{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T14:11:46Z","timestamp":1771855906735,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]],"date-time":"2024-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725494400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]],"date-time":"2024-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011318","name":"Fondation Botnar","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011318","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AI Ethics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) sparked the development of principles and guidelines for ethical AI by a broad set of actors. Given the high-level nature of these principles, stakeholders seek practical guidance for their implementation in the development, deployment and use of AI, fueling the growth of practical approaches for ethical AI. This paper reviews, synthesizes and assesses current practical approaches for AI in health, examining their scope and potential to aid organizations in adopting ethical standards. We performed a scoping review of existing reviews in accordance with the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR), systematically searching databases and the web between February and May 2023. A total of 4284 documents were identified, of which 17 were included in the final analysis. Content analysis was performed on the final sample. We identified a highly heterogeneous ecosystem of approaches and a diverse use of terminology, a higher prevalence of approaches for certain stages of the AI lifecycle, reflecting the dominance of specific stakeholder groups in their development, and several barriers to the adoption of approaches. These findings underscore the necessity of a nuanced understanding of the implementation context for these approaches and that no one-size-fits-all approach exists for ethical AI. While common terminology is needed, this should not come at the cost of pluralism in available approaches. As governments signal interest in and develop practical approaches, significant effort remains to guarantee their validity, reliability, and efficacy as tools for governance across the AI lifecycle.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s43681-024-00563-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]],"date-time":"2024-09-05T11:02:20Z","timestamp":1725534140000},"page":"1931-1940","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The rise of checkbox AI\u00a0ethics: a review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7781-7869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Kijewski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9818-0850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elettra","family":"Ronchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1303-5467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Effy","family":"Vayena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"563_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s11023-020-09517-8","volume":"30","author":"T Hagendorff","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hagendorff, T.: The ethics of AI ethics: an evaluation of guidelines. Minds Mach. 30, 99\u2013120 (2020)","journal-title":"Minds Mach."},{"key":"563_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Whittlestone, J., Nyrup, R., Alexandrova, A., Cave, S.: The role and limits of principles in AI ethics: towards a focus on tensions. Proceedings of the 2019 AAAI\/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery;. pp. 195\u2013200 (2019)","DOI":"10.1145\/3306618.3314289"},{"key":"563_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s13347-022-00538-y","volume":"35","author":"E Seger","year":"2022","unstructured":"Seger, E.: In defence of principlism in AI ethics and governance. Philos Technol. 35, 45 (2022)","journal-title":"Philos Technol."},{"key":"563_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-49392-9_13","volume-title":"Agile processes in software engineering and extreme programming","author":"V Vakkuri","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vakkuri, V., Kemell, K.-K., Jantunen, M., Abrahamsson, P.: \u201cThis is Just a Prototype\u201d: How Ethics Are Ignored in Software Startup-Like Environments. In: Agile processes in software engineering and extreme programming, pp. 195\u2013210. Springer International Publishing, Cham (2020)"},{"key":"563_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McNamara, A., Smith, J., Murphy-Hill, E.: Does ACM\u2019s code of ethics change ethical decision making in software development? Proceedings of the 2018 26th ACM Joint Meeting on European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery. pp. 729\u2013733. (2018)","DOI":"10.1145\/3236024.3264833"},{"key":"563_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-019-0114-4","volume":"1","author":"B Mittelstadt","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mittelstadt, B.: Principles alone cannot guarantee ethical AI. Nat Mach Intell. 1, 501\u2013507 (2019)","journal-title":"Nat Mach Intell."},{"key":"563_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khan, A.A., Badshah, S., Liang, P., Waseem, M., Khan, B., Ahmad, A., et al.: Ethics of AI: A systematic literature review of principles and challenges. Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Evaluation and Assessment in Software Engineering. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery. pp. 383\u2013392. (2022)","DOI":"10.1145\/3530019.3531329"},{"key":"563_CR8","unstructured":"Haas, L., Giessler, S.,: Thiel V. In the realm of paper tigers \u2013 exploring the failings of AI ethics guidelines. In: AlgorithmWatch [Internet]. 28 Apr 2020 [cited 22 Nov 2023]. Available: https:\/\/algorithmwatch.org\/en\/ai-ethics-guidelines-inventory-upgrade-2020\/"},{"key":"563_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2141","DOI":"10.1007\/s11948-019-00165-5","volume":"26","author":"J Morley","year":"2020","unstructured":"Morley, J., Floridi, L., Kinsey, L., Elhalal, A.: From what to how: an initial review of publicly available AI ethics tools, methods and research to translate principles into practices. Sci. Eng. Ethics 26, 2141\u20132168 (2020)","journal-title":"Sci. Eng. Ethics"},{"key":"563_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s11023-021-09563-w","volume":"31","author":"J Morley","year":"2021","unstructured":"Morley, J., Elhalal, A., Garcia, F., Kinsey, L., M\u00f6kander, J., Floridi, L.: Ethics as a service: A pragmatic operationalisation of AI ethics. Minds Mach. 31, 239\u2013256 (2021)","journal-title":"Minds Mach."},{"key":"563_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s43681-020-00008-1","volume":"1","author":"M Hickok","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hickok, M.: Lessons learned from AI ethics principles for future actions. AI and Ethics. 1, 41\u201347 (2021)","journal-title":"AI and Ethics."},{"key":"563_CR12","unstructured":"High-Level Expert Group on Artificial Intelligence. The Assessment List for Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence (ALTAI). European Commission; (2020)"},{"key":"563_CR13","unstructured":"Ethical impact assessment: A Tool of the Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence. UNESCO;. Available: https:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/ark:\/48223\/pf0000386276 (2023)"},{"key":"563_CR14","unstructured":"UNESCO. Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence. Paris: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Report No.: SHS\/BIO\/PI\/2021\/1 (2022)"},{"key":"563_CR15","unstructured":"Ojanen, A., Bjork, A., Mikkonen, J.: An assessment framework for non-discriminatory AI. In: Demos Helsinki [Internet]. [cited 13 Nov 2023]. Available: https:\/\/demoshelsinki.fi\/julkaisut\/an-assessment-framework-for-non-discriminatory-ai\/ (2022)"},{"key":"563_CR16","unstructured":"Algorithmic Impact Assessment: a Case Study in Healthcare. Ada Lovelace Institute. Available: https:\/\/www.adalovelaceinstitute.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Algorithmic-impact-assessment-a-case-study-in-healthcare.pdf (2022)"},{"key":"563_CR17","unstructured":"Government of Netherlands. Fundamental Rights and Algorithms Impact Assessment (FRAIA). [cited 7 Nov 2023]. Available: https:\/\/www.government.nl\/documents\/reports\/2021\/07\/31\/impact-assessment-fundamental-rights-and-algorithms (2021)"},{"key":"563_CR18","unstructured":"Holistic AI Library. In: Holistic AI [Internet]. [cited 7 Nov 2023]. Available: https:\/\/www.holisticai.com\/open-source (2023)"},{"key":"563_CR19","unstructured":"Saimple: AI Explainability and Robustness Validation Solutions. [cited 13 Nov 2023]. Available: https:\/\/saimple.com\/ (2023)"},{"key":"563_CR20","unstructured":"OECD Catalogue tools for trustworthy AI.: [cited 6 Nov 2023]. Available: https:\/\/oecd.ai\/en\/catalogue\/tools (2023)"},{"key":"563_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"M\u00e4ntym\u00e4ki, M., Minkkinen, M., Birkstedt, T., Viljanen, M.: Putting AI Ethics into practice: The Hourglass Model of Organizational AI Governance. arXiv [cs.AI]. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2206.00335(2022)","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2206.00335"},{"key":"563_CR22","unstructured":"European Commission. Proposal for a regulation of the european parliament and of the council laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (Artificial Intelligence Act) and amending certain union legislative acts. Commission E, editor. 2021. Report No.: COM\/2021\/206 final. Available: https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX%3A52021PC0206&qid=1658317702094"},{"key":"563_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-018-0611-x","volume":"18","author":"Z Munn","year":"2018","unstructured":"Munn, Z., Peters, M.D.J., Stern, C., Tufanaru, C., McArthur, A., Aromataris, E.: Systematic review or scoping review? Guidance for authors when choosing between a systematic or scoping review approach. BMC Med. Res. Methodol. 18, 143 (2018)","journal-title":"BMC Med. Res. Methodol."},{"key":"563_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-016-0116-4","volume":"16","author":"AC Tricco","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tricco, A.C., Lillie, E., Zarin, W., O\u2019Brien, K., Colquhoun, H., Kastner, M., et al.: A scoping review on the conduct and reporting of scoping reviews. BMC Med. Res. Methodol. 16, 15 (2016)","journal-title":"BMC Med. Res. Methodol."},{"key":"563_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdr015","volume":"33","author":"R Armstrong","year":"2011","unstructured":"Armstrong, R., Hall, B.J., Doyle, J., Waters, E.: Cochrane update. \u201cScoping the scope\u201d of a cochrane review. J. Public Health 33, 147\u2013150 (2011)","journal-title":"J. Public Health"},{"key":"563_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.11124\/JBIES-20-00570","volume":"20","author":"D Pollock","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pollock, D., Tricco, A.C., Peters, M.D.J., Mclnerney, P.A., Khalil, H., Godfrey, C.M., et al.: Methodological quality, guidance, and tools in scoping reviews: a scoping review protocol. JBI Evid Synth. 20, 1098\u20131105 (2022)","journal-title":"JBI Evid Synth."},{"key":"563_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2119","DOI":"10.11124\/JBIES-20-00167","volume":"18","author":"MDJ Peters","year":"2020","unstructured":"Peters, M.D.J., Marnie, C., Tricco, A.C., Pollock, D., Munn, Z., Alexander, L., et al.: Updated methodological guidance for the conduct of scoping reviews. JBI Evid Synth. 18, 2119\u20132126 (2020)","journal-title":"JBI Evid Synth."},{"key":"563_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850","volume":"169","author":"AC Tricco","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tricco, A.C., Lillie, E., Zarin, W., O\u2019Brien, K.K., Colquhoun, H., Levac, D., et al.: PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and explanation. Ann. Intern. Med. 169, 467\u2013473 (2018)","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"563_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","volume":"372","author":"MJ Page","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page, M.J., McKenzie, J.E., Bossuyt, P.M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T.C., Mulrow, C.D., et al.: The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ 372, n71 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.n71","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"563_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1007\/s43681-023-00258-9","volume":"3","author":"E Prem","year":"2023","unstructured":"Prem, E.: From ethical AI frameworks to tools: a review of approaches. AI and Ethics. 3, 699\u2013716 (2023)","journal-title":"AI and Ethics."},{"key":"563_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3491209","volume":"55","author":"D Kaur","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kaur, D., Uslu, S., Rittichier, K.J., Durresi, A.: Trustworthy artificial intelligence: a review. ACM Comput. Surv. 55, 1\u201338 (2022)","journal-title":"ACM Comput. Surv."},{"issue":"4","key":"563_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1109\/TAI.2021.3137091","volume":"4","author":"KA Crockett","year":"2021","unstructured":"Crockett, K.A., Gerber, L., Latham, A., Colyer, E.: Building trustworthy AI solutions: a case for practical solutions for small businesses. IEEE Trans. Artif. Intell. 4(4), 778\u2013791 (2021)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Artif. Intell."},{"key":"563_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1007\/s43681-021-00084-x","volume":"2","author":"J Ayling","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ayling, J., Chapman, A.: Putting AI ethics to work: are the tools fit for purpose? AI and Ethics. 2, 405\u2013429 (2022)","journal-title":"AI and Ethics."},{"key":"563_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1109\/TAI.2022.3225132","volume":"4","author":"LN Tidjon","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tidjon, L.N., Khomh, F.: The different faces of AI ethics across the world: a principle-to-practice gap analysis. IEEE Trans. Artif. Intell. 4, 820\u2013839 (2023)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Artif. Intell."},{"key":"563_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boza, T., Evgeniou, P.: Implementing AI principles: frameworks, processes, and tools. INSEAD;. Available: https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3783124 (2021)","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3783124"},{"key":"563_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s44206-022-00022-2","volume":"1","author":"M Minkkinen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Minkkinen, M., Laine, J., M\u00e4ntym\u00e4ki, M.: Continuous auditing of artificial intelligence: a conceptualization and assessment of tools and frameworks. Digit Soc. 1, 21 (2022)","journal-title":"Digit Soc."},{"key":"563_CR37","first-page":"1","volume":"7","author":"RY Wong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wong, R.Y., Madaio, M.A., Merrill, N.: Seeing like a toolkit: how toolkits envision the work of AI ethics. Proc ACM Hum-Comput Interact. 7, 1\u201327 (2023)","journal-title":"Proc ACM Hum-Comput Interact."},{"key":"563_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/ryai.210127","volume":"4","author":"C Garbin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Garbin, C., Marques, O.: Assessing methods and tools to improve reporting, increase transparency, and reduce failures in machine learning applications in health care. Radiol Artif Intell. 4, e210127 (2022)","journal-title":"Radiol Artif Intell."},{"key":"563_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s11948-021-00336-3","volume":"27","author":"M Goirand","year":"2021","unstructured":"Goirand, M., Austin, E., Clay-Williams, R.: Implementing ethics in healthcare AI-based applications: a scoping review. Sci. Eng. Ethics 27, 61 (2021)","journal-title":"Sci. Eng. Ethics"},{"key":"563_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/s43681-022-00195-z","volume":"3","author":"P Solanki","year":"2023","unstructured":"Solanki, P., Grundy, J., Hussain, W.: Operationalising ethics in artificial intelligence for healthcare: a framework for AI developers. AI and Ethics. 3, 223\u2013240 (2023)","journal-title":"AI and Ethics."},{"key":"563_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2022.104933","volume":"170","author":"P Lehoux","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lehoux, P., Rivard, L., de Oliveira, R.R., M\u00f6rch, C.M., Alami, H.: Tools to foster responsibility in digital solutions that operate with or without artificial intelligence: a scoping review for health and innovation policymakers. Int. J. Med. Inform. 170, 104933 (2023)","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Inform."},{"key":"563_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-021-00549-7","volume":"5","author":"AAH de Hond","year":"2022","unstructured":"de Hond, A.A.H., Leeuwenberg, A.M., Hooft, L., Kant, I.M.J., Nijman, S.W.J., van Os, H.J.A., et al.: Guidelines and quality criteria for artificial intelligence-based prediction models in healthcare: a scoping review. NPJ. Digit. Med. 5, 2 (2022)","journal-title":"NPJ. Digit. Med."},{"key":"563_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/36823","author":"NL Crossnohere","year":"2022","unstructured":"Crossnohere, N.L., Elsaid, M., Paskett, J., Bose-Brill, S., Bridges, J.F.P.: Guidelines for artificial intelligence in medicine: literature review and content analysis of frameworks. J. Med. Internet Res. (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/36823","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"563_CR44","first-page":"587","volume":"7","author":"KB Pradhan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pradhan, K.B., Sandhu, N.: Framework to measure responsible innovation compliance in artificial intelligence innovations in healthcare: a review. J. Crit.ical Rev. 7, 587\u2013590 (2020)","journal-title":"J. Crit.ical Rev."},{"key":"563_CR45","unstructured":"Marwood, T., Boyd, J., Khan, U.R., Jade Barclay, S., Jackson. K.: The ethical application of AI in health: a desktop review. digital health crc;. Available: Available: https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3783124 (2022)"},{"key":"563_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.telpol.2022.102479","volume":"47","author":"N Palladino","year":"2023","unstructured":"Palladino, N.: A \u201cbiased\u201d emerging governance regime for artificial intelligence? How AI ethics get skewed moving from principles to practices. Telecomm Policy. 47, 102479 (2023)","journal-title":"Telecomm Policy."},{"key":"563_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Costanza-Chock, S., Raji, I.D., Buolamwini, J.: Who Audits the Auditors? Recommendations from a field scan of the algorithmic auditing ecosystem. Proceedings of the 2022 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery, pp. 1571\u20131583. (2022)","DOI":"10.1145\/3531146.3533213"},{"key":"563_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Selinger, E., Leong, B., Cahn, A.F.: AI Audits: Who, When, How... Or Even If? Collaborative intelligence: how humans and AI are transforming our world. MIT Press (forthcoming); (2023)","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/14962.003.0006"},{"key":"563_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clsr.2024.105957","author":"J Laux","year":"2024","unstructured":"Laux, J., Wachter, S., Mittelstadt, B.: Three pathways for standardisation and ethical disclosure by default under the european union artificial intelligence act. Comput. Law Secur. Rev. (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clsr.2024.105957","journal-title":"Comput. Law Secur. Rev."},{"key":"563_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2693","DOI":"10.1007\/s00146-022-01602-z","volume":"38","author":"J Zhou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou, J., Chen, F.: AI ethics: from principles to practice. AI & Soc. 38, 2693\u20132703 (2023)","journal-title":"AI & Soc."},{"key":"563_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mitchell, M., Wu, S., Zaldivar, A., Barnes, P., Vasserman L, Hutchinson, B, et al.: Model cards for model reporting. Proceedings of the Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery pp. 220\u2013229. (2019)","DOI":"10.1145\/3287560.3287596"},{"key":"563_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-07939-1","author":"A Castelnovo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Castelnovo, A., Crupi, R., Greco, G., Regoli, D., Penco, I.G., Cosentini, A.C.: A clarification of the nuances in the fairness metrics landscape. Sci. Rep. (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-07939-1","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"563_CR53","unstructured":"D-seal. Available: https:\/\/d-maerket.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/D-seal-pamphlet-english-version_1.0.0.pdf (2024)"},{"key":"563_CR54","unstructured":"Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat. Algorithmic Impact Assessment Tool. Available: https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/government\/system\/digital-government\/digital-government-innovations\/responsible-use-ai\/algorithmic-impact-assessment.html (2024)"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1007\/s43681-024-00582-8","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727136000000}}],"container-title":["AI and Ethics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s43681-024-00563-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s43681-024-00563-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s43681-024-00563-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,24]],"date-time":"2025-05-24T09:11:47Z","timestamp":1748077907000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s43681-024-00563-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["563"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43681-024-00563-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["2730-5953","2730-5961"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2730-5953","type":"print"},{"value":"2730-5961","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 April 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 August 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 September 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 September 2024","order":4,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":5,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"A Correction to this paper has been published:","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43681-024-00582-8","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43681-024-00582-8","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"EV has consulting fees or other honoraria from Johns Hopkins University and Roche diagnostics; participates on a Digital Ethics Advisory Board for Merck and an Ethics Advisory Panel for IQVIA; and is the co-chair of the WHO expert group on ethics and governance of AI in Health.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}