Priya","year":"2024","unstructured":"Priya S, Abirami SP, Arunkumar B, Mishachandar B. Super-resolution deep neural network (SRDNN) based multi-image steganography for highly secured lossless image transmission. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):6104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-54839-7.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"10","key":"4759_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.camwa.2010.03.017","volume":"59","author":"H Liu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Liu H, Wang X. Color image encryption based on one-time keys and robust chaotic maps. Comput Math App. 2010;59(10):3320\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.camwa.2010.03.017.","journal-title":"Comput Math App"}],"container-title":["SN Computer Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s42979-026-04759-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s42979-026-04759-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s42979-026-04759-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T09:18:50Z","timestamp":1770110330000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s42979-026-04759-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["4759"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s42979-026-04759-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["2661-8907"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2661-8907","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no Conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"Not applicable. This research did not involve human participants, animals, or sensitive data requiring ethical approval.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable. No human participants were involved in this study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"All authors consent to the publication of the study.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Publish"}}],"article-number":"170"}}