{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T15:13:20Z","timestamp":1776093200496,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776038400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776038400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["SN COMPUT. SCI."],"DOI":"10.1007\/s42979-026-04964-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T14:26:47Z","timestamp":1776090407000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Enhancing User Authentication in IoT Using Blockchain-Based Self Sovereign Identity"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Ngangbam","family":"Indrason","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dharmendu Sekhar","family":"Rout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4230-4894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zahid","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"4964_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peivandizadeh A, Adarbah Y, Molavi B, Mohajerzadeh A, Al-Badi H, A. A secure key exchange and authentication scheme for securing communications in the internet of things environment. Future Internet. 2024;16(10):357.","DOI":"10.3390\/fi16100357"},{"key":"4964_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Indrason N, Mawblei M, Jyndiang K, Thakur A.K. A survey on the applications of sdn-based iot network. In: 2023 Second International Conference on Informatics (ICI), IEEE. 2023. pp. 1\u20136.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICI60088.2023.10420869"},{"key":"4964_CR3","first-page":"1","volume":"10","author":"L Megouache","year":"2020","unstructured":"Megouache L, Zitouni A, Djoudi M. Ensuring user authentication and data integrity in multi-cloud environment. HCIS. 2020;10:1\u201320.","journal-title":"HCIS"},{"issue":"7","key":"4964_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1007\/s42979-024-03291-5","volume":"5","author":"S Mishra","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mishra S, Mondal B, Jha RK. Lightweight authentication scheme based on ecc for iot. SN Comput Sci. 2024;5(7):949.","journal-title":"SN Comput Sci"},{"key":"4964_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2024.103838","volume":"224","author":"N Indrason","year":"2024","unstructured":"Indrason N, Saha G. Exploring blockchain-driven security in sdn-based iot networks. J Netw Comput Appl. 2024;224:103838.","journal-title":"J Netw Comput Appl"},{"issue":"8","key":"4964_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1007\/s42979-024-03375-2","volume":"5","author":"A Kumar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kumar A, Goyal SJ, Kumar S, Sharma HK. An improved and effective approach for user attention in the iot through the hybrid lightweight security framework (hlsf) with data mining. SN Comput Sci. 2024;5(8):1021.","journal-title":"SN Comput Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"4964_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1007\/s10586-020-03156-5","volume":"24","author":"Y Ashibani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ashibani Y, Mahmoud QH. Design and evaluation of a user authentication model for iot networks based on app event patterns. Clust Comput. 2021;24(2):837\u201350.","journal-title":"Clust Comput"},{"issue":"1","key":"4964_CR8","first-page":"5747136","volume":"2019","author":"S Kavianpour","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kavianpour S, Shanmugam B, Azam S, Zamani M, Narayana Samy G, De Boer F, et al. A systematic literature review of authentication in internet of things for heterogeneous devices. J Comput Netw Commun. 2019;2019(1):5747136.","journal-title":"J Comput Netw Commun"},{"key":"4964_CR9","volume-title":"Self-Sovereign Identity","author":"A Preukschat","year":"2021","unstructured":"Preukschat A, Reed D. Self-Sovereign Identity. Shelter Island, NY: Manning Publications; 2021."},{"key":"4964_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Addula SR, Tyagi AK, Naithani K, Kumari S. Blockchain-empowered internet of things (iots) platforms for automation in various sectors. Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Digital Twin for Smart Manufacturing, 2024;443\u2013477.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781394303601.ch20"},{"key":"4964_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/13937.001.0001","volume-title":"The internet of things","author":"S Greengard","year":"2021","unstructured":"Greengard S. The internet of things. Cambridge, MA: MIT press; 2021."},{"key":"4964_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumari S, Tyagi AK. Internet of things for smart home: a survey. Digital Twin and Blockchain for Smart Cities. 2024;371\u2013405.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781394303564.ch17"},{"issue":"21","key":"4964_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11645","DOI":"10.3390\/su132111645","volume":"13","author":"M Elhoseny","year":"2021","unstructured":"Elhoseny M, Thilakarathne NN, Alghamdi MI, Mahendran RK, Gardezi AA, Weerasinghe H, et al. Security and privacy issues in medical internet of things: overview, countermeasures, challenges and future directions. Sustainability. 2021;13(21):11645.","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"4964_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2021.102494","volume":"112","author":"AE Omolara","year":"2022","unstructured":"Omolara AE, Alabdulatif A, Abiodun OI, Alawida M, Alabdulatif A, Arshad H. The internet of things security: a survey encompassing unexplored areas and new insights. Comput Secur. 2022;112:102494.","journal-title":"Comput Secur"},{"key":"4964_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Onamade A, Okpaegbe E. The use of self-sovereign identity in blockchain systems. In: Leveraging Blockchain Technology, CRC Press, 2024. pp. 117\u2013129.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003462033-9"},{"key":"4964_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8873429","volume":"2021","author":"R Soltani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Soltani R, Nguyen UT, An A. A survey of self-sovereign identity ecosystem. Secur Commun Networks. 2021;2021:1\u201326.","journal-title":"Secur Commun Networks"},{"key":"4964_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2018.10.002","volume":"30","author":"A M\u00fchle","year":"2018","unstructured":"M\u00fchle A, Gr\u00fcner A, Gayvoronskaya T, Meinel C. A survey on essential components of a self-sovereign identity. Comput Sci Rev. 2018;30:80\u20136.","journal-title":"Comput Sci Rev"},{"key":"4964_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103059","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2931173","volume":"7","author":"MS Ferdous","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ferdous MS, Chowdhury F, Alassafi MO. In search of self-sovereign identity leveraging blockchain technology. IEEE Access. 2019;7:103059\u201379.","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"4964_CR19","unstructured":"Van Bokkem D, Hageman R, Koning G, Nguyen L, Zarin N. Self-sovereign identity solutions: the necessity of blockchain technology. arXiv preprint arXiv:1904.12816 2019."},{"key":"4964_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Naik N, Jenkins P. Self-sovereign identity specifications: Govern your identity through your digital wallet using blockchain technology. In: 2020 8th IEEE International Conference on Mobile Cloud Computing, Services, and Engineering (MobileCloud), IEEE. 2020. pp. 90\u201395","DOI":"10.1109\/MobileCloud48802.2020.00021"},{"key":"4964_CR21","unstructured":"Foundation H. Hyperledger Indy. https:\/\/www.hyperledger.org\/use\/hyperledger-indy. [Online; accessed 15-September-2024]"},{"issue":"2","key":"4964_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-020-03318-7","volume":"77","author":"D Sadhukhan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sadhukhan D, Ray S, Biswas G, Khan MK, Dasgupta M. A lightweight remote user authentication scheme for iot communication using elliptic curve cryptography. J Supercomput. 2021;77(2):1114\u201351.","journal-title":"J Supercomput"},{"issue":"2","key":"4964_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2018.2847447","volume":"6","author":"X Zeng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zeng X, Xu G, Zheng X, Xiang Y, Zhou W. E-aua: An efficient anonymous user authentication protocol for mobile iot. IEEE Internet Things J. 2018;6(2):1506\u201319.","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J"},{"issue":"6","key":"4964_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4900","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2018.2877690","volume":"5","author":"AK Das","year":"2018","unstructured":"Das AK, Wazid M, Kumar N, Vasilakos AV, Rodrigues JJ. Biometrics-based privacy-preserving user authentication scheme for cloud-based industrial internet of things deployment. IEEE Internet Things J. 2018;5(6):4900\u201313.","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J"},{"issue":"4","key":"4964_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2649","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2021.3080461","volume":"9","author":"M Masud","year":"2021","unstructured":"Masud M, Gaba GS, Choudhary K, Hossain MS, Alhamid MF, Muhammad G. Lightweight and anonymity-preserving user authentication scheme for iot-based healthcare. IEEE Internet Things J. 2021;9(4):2649\u201356.","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J"},{"key":"4964_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8836214","volume":"2020","author":"M Yavari","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yavari M, Safkhani M, Kumari S, Kumar S, Chen C-M. An improved blockchain-based authentication protocol for iot network management. Secur Commun Networks. 2020:1\u201316.","journal-title":"Secur Commun Networks"},{"key":"4964_CR27","unstructured":"Shehu A-S. On the compliance of self-sovereign identity with gdpr principles: a critical review. arXiv preprint, 2024. arXiv:2409.03624"},{"key":"4964_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cremers CJ. The scyther tool: verification, falsification, and analysis of security protocols: tool paper. In: International conference on computer aided verification, Berlin: Springer. 2008. pp. 414\u2013418.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-70545-1_38"},{"key":"4964_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Voigt P, Bussche A. The eu general data protection regulation (gdpr). A practical guide, 1st ed., Cham: Springer International Publishing. 2017;10(3152676):10\u20135555","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-57959-7"}],"container-title":["SN Computer Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s42979-026-04964-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s42979-026-04964-z","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s42979-026-04964-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T14:26:54Z","timestamp":1776090414000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s42979-026-04964-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["4964"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s42979-026-04964-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["2661-8907"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2661-8907","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"There is no Conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}}],"article-number":"357"}}