{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T10:08:37Z","timestamp":1776852517561,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]],"date-time":"2024-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710374400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]],"date-time":"2024-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Oper. Res. Forum"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s43069-024-00298-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]],"date-time":"2024-03-14T12:02:40Z","timestamp":1710417760000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Machine Learning-Based Analysis of Academic Performance Determinants in Somaliland: Insights from the 2021\/2022 National Secondary School Exams"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Mohamoud","family":"J. Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Abdisalam","family":"Hassan Muse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"Chesneau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"298_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1300\/J134v06n02_02","volume":"6","author":"J Battle","year":"2002","unstructured":"Battle J, Lewis M (2002) The increasing significance of class: the relative effects of race and socioeconomic status on academic achievement. J Poverty 6(2):21\u201335","journal-title":"J Poverty"},{"key":"298_CR2","unstructured":"Plan, Education Sector Strategic (2017) Republic of Somaliland ministry of education and higher studies"},{"issue":"3","key":"298_CR3","first-page":"45","volume":"5","author":"MK Abdi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Abdi MK (2017) Institutional factors and student performance: a survey on public secondary schools in Hargeisa City, Somaliland. Int J Educ Res 5(3):45\u201354","journal-title":"Int J Educ Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"298_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2152545","DOI":"10.1080\/2331186X.2022.2152545","volume":"9","author":"T Melesse","year":"2022","unstructured":"Melesse T, Obsiye FA (2022) Analysing the education policies and sector strategic plans of Somaliland. Cogent Educ 9(1):2152545","journal-title":"Cogent Educ"},{"issue":"4","key":"298_CR5","first-page":"81","volume":"3","author":"N Ali","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ali N, Jusoff K, Ali S, Mokhtar N, Salamat ASA (2009) The factors influencing students\u2019 performance at Universiti Teknologi Mara Kedah, Malaysia. Management Science and Engineering 3(4):81","journal-title":"Management Science and Engineering"},{"key":"298_CR6","first-page":"1","volume-title":"In: 2020 International Conference on Information Science and Communication Technology (ICISCT)","author":"ES Bhutto","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bhutto ES, Siddiqui IF, Arain QA, Anwar M (2020) Predicting students\u2019 academic performance through supervised machine learning. In: 2020 International Conference on Information Science and Communication Technology (ICISCT). IEEE, pp 1\u20136"},{"issue":"2","key":"298_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1177\/144078302128756543","volume":"38","author":"G Considine","year":"2002","unstructured":"Considine G, Zappal\u00e0 G (2002) The influence of social and economic disadvantage in the academic performance of school students in Australia. J Sociol 38(2):129\u2013148","journal-title":"J Sociol"},{"key":"298_CR8","unstructured":"General Certificate for Secondary Examination Report: GCSE Examination Report (2022). Office of the National Examination and Certification Board, Somaliland, Hargeisa (2022)"},{"key":"298_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tagliaferri L An introduction to machine learning (2017). https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials\/an-introduction-to-machinelearning. Accessed 23 Jun 2022","DOI":"10.1201\/9781315371658-9"},{"key":"298_CR10","volume-title":"Machine learning with R","author":"B Lantz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lantz B (2015) Machine learning with R. Packt Publishing, Birmingham Mumbai"},{"issue":"19","key":"298_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4129","DOI":"10.3390\/math11194129","volume":"11","author":"D Doz","year":"2023","unstructured":"Doz D, Coti\u010d M, Felda D (2023) Random forest regression in predicting students\u2019 achievements and fuzzy grades. Mathematics 11(19):4129","journal-title":"Mathematics"},{"key":"298_CR12","unstructured":"Orji FA, Vassileva J (2022) Machine learning approach for predicting students academic performance and study strategies based on their motivation. Preprint at http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2210.08186"},{"issue":"1","key":"298_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1109\/TLT.2016.2616312","volume":"10","author":"R Conijn","year":"2016","unstructured":"Conijn R, Snijders C, Kleingeld A, Matzat U (2016) Predicting student performance from LMS data: a comparison of 17 blended courses using moodle LMS. IEEE Trans Learn Technol 10(1):17\u201329","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Learn Technol"},{"key":"298_CR14","first-page":"111","volume-title":"In: IEEE Colombian Conference on Applications in Computational Intelligence","author":"B P\u00e9rez","year":"2018","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez B, Castellanos C, Correal D (2018) Predicting student drop-out rates using data mining techniques: a case study. In: IEEE Colombian Conference on Applications in Computational Intelligence. Springer, pp 111\u2013125"},{"issue":"15","key":"298_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2202","DOI":"10.4236\/ce.2016.715217","volume":"7","author":"ME Urrutia-Aguilar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Urrutia-Aguilar ME, Fuentes-Garc\u00eda R, Mart\u00ednez VDM, Beck E, Le\u00f3n SO, Guevara-Guzm\u00e1n R et al (2016) Logistic regression model for the academic performance of first-year medical students in the biomedical area. Creat Educ 7(15):2202","journal-title":"Creat Educ"},{"key":"298_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118548387","volume-title":"Applied logistic regression","author":"DW Hosmer Jr","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hosmer DW Jr, Lemeshow S, Sturdivant RX (2013) Applied logistic regression, vol 398. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ"},{"key":"298_CR17","unstructured":"Makhtar M, Nawang H, Wan\u00a0Shamsuddin SN (2017) Analysis on students performance using Na\u00efve Bayes classifier. J Theor Appl Inf Technol 95(16)"},{"key":"298_CR18","first-page":"909","volume-title":"In: 2017 8th International Conference on Information Technology (ICIT)","author":"IAA Amra","year":"2017","unstructured":"Amra IAA, Maghari AY (2017) Students performance prediction using KNN and Na\u00efve Bayesian. In: 2017 8th International Conference on Information Technology (ICIT). IEEE, pp 909\u2013913"},{"key":"298_CR19","first-page":"238","volume-title":"In: 2020 International Conference on Emerging Smart Computing and Informatics (ESCI)","author":"S Jayaprakash","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jayaprakash S, Krishnan S, Jaiganesh V (2020) Predicting students academic performance using an improved random forest classifier. In: 2020 International Conference on Emerging Smart Computing and Informatics (ESCI). IEEE, pp 238\u2013243"},{"issue":"1","key":"298_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4018\/IJDET.296702","volume":"20","author":"M Nachouki","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nachouki M, Abou Naaj M (2022) Predicting student performance to improve academic advising using the random forest algorithm. International Journal of Distance Education Technologies (IJDET) 20(1):1\u201317","journal-title":"International Journal of Distance Education Technologies (IJDET)"},{"key":"298_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Griffiths K (2008) Evidence-based laboratory medicine: Principles, practice, and outcomes (2nd edn)","DOI":"10.1258\/acb.2008.200805"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"298_CR22","first-page":"83","volume":"29","author":"CM Florkowski","year":"2008","unstructured":"Florkowski CM (2008) Sensitivity, specificity, receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves and likelihood ratios: communicating the performance of diagnostic tests. The Clinical Biochemist Reviews 29(Suppl 1):83","journal-title":"The Clinical Biochemist Reviews"},{"key":"298_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Essa A, Ayad H (2012) Improving student success using predictive models and data visualisations. Res Learn Technol 20","DOI":"10.3402\/rlt.v20i0.19191"},{"issue":"1","key":"298_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s40561-022-00192-z","volume":"9","author":"M Ya\u011fc\u0131","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ya\u011fc\u0131 M (2022) Educational data mining: prediction of students\u2019 academic performance using machine learning algorithms. Smart Learning Environments 9(1):11","journal-title":"Smart Learning Environments"},{"key":"298_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s41118-020-00106-2","volume":"76","author":"FH Bitew","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bitew FH, Nyarko SH, Potter L, Sparks CS (2020) Machine learning approach for predicting under-five mortality determinants in Ethiopia: evidence from the 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey. Genus 76:1\u201316","journal-title":"Genus"},{"key":"298_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-29726-8","volume-title":"Introduction to machine learning & knowledge extraction (make)","author":"A Holzinger","year":"2019","unstructured":"Holzinger A (2019) Introduction to machine learning & knowledge extraction (make). Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"},{"issue":"11","key":"298_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1002692","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002692","volume":"15","author":"H Ashrafian","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ashrafian H, Darzi A (2018) Transforming health policy through machine learning. PLoS Med 15(11):1002692","journal-title":"PLoS Med"}],"container-title":["Operations Research Forum"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s43069-024-00298-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s43069-024-00298-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s43069-024-00298-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]],"date-time":"2024-03-26T06:25:46Z","timestamp":1711434346000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s43069-024-00298-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["298"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43069-024-00298-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2662-2556"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2662-2556","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 December 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 January 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 March 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human participants performed by any of the authors.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"24"}}