{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T04:13:41Z","timestamp":1777090421959,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,27]],"date-time":"2022-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656288000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,27]],"date-time":"2022-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AI Ethics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>With its proposed EU AI Act, the EU is aspiring to lead the world in admiral AI regulation (April 2021). In this brief, we summarise and comment on the \u2018Presidency compromise text\u2019, which is a revised version of the proposed act reflecting the consultation and deliberation by member states and actors (November 2021). The compromise text echoes the sentiment of the original text, much of which remains largely unchanged. However, there are important shifts and some significant changes. Our main comments focus on exemptions to the act with respect to national security; changes that seek to further protect research, development and innovation; and the attempt to clarify the draft legislation\u2019s stance on algorithmic manipulation. Our target readership for this paper is those who are interested in tracking the evolution of the proposed EU AI act, such as policy-makers and those in the legal profession.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s43681-022-00179-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,27]],"date-time":"2022-06-27T08:02:42Z","timestamp":1656316962000},"page":"381-387","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Proposed EU AI Act\u2014Presidency compromise text: select overview and comment on the changes to the proposed regulation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Emre","family":"Kazim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Osman","family":"G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fct\u00fcrk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Denise","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Kerrigan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Lomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adriano","family":"Koshiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Airlie","family":"Hilliard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Trengove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"179_CR1","unstructured":"European commission: proposal for a regulation of the European parliament and of the council: laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (artificial intelligence act) and amending certain union legislative acts, https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX%3A52021PC0206, Accessed 07 Dec 2021"},{"key":"179_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3846898","author":"E Kazim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kazim, E., Kerrigan, C., Koshiyama, A.: EU proposed AI legal framework. SSRN Electron. J. (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.3846898","journal-title":"SSRN Electron. J."},{"key":"179_CR3","unstructured":"Council of the European union: proposal for a regulation of the European parliament and of the council laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (artificial intelligence act) and amending certain union legislative acts-Presidency compromise text. (2021)"},{"key":"179_CR4","unstructured":"Brown, N.: understanding the data protection Act\u2019s national security and defence exemption-decoded. legal: internet, telecoms and tech law decoded., https:\/\/decoded.legal\/blog\/2021\/04\/understanding-the-data-protection-acts-national-security-and-defence-exemption, Accessed 04 Mar 2022"},{"key":"179_CR5","unstructured":"Koshiyama, A., Firoozye, N., Treleaven, P.: Generative adversarial networks for financial trading strategies fine-tuning and combination. https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1901.01751 [cs, q-fin, stat]. (2019)"},{"key":"179_CR6","unstructured":"Bryson, J.J.: europe is in danger of using the wrong definition of AI, https:\/\/www.wired.com\/story\/artificial-intelligence-regulation-european-union\/, (2022)"},{"key":"179_CR7","unstructured":"European commission: data act: proposal for a regulation on harmonised rules on fair access to and use of data | shaping Europe\u2019s digital future, https:\/\/digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu\/en\/library\/data-act-proposal-regulation-harmonised-rules-fair-access-and-use-data, Accessed 04 Mar 2022"},{"key":"179_CR8","unstructured":"Cailean Osborne: the European commission\u2019s artificial intelligence act highlights the need for an effective AI assurance ecosystem-centre for data ethics and innovation blog, https:\/\/cdei.blog.gov.uk\/2021\/05\/11\/the-european-commissions-artificial-intelligence-act-highlights-the-need-for-an-effective-ai-assurance-ecosystem\/, Accessed 17 May 2022"},{"key":"179_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3778998","author":"A Koshiyama","year":"2021","unstructured":"Koshiyama, A., Kazim, E., Treleaven, P., Rai, P., Szpruch, L., Pavey, G., Ahamat, G., Leutner, F., Goebel, R., Knight, A., Adams, J., Hitrova, C., Barnett, J., Nachev, P., Barber, D., Chamorro-Premuzic, T., Klemmer, K., Gregorovic, M., Khan, S., Lomas, E.: Towards algorithm auditing: a survey on managing legal, ethical and technological risks of AI, ML and associated algorithms. SSRN Electron. J. (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.3778998","journal-title":"SSRN Electron. J."},{"key":"179_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11023-021-09577-4","author":"J M\u00f6kander","year":"2021","unstructured":"M\u00f6kander, J., Axente, M., Casolari, F., Floridi, L.: Conformity assessments and post-market monitoring: a guide to the role of auditing in the proposed European AI regulation. Mind. Mach. (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11023-021-09577-4","journal-title":"Mind. Mach."},{"key":"179_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s43681-020-00029-w","volume":"1","author":"E Kazim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kazim, E., Koshiyama, A.: The interrelation between data and AI ethics in the context of impact assessments. AI Ethics. 1, 219\u2013225 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43681-020-00029-w","journal-title":"AI Ethics."},{"key":"179_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s43681-021-00077-w","author":"D Almeida","year":"2021","unstructured":"Almeida, D., Shmarko, K., Lomas, E.: The ethics of facial recognition technologies, surveillance, and accountability in an age of artificial intelligence: a comparative analysis of US, EU, and UK regulatory frameworks. AI Ethics. (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43681-021-00077-w","journal-title":"AI Ethics."}],"container-title":["AI and Ethics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s43681-022-00179-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s43681-022-00179-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s43681-022-00179-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,6]],"date-time":"2023-06-06T06:27:05Z","timestamp":1686032825000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s43681-022-00179-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,27]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["179"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43681-022-00179-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["2730-5953","2730-5961"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2730-5953","type":"print"},{"value":"2730-5961","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 March 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 May 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 June 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no interests to declare.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}