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The purpose of this examination is to investigate whether the use of the terms \u201cbrain-reading\u201d and \u201cmind-reading\u201d to convey current neurotechnological findings carries evidence of hype. We conducted an interpretive content analysis of 1017 academic articles to gain insights into the current state of the art and examine assertions made by academics. Our analysis revealed that up to 91% of the examined articles suggest the possibility of mind-reading through brain-reading. Ethical issues discussed frequently include mental privacy, mental freedom, and personhood. Our study highlights the imprecise and inconsistent usage of the term mind-reading in scientific discourse, which leads to exaggerated claims about AI and BCIs having already achieved capacities beyond their current capabilities\u2014or even reaching capacities that may never be feasible. While our study provides evidence of AI and BCI hype concerning alleged mind-reading capabilities, it also uncovers a hype in AI ethics, specifically pertaining to neurorights. This involves hypothetical scenarios where the fictional prospect of AI-enabled mind-reading calls for the establishment of\u00a0new protective human rights.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s43681-024-00514-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]],"date-time":"2024-07-16T12:01:59Z","timestamp":1721131319000},"page":"855-872","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Mind-reading in AI and neurotechnology: evaluating claims, hype, and ethical implications for neurorights"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0524-8649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frederic","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrid","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"514_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-023-03423-6","volume":"623","author":"L Drew","year":"2023","unstructured":"Drew, L.: The impact and ethics of brain-reading technologies. 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