{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T11:42:59Z","timestamp":1769427779871,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744156800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744156800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AI Ethics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>The emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has brought significant advancements in various fields, including the generation of inventions. However, this progress has raised complex questions regarding inventorship, particularly in cases where AI systems autonomously generate inventions. This paper explores the question of whether artificial intelligence (AI) entities can be recognized as inventors of patentable inventions. It discusses the challenges of AI-generated inventions and proposes updated patent examination criteria and guidelines. The European Patent Office and the United States Patent and Trademark Office have recently updated their guidelines to affirm the inventive capacity of individuals while considering the role of AI as a support tool in the examination process. The paper concludes by suggesting the consideration of a sui generis form of protection for AI-generated inventions, similar to concepts in intellectual property law, but argues against granting legal personality and assets to AI. Instead, it advocates for updating patent examination criteria to accommodate AI\u2019s role in the inventive process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s43681-025-00709-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T15:39:58Z","timestamp":1744213198000},"page":"4475-4479","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Reconceptualizing inventorship: addressing the challenge of artificial intelligence-generated inventions"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Villegas Tovar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Pinto Avenda\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"236","key":"709_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1093\/mind\/LIX.236.433","volume":"59","author":"AM Turing","year":"1950","unstructured":"Turing, A.M.: Computing machinery and intelligence. Mind 59(236), 433\u2013460 (1950)","journal-title":"Mind"},{"key":"709_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kurzweil, R.: In: Sandler, R. L. (ed.) The Singularity is Near, pp. 393\u2013406. Palgrave Macmillan UK, London (2014). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057\/9781137349088","DOI":"10.1057\/9781137349088"},{"key":"709_CR3","unstructured":"Butlin, P., Long, R., Elmoznino, E., Bengio, Y., Birch, J., Constant, A., Deane, G., Fleming, S. M., Frith, C., Ji, X., Kanai, R., Klein, C., Lindsay, G., Michel, M., Mudrik, L., Peters, M. A. K., Schwitzgebel, E., Simon, J., VanRullen, R.: Consciousness in Artificial Intelligence: Insights from the Science of Consciousness (2023). https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2308.08708"},{"key":"709_CR4","unstructured":"America, U. S.: Thaler v. Vidal, 43 F.4th 1207, 1210 (Fed. Cir. 2022). https:\/\/www.wipo.int\/wipolex\/en\/judgments\/details\/2098 (2022). Accessed 17-May-2024"},{"issue":"1","key":"709_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.47348\/SAIPLJ\/v9\/a5","volume":"9","author":"DO Oriakhogba","year":"2021","unstructured":"Oriakhogba, D.O.: Dabus gains territory in South Africa and Australia: revisiting the AI-inventorship question. S. Afr. Intellect. Prop. Law J. 9(1), 87\u2013108 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.47348\/SAIPLJ\/v9\/a5","journal-title":"S. Afr. Intellect. Prop. Law J."},{"key":"709_CR6","unstructured":"Australia, F. C. O.: Thaler v Commissioner of Patents [2021] FCA 879. https:\/\/haugpartners.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Australia-Thaler-v-Commissioner-2021-FCA-879.pdf (2021). Accessed 17-May-2024"},{"key":"709_CR7","unstructured":"USPTO: Inventorship guidance for AI-assisted inventions. https:\/\/www.uspto.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/inventorship-guidance-for-ai-assisted-inventions.pdf (2024). Accessed 17-May-2024"},{"key":"709_CR8","unstructured":"Pihlajamaa, H.: Legal aspects of patenting inventions involving artificial intelligence (AI): Summary of feedback by EPC contracting states. https:\/\/link.epo.org\/web\/AI_inventorship_summary_of_answers_en.pdf (2019). Accessed 17-May-2024"}],"container-title":["AI and Ethics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s43681-025-00709-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s43681-025-00709-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s43681-025-00709-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T08:34:06Z","timestamp":1758270846000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s43681-025-00709-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["709"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43681-025-00709-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["2730-5953","2730-5961"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2730-5953","type":"print"},{"value":"2730-5961","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 October 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 March 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 April 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}