{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T06:43:38Z","timestamp":1775976218791,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,6]],"date-time":"2021-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622937600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,6]],"date-time":"2021-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"name":"Gordon Irlam Charitable Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AI Ethics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s43681-021-00065-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,6]],"date-time":"2021-06-06T07:02:21Z","timestamp":1622962941000},"page":"517-528","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Moral consideration of nonhumans in the ethics of artificial intelligence"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"1","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8603-7741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Owe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Seth D.","family":"Baum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"65_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1007\/s11023-018-9482-5","volume":"28","author":"L Floridi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Floridi, L., et al.: AI4People\u2014An ethical framework for a good AI society: opportunities, risks, principles, and recommendations. Mind. Mach. 28(4), 689\u2013707 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11023-018-9482-5","journal-title":"Mind. Mach."},{"key":"65_CR2","volume-title":"Human compatible: artificial intelligence and the problem of control","author":"SJ Russell","year":"2019","unstructured":"Russell, S.J.: Human compatible: artificial intelligence and the problem of control. Viking (2019)"},{"key":"65_CR3","unstructured":"AI for humanity, AI for Humanity. https:\/\/www.aiforhumanity.fr. (Accessed 27 Aug 2020)"},{"key":"65_CR4","unstructured":"AI for humanity, Mila. https:\/\/mila.quebec\/en\/ai-society\/. (Accessed 27 Aug 2020)"},{"key":"65_CR5","unstructured":"Tenets, Partnership on AI. https:\/\/www.partnershiponai.org\/tenets\/. (Accessed 27 Aug 2020)"},{"key":"65_CR6","unstructured":"National Governance Committee for the New Generation Artificial Intelligence (NGCNGAI): Governance principles for the new generation artificial intelligence-Developing responsible artificial intelligence, China Daily. https:\/\/www.chinadaily.com.cn\/a\/201906\/17\/WS5d07486ba3103dbf14328ab7.html (2018). (Accessed 27 Aug 2020)"},{"issue":"3","key":"65_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1023\/B:MIND.0000035461.63578.9d","volume":"14","author":"L Floridi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Floridi, L., Sanders, J.W.: On the morality of artificial agents. Mind. Mach. 14(3), 349\u2013379 (2004). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/B:MIND.0000035461.63578.9d","journal-title":"Mind. Mach."},{"issue":"3","key":"65_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/s10676-010-9235-5","volume":"12","author":"M Coeckelbergh","year":"2010","unstructured":"Coeckelbergh, M.: Robot rights? Towards a social-relational justification of moral consideration. Ethics Inf. Technol. 12(3), 209\u2013221 (2010). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10676-010-9235-5","journal-title":"Ethics Inf. Technol."},{"key":"65_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/11444.001.0001","volume-title":"Robot rights","author":"DJ Gunkel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gunkel, D.J.: Robot rights. MIT Press (2018)"},{"issue":"4","key":"65_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2023","DOI":"10.1007\/s11948-019-00119-x","volume":"26","author":"J Danaher","year":"2020","unstructured":"Danaher, J.: Welcoming robots into the moral circle: A defence of ethical behaviorism. Sci. Eng. Ethics 26(4), 2023\u20132049 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11948-019-00119-x","journal-title":"Sci. Eng. Ethics"},{"key":"65_CR11","first-page":"67","volume-title":"decolonising the digital: technology as cultural practice","author":"A Abdilla","year":"2018","unstructured":"Abdilla, A., Arista, N., Baker, K., Benesiinaabandan, S., Brown, M., Cheung, M., et al.: Beyond imperial tools: Future-proofing technology through Indigenous governance and traditional knowledge systems. In: Abdilla, A., Harle, J. (eds.) decolonising the digital: technology as cultural practice, pp. 67\u201381. Tactical Space Lab (2018)"},{"key":"65_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21428\/bfafd97b","author":"JE Lewis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lewis, J.E., Arista, N., Pechawis, A., Kite, S.: Making kin with the machines. J. Design Sci. (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21428\/bfafd97b","journal-title":"J. Design Sci."},{"key":"65_CR13","volume-title":"The initiative for indigenous futures and the Canadian","author":"JE Lewis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lewis, J.E., et al.: Indigenous protocol and artificial intelligence position paper. In: Hawai, H. (ed.) The initiative for indigenous futures and the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR) (2020)"},{"issue":"4","key":"65_CR14","first-page":"389","volume":"41","author":"K Sotala","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sotala, K., Gloor, L.: Superintelligence as a cause or cure for risks of astronomical suffering. Informatica 41(4), 389\u2013400 (2017)","journal-title":"Informatica"},{"issue":"1","key":"65_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/s00146-017-0760-1","volume":"35","author":"SD Baum","year":"2020","unstructured":"Baum, S.D.: Social choice ethics in artificial intelligence. AI Soc. 35(1), 165\u2013176 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00146-017-0760-1","journal-title":"AI Soc."},{"issue":"9","key":"65_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-0190088-2","volume":"1","author":"A Jobin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jobin, A., Ienca, M., Vayena, E.: The global landscape of AI ethics guidelines. Nat Mach Intelligence 1(9), 389\u2013399 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s42256-0190088-2","journal-title":"Nat Mach Intelligence"},{"key":"65_CR17","volume-title":"Ecological ethics: an introduction, 2nd ed fully rev and expanded","author":"P Curry","year":"2011","unstructured":"Curry, P.: Ecological ethics: an introduction, 2nd ed fully rev and expanded. Polity Press (2011)"},{"issue":"3","key":"65_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.15368\/ea.1983v4n3.1","volume":"4","author":"E Katz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Katz, E.: Is there a place for animals in the moral consideration of nature? Ethics Animals 4(3), 74\u201387 (2011). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15368\/ea.1983v4n3.1","journal-title":"Ethics Animals"},{"key":"65_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/1-4020-3846-1","volume-title":"Recent work on intrinsic value","author":"T R\u00f8nnow-Rasmussen","year":"2005","unstructured":"R\u00f8nnow-Rasmussen, T., Zimmerman, M.J.: Recent work on intrinsic value. Springer (2005)"},{"issue":"4","key":"65_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.2307\/41714206","volume":"21","author":"SD Baum","year":"2012","unstructured":"Baum, S.D.: Value typology in cost-benefit analysis. Environ. Values 21(4), 499\u2013524 (2012). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/41714206","journal-title":"Environ. Values"},{"issue":"2","key":"65_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1004269309760","volume":"91","author":"B Bradley","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bradley, B.: Extrinsic value. Philos. Stud. 91(2), 109\u2013126 (1998). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/a:1004269309760","journal-title":"Philos. Stud."},{"key":"65_CR22","volume-title":"Animal liberation: towards an end to man\u2019s inhumanity to animals","author":"P Singer","year":"1977","unstructured":"Singer, P.: Animal liberation: towards an end to man\u2019s inhumanity to animals. Paladin Books (1977)"},{"key":"65_CR23","volume-title":"The case for animal rights","author":"T Regan","year":"1983","unstructured":"Regan, T.: The case for animal rights, 1st edn. University of California Press (1983)","edition":"1"},{"key":"65_CR24","volume-title":"Environmental ethics: duties to and values in the natural world","author":"H Rolston III","year":"1988","unstructured":"Rolston, H., III.: Environmental ethics: duties to and values in the natural world. Temple University Press (1988)"},{"key":"65_CR25","volume-title":"Respect for nature: a theory of environment)tal ethics","author":"P Taylor","year":"1986","unstructured":"Taylor, P.: Respect for nature: a theory of environmental ethics. Princeton University Press (1986)"},{"issue":"4","key":"65_CR26","first-page":"147","volume":"60","author":"CS Cockell","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cockell, C.S.: Originism: ethics and extraterrestrial life. J. Br. Interdisc. Soc. 60(4), 147\u2013153 (2007)","journal-title":"J. Br. Interdisc. Soc."},{"key":"65_CR27","volume-title":"The phenomenon of life. Toward a philosophical biology","author":"H Jonas","year":"1966","unstructured":"Jonas, H.: The phenomenon of life. Toward a philosophical biology. Harper and Row (1966)"},{"key":"65_CR28","volume-title":"In defense of the land ethic. Essays in environmental philosophy","author":"JB Callicott","year":"1989","unstructured":"Callicott, J.B.: In defense of the land ethic. Essays in environmental philosophy. State University of New York Press (1989)"},{"key":"65_CR29","first-page":"140","volume-title":"Beyond spaceship earth: environmental ethics and the solar system","author":"H Rolston III","year":"1986","unstructured":"Rolston, H., III.: The preservation of natural value in the solar system. In: Hargrove, E. (ed.) Beyond spaceship earth: environmental ethics and the solar system, pp. 140\u2013182. Sierra Club Books (1986)"},{"key":"65_CR30","volume-title":"Nobody owns the moon: the ethics of space exploitation","author":"T Milligan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Milligan, T.: Nobody owns the moon: the ethics of space exploitation. McFarland and Company (2015)"},{"issue":"3","key":"65_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8519.2008.00633.x","volume":"23","author":"A Buchanan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Buchanan, A.: Human nature and enhancement. Bioethics 23(3), 141\u2013150 (2009)","journal-title":"Bioethics"},{"key":"65_CR32","first-page":"405","volume":"83","author":"FP Hubbard","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hubbard, F.P.: Do androids dream? Personhood and intelligent artifacts. Temple Law Rev. 83, 405\u2013474 (2011)","journal-title":"Temple Law Rev."},{"issue":"24","key":"65_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/philosophies4020024","volume":"4","author":"S Umbrello","year":"2019","unstructured":"Umbrello, S., Sorgner, S.L.: Nonconscious cognitive suffering: considering suffering risks of embodied artificial intelligence. Philosophies 4(24), 1\u201315 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/philosophies4020024","journal-title":"Philosophies"},{"issue":"2","key":"65_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/bdcc3010002","volume":"3","author":"S Ziesche","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ziesche, S., Yampolskiy, R.: Towards AI welfare science and policies. Big Data Cognitive Comput. 3(2), 1\u201313 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/bdcc3010002","journal-title":"Big Data Cognitive Comput."},{"issue":"4","key":"65_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021342422699","volume":"4","author":"L Floridi","year":"2002","unstructured":"Floridi, L.: On the intrinsic value of information objects and the infosphere. Ethics Inf. Technol. 4(4), 287\u2013304 (2002). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/A:1021342422699","journal-title":"Ethics Inf. Technol."},{"key":"65_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-39827-3_6","volume-title":"The ethics of space exploration","author":"M Lupisella","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lupisella, M.: Cosmological theories of value: relationalism and connectedness as foundations for cosmic creativity. In: Milligan, T., Schwartz, J.S.J. (eds.) The ethics of space exploration, pp. 75\u201391. Springer International Publishing Switzerland (2016)"},{"key":"65_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Baum, S. D.: A survey of artificial general intelligence projects for ethics, risk, and policy. Global Catastrophic Risk Institute Working Paper 17\u20131 (2017). doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.3070741","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3070741"},{"key":"65_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199936311.001.0001","volume-title":"A theory of justice for animals: animal rights in a nonideal world","author":"R Garner","year":"2013","unstructured":"Garner, R.: A theory of justice for animals: animal rights in a nonideal world. Oxford University Press (2013)"},{"key":"65_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1007\/s10611-013-9413-6","volume":"59","author":"P Higgins","year":"2013","unstructured":"Higgins, P., Short, D., South, N.: Protecting the planet: a proposal for a law of ecocide. Crime Law Soc. Change 59, 251\u2013266 (2013). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10611-013-9413-6","journal-title":"Crime Law Soc. Change"},{"key":"65_CR40","unstructured":"Fitzgerald, M., Boddy, A., & Baum, S.D.: 2020 Survey of artificial general intelligence projects for ethics, risk, and policy. Global Catastrophic Risk Institute Technical Report 20\u20131 (2020)"},{"key":"65_CR41","unstructured":"Pichai, S.: AI at Google: our principles. Google. https:\/\/blog.google\/technology\/ai\/ai-principles\/ (2018). (Accessed 12 Mar 2020)"},{"key":"65_CR42","unstructured":"OpenAI Charter. OpenAI. https:\/\/openai.com\/charter\/ (9 April 2018). (Accessed 11 Mar 2020)"},{"key":"65_CR43","unstructured":"Responsible AI. Microsoft. https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/ai\/responsible-ai. (Accessed on 12 Mar 2020)"},{"key":"65_CR44","unstructured":"Nadella, S.: Microsoft\u2019s CEO Explores How Humans and A.I. Can Solve Society\u2019s Challenges\u2014Together. Slate Magazine. https:\/\/slate.com\/technology\/2016\/06\/microsoft-ceo-satya-nadella-humans-and-a-i-can-work-together-to-solve-societys-challenges.html (2016). (Accessed on 27 Aug 2020)"},{"key":"65_CR45","unstructured":"AI for Earth. Microsoft AI. https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/ai\/ai-for-earth. (Accessed on 28 Aug 2020)"},{"key":"65_CR46","unstructured":"Agrimetrics. Microsoft AI. https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/ai\/ai-for-earth-agrimetrics. (Accessed on 27 Aug 2020)"},{"key":"65_CR47","unstructured":"Wild me joins AI for Earth. Microsoft. https:\/\/news.microsoft.com\/2018\/06\/14\/wild-me-joins-ai-for-earth\/ (2018). (Accessed on 27 Aug 2020)"},{"key":"65_CR48","unstructured":"AI for Good Foundation. AI for good foundation. https:\/\/ai4good.org\/. (Accessed on 22 Feb 2021)"},{"key":"65_CR49","unstructured":"The Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence: Report. The Japanese society for artificial intelligence ethical guidelines. http:\/\/www.ai-elsi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/JSAI-Ethical-Guidelines-1.pdf (2017). (Accessed on 27 Aug 2020)"},{"key":"65_CR50","unstructured":"AI Principles. Future of life institute. https:\/\/futureoflife.org\/ai-principles\/. (Accessed on 18 Aug 2020)"},{"key":"65_CR51","unstructured":"ACM code of ethics and professional conduct. Association for Computing Machinery. https:\/\/www.acm.org\/code-of-ethics. (Accessed on 28 Aug 2020)"},{"key":"65_CR52","volume-title":"The oxford handbook of ethics of AI","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dubber, M., Pasquale, F., Das, S. (eds.): The Oxford handbook of ethics of AI. Oxford University Press (2020)"},{"key":"65_CR53","volume-title":"Ethics of artificial intelligence","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liao, S.M. (ed.): Ethics of artificial intelligence. Oxford University Press (2020)"},{"key":"65_CR54","unstructured":"Dastin, J.: Amazon scraps secret AI recruiting tool that showed bias against women. https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-amazon-com-jobs-automation-insight-idUSKCN1MK08G (2018). (Accessed on 27 Aug 2020)"},{"key":"65_CR55","volume-title":"Weapons of math destruction: how big data increases inequality and threatens democracy","author":"C O\u2019Neil","year":"2016","unstructured":"O\u2019Neil, C.: Weapons of math destruction: how big data increases inequality and threatens democracy. Crown Publishers (2016)"},{"key":"65_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctt1pwt9w5","volume-title":"Algorithms of oppression","author":"SU Noble","year":"2018","unstructured":"Noble, S.U.: Algorithms of oppression. NYU Press (2018)"},{"key":"65_CR57","volume-title":"The Routledge handbook of ecolinguistics","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fill, A., Penz, H. (eds.): The Routledge handbook of ecolinguistics. Routledge (2018)"},{"key":"65_CR58","volume-title":"Ecolinguistics: language, ecology and the stories we live by","author":"A Stibbe","year":"2021","unstructured":"Stibbe, A.: Ecolinguistics: language, ecology and the stories we live by, 2nd edn. Routledge (2021)","edition":"2"},{"key":"65_CR59","first-page":"342","volume-title":"The routledge handbook of ecolinguistics","author":"R Heugerber","year":"2018","unstructured":"Heugerber, R.: Overcoming anthropocentrism with anthropomorphic and physiocentric uses of language? In: Fill, A., Penz, H. (eds.) The Routledge handbook of ecolinguistics, pp. 342\u2013354. Routledge (2018)"},{"key":"65_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s10676-018-9494-0","volume":"21","author":"A Sharkey","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sharkey, A.: Autonomous weapons systems, killer robots and human dignity. Ethics Inf. Technol. 21, 75\u201387 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10676-018-9494-0","journal-title":"Ethics Inf. Technol."},{"issue":"6","key":"65_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7712","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aax7712","volume":"5","author":"C Paul","year":"2020","unstructured":"Paul, C., Hanley, N., Meyer, S.T., F\u00fcrst, C., Weisser, W.W., Knoke, T.: On the functional relationship between biodiversity and economic value. Sci. Adv. 5(6), 7712 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.aax7712","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"issue":"7","key":"65_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1007\/s10531-0161173-z","volume":"27","author":"PM Berry","year":"2018","unstructured":"Berry, P.M., Fabok, V., Blicharska, M., Bredin, Y.K., Llorente, M.G., Kovacs, E., et al.: Why conserve biodiversity? A multi-national exploration of stakeholders\u2019 views on the arguments for biodiversity conservation. Biodivers. Conserv. 27(7), 1741\u20131762 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10531-0161173-z","journal-title":"Biodivers. Conserv."},{"issue":"7","key":"65_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1007\/s10531-018-1543-9","volume":"27","author":"R Bugter","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bugter, R., Harrison, P., Haslett, J., Tinch, R.: Making a better case for biodiversity conservation: the BESAFE project. Biodiv. Conserv. 27(7), 1549\u20131560 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10531-018-1543-9","journal-title":"Biodiv. Conserv."},{"issue":"2","key":"65_CR64","first-page":"147","volume":"5","author":"WM Adams","year":"2007","unstructured":"Adams, W.M., Hutton, J.: People, parks and poverty: political ecology and biodiversity conservation. Conserv. Soc. 5(2), 147\u2013183 (2007)","journal-title":"Conserv. Soc."},{"key":"65_CR65","volume-title":"Ecocriticism","author":"G Garrard","year":"2012","unstructured":"Garrard, G.: Ecocriticism. Routledge (2012)"},{"key":"65_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7312\/mort17752","volume-title":"Dark ecology: for a logic of future coexistence","author":"T Morton","year":"2016","unstructured":"Morton, T.: Dark ecology: for a logic of future coexistence. Columbia University Press (2016)"},{"issue":"10","key":"65_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2020.07.007","volume":"24","author":"J Birch","year":"2020","unstructured":"Birch, J., Schnell, A.K., Clayton, N.S.: Dimensions of animal consciousness. Trends Cognitive Sci 24(10), 789\u2013801 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tics.2020.07.007","journal-title":"Trends Cognitive Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"65_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actaastro.2009.07.003","volume":"66","author":"SD Baum","year":"2010","unstructured":"Baum, S.D.: Universalist ethics in extraterrestrial encounter. Acta Astronaut. 66(3), 617\u2013623 (2010). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actaastro.2009.07.003","journal-title":"Acta Astronaut."},{"key":"65_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolecon.2017.08.019","volume":"145","author":"O Johansson-Stenman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Johansson-Stenman, O.: Animal welfare and social decisions: Is it time to take Bentham seriously? Ecol. Econ. 145, 90\u2013103 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecolecon.2017.08.019","journal-title":"Ecol. Econ."},{"key":"65_CR70","volume-title":"Does nature possess intrinsic value? An empirical assessment of Americans\u2019 beliefs","author":"JT Bruskotter","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bruskotter, J.T., Nelson, M.P., Vucetich, J.A.: Does nature possess intrinsic value? An empirical assessment of Americans\u2019 beliefs. The Ohio State University (2015)"},{"issue":"4","key":"65_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.5751\/ES-09812-220443","volume":"22","author":"P Arias-Ar\u00e9valo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Arias-Ar\u00e9valo, P., Mart\u00edn-L\u00f3pez, B., G\u00f3mez-Baggethun, E.: Exploring intrinsic, instrumental, and relational values for sustainable management of social-ecological systems. Ecol. Soc. 22(4), 43 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5751\/ES-09812-220443","journal-title":"Ecol. Soc."},{"key":"65_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2019.06.009","author":"K Sommer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sommer, K., Nielsen, M., Draheim, M., Redshaw, J., Vanman, E.J., Wilks, M.: Children\u2019s perceptions of the moral worth of live agents, robots, and inanimate objects. J. Exp. Child Psychol. (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jecp.2019.06.009","journal-title":"J. Exp. Child Psychol."},{"issue":"1","key":"65_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1521\/soco.2019.37.1.41","volume":"37","author":"SRR Nijssen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nijssen, S.R.R., M\u00fcller, B.C.N., van Baaren, R.B.: Paulus, M: Saving the robot or the human? Robots who feel deserve moral care. Soc. Cogn. 37(1), 41\u201356 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1521\/soco.2019.37.1.41","journal-title":"Soc. Cogn."},{"key":"65_CR74","unstructured":"BP: Energy Outlook: 2020 Edition. BP. https:\/\/www.bp.com\/content\/dam\/bp\/business-sites\/en\/global\/corporate\/pdfs\/energy-economics\/energy-outlook\/bp-energy-outlook-2020.pdf (2020). (Accessed 26 Apr 2020)"},{"key":"65_CR75","first-page":"662","volume":"14","author":"M Sorbaro","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sorbaro, M., Liu, Q., Bortone, M., Sheik, S.: Optimizing the energy consumption of spiking neural networks for neuromorphic applications. ArXiv191201268 CsQ-Bio 14, 662 (2020)","journal-title":"ArXiv191201268 CsQ-Bio"},{"key":"65_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Strubell, E., Ganesh A., & McCallum, A.: Energy and policy considerations for deep learning in NLP. In: Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 3645\u20133650. Florence, Italy (2019)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P19-1355"},{"issue":"159","key":"65_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.2307\/2552796","volume":"40","author":"A Sen","year":"1973","unstructured":"Sen, A.: Behavior and the concept of preference. Economica 40(159), 241\u2013259 (1973)","journal-title":"Economica"}],"container-title":["AI and Ethics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s43681-021-00065-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s43681-021-00065-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s43681-021-00065-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,23]],"date-time":"2021-10-23T10:32:41Z","timestamp":1634985161000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s43681-021-00065-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,6]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}},"alternative-id":["65"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43681-021-00065-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["2730-5953","2730-5961"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2730-5953","type":"print"},{"value":"2730-5961","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 February 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 May 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 June 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}