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DeepSeek is used as a case study to illustrate the healthcare risks that may arise from unknown or biased post-training methods and other forms of AI knowledge editing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s43681-025-00842-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T03:18:08Z","timestamp":1767842288000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["DeepSeek for healthcare: do no harm?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"James","family":"Anibal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Bedrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hang","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jasmine","family":"Gunkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Huth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tram","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Salvi Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lindsey","family":"Hazen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bradford J.","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"842_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3744746","volume":"16","author":"H Naveed","year":"2025","unstructured":"Naveed, H., et al.: A comprehensive overview of large language models. 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ProMaxo (CRADA), Theromics, Imactis, Canon Medical, Varian, MediView, URO-1, Immunophotonics (pending), Deepsight. The following industry partners also support the research of BW via equipment, personnel, devices and\/ or drugs: 3\u00a0T Technologies (devices), Exact Imaging (data), Angiodynamics (equipment), Astra Zeneca (pharmaceuticals, NCI CRADA), ArciTrax (devices and equipment), Imactis (Equipment), Johnson and Johnson (equipment), Medtronic (equipment), Theromics (Supplies), Profound (equipment and supplies), QT Imaging (equipment and supplies), Medtronic (equipment), Boston Scientific (equipment), Varian (materials), Combat Medical (equipment), Clinical LaserThermia Systems (equipment), MediView (equipment), CIVCO Medical Solutions (equipment), Galvanize, Alessa Therapeutics (NCI CRADA or CTA), Immunophotonics (supplies). Philips and NIH have a patent licensing agreement under which NIH receives royalties, a portion of which are then given to BW. 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