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A recurring challenge in this area concerns the allocation of moral responsibility in the case of negative AI-induced outcomes. Some scholars posit the existence of an insurmountable \u201cresponsibility gap\u201d, wherein neither the AI system nor the human agents involved can or should be held responsible. Conversely, other scholars dispute the presence of such gaps or propose potential solutions. One solution that frequently emerges in the literature on AI ethics is the concept of command responsibility, wherein human agents may be held responsible because they perform a supervisory role over the (subordinate) AI. In the article we examine the compatibility of command responsibility in light of recent empirical studies and psychological evidence, aiming to anchor discussions in empirical realities rather than relying exclusively on normative arguments. Our argument can be succinctly summarized as follows: (1) while the theoretical foundation of command responsibility appears robust (2) its practical implementation raises significant concerns, (3) yet these concerns alone should not entirely preclude its application (4) they underscore the importance of considering and integrating empirical evidence into ethical discussions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s43681-024-00512-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]],"date-time":"2024-07-22T16:03:52Z","timestamp":1721664232000},"page":"1757-1767","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Command responsibility in military AI contexts: balancing theory and practicality"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0074-3544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ann-Katrien","family":"Oimann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2471-7212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriana","family":"Salatino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"886","key":"512_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1017\/S1816383112000768","volume":"94","author":"P Asaro","year":"2012","unstructured":"Asaro, P.: On banning autonomous weapon systems: Human rights, automation, and the dehumanization of lethal decision-making. 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