{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T17:55:10Z","timestamp":1781632510109,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":217,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769644800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769644800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AI Ethics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In this paper, we challenge the overreliance on conventional ethical frameworks commonly observed in current AI ethics literature. We begin by surveying the ethical concerns and frameworks that dominate this field. Following this, we categorize and critically review the existing objections to these traditional approaches in terms of conceptual challenges, professional and regulatory challenges, and challenges from practical implementation. Finally, we present three key arguments against conventional ethical frameworks, drawing upon the fact that they fail to preclude ethics washing, stifle innovation in ethical research, and the drastic changes brought about by AI technology in the ethical landscape.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s43681-025-00978-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T11:14:38Z","timestamp":1769685278000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Against AI ethics: challenging the conventional narratives"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Saleh","family":"Afroogh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasser","family":"Pouresmaeil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amit","family":"Dhurandhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"978_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/S44163-023-00074-4\/TABLES\/3","volume":"3","author":"K Xivuri","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xivuri, K., Twinomurinzi, H.: How AI developers can assure algorithmic fairness. Discov. Artif. Intell. 3(1), 1\u201321 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S44163-023-00074-4\/TABLES\/3","journal-title":"Discov. Artif. Intell."},{"issue":"3","key":"978_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"050","DOI":"10.30574\/GSCARR.2024.18.3.0088","volume":"18","author":"O Akinrinola","year":"2024","unstructured":"Akinrinola, O., et al.: Navigating and reviewing ethical dilemmas in AI development: strategies for transparency, fairness, and accountability. GSC Adv. Res. Rev. 18(3), 050\u2013058 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30574\/GSCARR.2024.18.3.0088","journal-title":"GSC Adv. Res. Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"978_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1007\/S00146-022-01498-9\/METRICS","volume":"39","author":"M Hedlund","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hedlund, M., Persson, E.: Expert responsibility in AI development. AI Soc. 39(2), 453\u2013464 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S00146-022-01498-9\/METRICS","journal-title":"AI Soc."},{"issue":"2","key":"978_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1007\/S12394-010-0055-X","volume":"3","author":"P Schaar","year":"2010","unstructured":"Schaar, P., Schaar, P.: Privacy by design. Ident. Inf. Soc. 3(2), 267\u2013274 (2010). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S12394-010-0055-X","journal-title":"Ident. Inf. Soc."},{"key":"978_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bernstein, M.S. et al.: ESR: ethics and society review of artificial intelligence research. arXiv:2106.11521 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/ARXIV.2106.11521","DOI":"10.48550\/ARXIV.2106.11521"},{"key":"978_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dignum, V. et al.: Ethics by design: necessity or curse? In: AIES 2018\u2014Proceedings of the 2018 AAAI\/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society, pp. 60\u201366 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3278721.3278745.","DOI":"10.1145\/3278721.3278745"},{"key":"978_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/SSRN.4751942","author":"I Assuncao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Assuncao, I.: Proprietary and open-source artificial intelligence: the regulatory challenges of a janus-faced technology. SSRN Electron. J. (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2139\/SSRN.4751942","journal-title":"SSRN Electron. J."},{"issue":"2","key":"978_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1007\/S43681-022-00156-6","volume":"3","author":"B Attard-Frost","year":"2022","unstructured":"Attard-Frost, B., De los R\u00edos, A., Walters, D.R.: The ethics of AI business practices: a review of 47 AI ethics guidelines. AI Ethics 3(2), 389\u2013406 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S43681-022-00156-6","journal-title":"AI Ethics"},{"key":"978_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3414805","author":"A Daly","year":"2019","unstructured":"Daly, A., et al.: Artificial intelligence governance and ethics: global perspectives. SSRN Electron. J. (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.3414805","journal-title":"SSRN Electron. J."},{"issue":"12","key":"978_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2705","DOI":"10.1177\/14614448211000327","volume":"24","author":"JA Cain","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cain, J.A., Imre, I.: Everybody wants some: collection and control of personal information, privacy concerns, and social media use. New Media Soc. 24(12), 2705\u20132724 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/14614448211000327","journal-title":"New Media Soc."},{"key":"978_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kyi, L., Mhaidli, A., Santos, C., Roesner, F., Biega, A.: It doesn\u2019t tell me anything about how my data is used: user perceptions of data collection purposes (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3613904.3642260.","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642260"},{"issue":"1","key":"978_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100702","DOI":"10.1016\/J.HLPT.2022.100702","volume":"12","author":"R Agarwal","year":"2023","unstructured":"Agarwal, R., et al.: Addressing algorithmic bias and the perpetuation of health inequities: an AI bias aware framework. Health Policy Technol. 12(1), 100702 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.HLPT.2022.100702","journal-title":"Health Policy Technol."},{"key":"978_CR13","unstructured":"M. B.-J.: Assessing the impact of transparent AI systems in enhancing user trust and privacy. Accessed 21 May 2024. https:\/\/www.thesciencebrigade.com\/jst\/article\/view\/68"},{"key":"978_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lawless, W., Sofge, D.: Evaluations: autonomy and artificial intelligence: a threat or savior? 2017. Accessed 21 May 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-59719-5_13","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-59719-5_13"},{"key":"978_CR15","unstructured":"S. C.-N. D. J.: Artificial intelligence and the problem of autonomy. HeinOnline. Accessed 21 May 2024. https:\/\/heinonline.org\/hol-cgi-bin\/get_pdf.cgi?handle=hein.journals\/ndjet1%26section=11"},{"key":"978_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/FRAI.2022.832736\/FULL","author":"A Georgieff","year":"2022","unstructured":"Georgieff, A., Hyee, R.: Artificial intelligence and employment: new cross-country evidence. Front Artif Intell (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/FRAI.2022.832736\/FULL","journal-title":"Front Artif Intell"},{"key":"978_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S2424786321410139","author":"S Shao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shao, S., Shi, Z., Shi, Y.: Impact of AI on employment in manufacturing industry. Int. J. Financ. Eng. (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1142\/S2424786321410139","journal-title":"Int. J. Financ. Eng."},{"issue":"4","key":"978_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s43154-020-00024-3","volume":"1","author":"D Amoroso","year":"2020","unstructured":"Amoroso, D., Tamburrini, G.: Autonomous weapons systems and meaningful human control: ethical and legal issues. Curr. Robot. Rep. 1(4), 187\u2013194 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43154-020-00024-3","journal-title":"Curr. Robot. Rep."},{"issue":"5","key":"978_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1007\/S11948-017-9975-2","volume":"24","author":"A Howard","year":"2018","unstructured":"Howard, A., Borenstein, J.: The ugly truth about ourselves and our robot creations: the problem of bias and social inequity. Sci. Eng. Ethics 24(5), 1521\u20131536 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S11948-017-9975-2","journal-title":"Sci. Eng. Ethics"},{"key":"978_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/RCS.1968","author":"S O\u2019Sullivan","year":"2019","unstructured":"O\u2019Sullivan, S., et al.: Legal, regulatory, and ethical frameworks for development of standards in artificial intelligence (AI) and autonomous robotic surgery. Int. J. Med. Robot. Comput. Assist. Surg. (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/RCS.1968","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Robot. Comput. Assist. Surg."},{"key":"978_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Aizenberg, E., Van Den Hoven, J.: Designing for human rights in AI. Accessed 21 May 2024 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2053951720949566","DOI":"10.1177\/2053951720949566"},{"key":"978_CR22","unstructured":"R. R.-J. of R. Technology and undefined 2020 Legal and human rights issues of AI: Gaps, challenges and vulnerabilities. Accessed 21 May 2024. https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S2666659620300056"},{"key":"978_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ernst, E., Merola, R.: Economics of artificial intelligence: implications for the future of work. Accessed 21 May 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478\/izajolp-2019-0004","DOI":"10.2478\/izajolp-2019-0004"},{"key":"978_CR24","unstructured":"Lawrence, M., Roberts, C., King, L.: Managing automation: employment, inequality and ethics in the digital age. Accessed 21 May 2024 (2017). https:\/\/apo.org.au\/sites\/default\/files\/resource-files\/2017-12\/apo-nid126336.pdf"},{"key":"978_CR25","unstructured":"Bohnsack, R., Bidmon, C., Pinkse, J.: Sustainability in the digital age: Intended and unintended consequences of digital technologies for sustainable development. 2022. Accessed 21 May 2024 (2024). https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Jonatan-Pinkse\/publication\/357308899_Sustainability_in_the_digital_age_Intended_and_unintended_consequences_of_digital_technologies_for_sustainable_development\/links\/61c5da15d450060816654958\/Sustainability-in-the-digital-age-Intended-and-unintended-consequences-of-digital-technologies-for-sustainable-development.pdf"},{"key":"978_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, X., Despeisse, M., B. J.- Sustainability, and undefined Environmental sustainability of digitalization in manufacturing: a review. Accessed 21 May 2024. https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2071-1050\/12\/24\/10298","DOI":"10.3390\/su122410298"},{"issue":"5","key":"978_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1080\/10807030490513856","volume":"10","author":"A K\u00f6hler","year":"2004","unstructured":"K\u00f6hler, A., Erdmann, L.: Expected environmental impacts of pervasive computing. Human Ecol. Risk Assess. 10(5), 831\u2013852 (2004). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10807030490513856","journal-title":"Human Ecol. Risk Assess."},{"key":"978_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Anderson, S.: AI and ethics. Accessed 21 May 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43681-020-00003-6","DOI":"10.1007\/s43681-020-00003-6"},{"key":"978_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S13347-022-00553-Z","author":"T Hagendorff","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hagendorff, T.: A virtue-based framework to support putting AI ethics into practice. Philos. Technol. (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S13347-022-00553-Z","journal-title":"Philos. Technol."},{"key":"978_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1201\/9781351251389-27\/CONSEQUENTIALISM-DEONTOLOGY-ARTIFICIAL-INTELLIGENCE-SAFETY-MARK-WALKER","volume":"411","author":"M Walker","year":"2021","unstructured":"Walker, M.: Consequentialism, deontology, and artificial intelligence safety. Artif. Intell. Saf. Secur. 411, 421 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1201\/9781351251389-27\/CONSEQUENTIALISM-DEONTOLOGY-ARTIFICIAL-INTELLIGENCE-SAFETY-MARK-WALKER","journal-title":"Artif. Intell. Saf. Secur."},{"key":"978_CR31","unstructured":"McGee, R.: How ethical is utilitarian ethics? A study in artificial intelligence. Accessed 21 May 2024 (2024). https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Robert-Mcgee-5\/publication\/378310936_How_Ethical_Is_Utilitarian_Ethics_A_Study_in_Artificial_Intelligence\/links\/65d3dcb101325d4652155e13\/How-Ethical-Is-Utilitarian-Ethics-A-Study-in-Artificial-Intelligence.pdf"},{"issue":"6","key":"978_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2855","DOI":"10.1111\/BJET.12868","volume":"50","author":"K Kitto","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kitto, K., Knight, S.: Practical ethics for building learning analytics. Br. J. Educ. Technol. 50(6), 2855\u20132870 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/BJET.12868","journal-title":"Br. J. Educ. Technol."},{"issue":"4","key":"978_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1108\/JICES-12-2020-0125\/FULL\/HTML","volume":"20","author":"AS Franzke","year":"2022","unstructured":"Franzke, A.S.: An exploratory qualitative analysis of AI ethics guidelines. J. Inf. Commun. Ethics Soc. 20(4), 401\u2013423 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/JICES-12-2020-0125\/FULL\/HTML","journal-title":"J. Inf. Commun. Ethics Soc."},{"key":"978_CR34","unstructured":"M. K.-I. C. on C. Ethics and undefined 2023, \u201cUnintelligible Artificial Intelligence and Virtue Ethics,\u201d soremo.library.iit.eduM KhaliliInternational Conference on Computer Ethics, 2023 soremo.library.iit.edu. Accessed 13 Jun 2024. https:\/\/soremo.library.iit.edu\/index.php\/CEPE2023\/article\/download\/249\/253"},{"key":"978_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Murray, G.: Stoic ethics for artificial agents. 2017. http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1701.02388","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-57351-9_42"},{"key":"978_CR36","unstructured":"Berberich, N., Diepold, K.: The virtuous machine\u2014old ethics for new technology?. Accessed 13 Jun 2024 (2018). http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1806.10322"},{"key":"978_CR37","unstructured":"Hagendorff, T.: AI virtues\u2014the missing link in putting AI ethics into practice. Accessed 13 Jun 2024 (2020). http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2011.12750"},{"key":"978_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01313-4_49","volume":"539","author":"Z Feng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Feng, Z.: Does AI Share same ethic with human being?: From the perspective of virtue ethics. IFIP Adv. Inf. Commun. Technol. 539, 465\u2013472 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-01313-4_49","journal-title":"IFIP Adv. Inf. Commun. Technol."},{"key":"978_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shank, D.B., North, M., Arnold, C., Gamez, P.: Can mind perception explain virtuous character judgments of artificial intelligence? (2021) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/tmb0000047.supp.","DOI":"10.1037\/tmb0000047.supp"},{"key":"978_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S00146-022-01545-5","author":"M Farina","year":"2022","unstructured":"Farina, M., Zhdanov, P., Karimov, A., Lavazza, A.: AI and society: a virtue ethics approach. AI Soc. (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S00146-022-01545-5","journal-title":"AI Soc."},{"issue":"4","key":"978_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1007\/S00146-020-00977-1","volume":"35","author":"P Gamez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gamez, P., Shank, D.B., Arnold, C., North, M.: Artificial virtue: the machine question and perceptions of moral character in artificial moral agents. AI Soc. 35(4), 795\u2013809 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S00146-020-00977-1","journal-title":"AI Soc."},{"key":"978_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Steen, M., Sand, M., I. V. de P.-B. and P. Ethics, and undefined 2021 Virtue ethics for responsible innovation. pdcnet.orgM Steen, M Sand, I Van de PoelBusiness and Professional Ethics Journal, 2021\u2022pdcnet.org 40(2), 243 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5840\/bpej2021319108","DOI":"10.5840\/bpej2021319108"},{"issue":"6","key":"978_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1007\/S12369-022-00887-W","volume":"14","author":"M Constantinescu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Constantinescu, M., Crisp, R.: Can robotic AI systems be virtuous and why does this matter? Int. J. Soc. Robot. 14(6), 1547\u20131557 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S12369-022-00887-W","journal-title":"Int. J. Soc. Robot."},{"issue":"1","key":"978_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/S12369-020-00700-6","volume":"13","author":"ML Cappuccio","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cappuccio, M.L., Sandoval, E.B., Mubin, O., Obaid, M., Velonaki, M.: Can robots make us better humans? Virtuous robotics and the good life with artificial agents. Int. J. Soc. Robot. 13(1), 7\u201322 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S12369-020-00700-6","journal-title":"Int. J. Soc. Robot."},{"key":"978_CR45","unstructured":"Maiyane, K.: Ethics of artificial intelligence: virtue ethics as a solution to artificial moral reasoning in the context of lethal autonomous weapon systems. In: South African Forum for Artificial Intelligence Research, M. Davel and E. Barnard, Eds., Cape Town, South Africa: Multilingual Speech Technologies, North-West University, South Africa; and CAIR, South Africa (2019)"},{"issue":"3","key":"978_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1108\/JICES-01-2021-0004","volume":"19","author":"M Bay","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bay, M.: Four challenges to Confucian virtue ethics in technology. J. Inf. Commun. Ethics Soc. 19(3), 358\u2013373 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/JICES-01-2021-0004","journal-title":"J. Inf. Commun. Ethics Soc."},{"issue":"1","key":"978_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1177\/14778785241231561","volume":"22","author":"N Smith","year":"2024","unstructured":"Smith, N., Vickers, D.: Living well with AI: virtue, education, and artificial intelligence. Theory Res. Educ. 22(1), 19\u201344 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/14778785241231561","journal-title":"Theory Res. Educ."},{"issue":"4","key":"978_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1007\/s00146-021-01325-7","volume":"38","author":"J Stenseke","year":"2023","unstructured":"Stenseke, J.: Artificial virtuous agents: from theory to machine implementation. AI Soc. 38(4), 1301\u20131320 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00146-021-01325-7","journal-title":"AI Soc."},{"issue":"4","key":"978_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1007\/s10676-021-09616-9","volume":"23","author":"M Constantinescu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Constantinescu, M., Voinea, C., Uszkai, R., Vic\u0103, C.: Understanding responsibility in Responsible AI. Dianoetic virtues and the hard problem of context. Ethics Inf. Technol. 23(4), 803\u2013814 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10676-021-09616-9","journal-title":"Ethics Inf. Technol."},{"issue":"3","key":"978_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/s12152-019-09401-y","volume":"13","author":"F Lara","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lara, F., Deckers, J.: Artificial intelligence as a Socratic assistant for moral enhancement. Neuroethics 13(3), 275\u2013287 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12152-019-09401-y","journal-title":"Neuroethics"},{"issue":"3","key":"978_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s13347-022-00553-z","volume":"35","author":"T Hagendorff","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hagendorff, T.: A virtue-based framework to support putting AI ethics into practice. Philos. Technol. 35(3), 55 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13347-022-00553-z","journal-title":"Philos. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"978_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/s43681-021-00089-6","volume":"2","author":"S Hindocha","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hindocha, S., Badea, C.: Moral exemplars for the virtuous machine: the clinician\u2019s role in ethical artificial intelligence for healthcare. AI Ethics 2(1), 167\u2013175 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43681-021-00089-6","journal-title":"AI Ethics"},{"key":"978_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s43681-024-00472-z","author":"P Hayes","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hayes, P., Fitzpatrick, N., Ferr\u00e1ndez, J.M.: From applied ethics and ethical principles to virtue and narrative in AI practices. AI Ethics (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43681-024-00472-z","journal-title":"AI Ethics"},{"issue":"1","key":"978_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s44163-022-00028-2","volume":"2","author":"A Raquib","year":"2022","unstructured":"Raquib, A., Channa, B., Zubair, T., Qadir, J.: Islamic virtue-based ethics for artificial intelligence. Discov. Artif. Intell. 2(1), 11 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s44163-022-00028-2","journal-title":"Discov. Artif. Intell."},{"key":"978_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/SSRN.3566919","author":"M Ferreira","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ferreira, M.: Virtue and artificial moral intelligence. SSRN Electron. J. (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2139\/SSRN.3566919","journal-title":"SSRN Electron. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"978_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.5325\/jpoststud.3.1.0005","volume":"3","author":"J Danaher","year":"2019","unstructured":"Danaher, J.: The philosophical case for robot friendship. J. Posthuman Stud. 3(1), 5\u201324 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5325\/jpoststud.3.1.0005","journal-title":"J. Posthuman Stud."},{"issue":"2","key":"978_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bushor.2019.11.001","volume":"63","author":"MJ Neubert","year":"2020","unstructured":"Neubert, M.J., Monta\u00f1ez, G.D.: Virtue as a framework for the design and use of artificial intelligence. Bus. Horiz. 63(2), 195\u2013204 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bushor.2019.11.001","journal-title":"Bus. Horiz."},{"key":"978_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mcdonald, F.J., Kim, T.W., Hooker, J., Donaldson, T.: AI, alignment, and the categorical imperative. SpringerFJ McDonaldAI and Ethics 3(1), 337\u2013344 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43681-022-00160-w","DOI":"10.1007\/s43681-022-00160-w"},{"key":"978_CR59","unstructured":"Alessandro, W.D.: Deontology and safe artificial intelligence. philpapers.orgW D\u2019Alessandrophilpapers.org, Accessed 13 June 2024. https:\/\/philpapers.org\/rec\/DALDAS"},{"key":"978_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shea-Blymyer, C., Abbas, H.: A deontic logic analysis of autonomous systems\u2019 safety. dl.acm.orgC Shea-Blymyer, H AbbasProceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Hybrid Systems, 2020\u2022dl.acm.org, 11 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3365365.3382203","DOI":"10.1145\/3365365.3382203"},{"key":"978_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Prabhumoye, S., Boldt, B., Salakhutdinov, R., Black, A.W.: Case study: deontological ethics in NLP. In: NAACL-HLT 2021\u20132021 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Proceedings of the Conference, pp. 3784\u20133798 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18653\/v1\/2021.naacl-main.297","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.naacl-main.297"},{"issue":"2015","key":"978_CR62","first-page":"871","volume":"70","author":"TW Kim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kim, T.W., Hooker, J., Donaldson, T.: Taking principles seriously: a hybrid approach to value alignment. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research (JAIR) 70(2015), 871\u2013890 (2020)","journal-title":"Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research (JAIR)"},{"issue":"4","key":"978_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1609\/AIMAG.V40I4.2863","volume":"40","author":"J Hooker","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hooker, J., Kim, T.W.: Truly autonomous machines are ethical. AI Mag. 40(4), 66\u201373 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1609\/AIMAG.V40I4.2863","journal-title":"AI Mag."},{"key":"978_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Duran, P., Gilabert, P., Segu\u00ed, S., J. V.-A. T. on Intelligent, and undefined 2024 Overcoming diverse undesired effects in recommender systems: a deontological approach. dl.acm.orgPG Duran, P Gilabert, S Segu\u00ed, J Vitri\u00e0ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology, 2024\u2022dl.acm.org (2024) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3643857","DOI":"10.1145\/3643857"},{"key":"978_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Loi, M., Heitz, C., M. C.-2020 7th S. C. on, and undefined 2020, A comparative assessment and synthesis of twenty ethics codes on AI and big data. ieeexplore.ieee.orgM Loi, C Heitz, M Christen2020 7th Swiss Conference on Data Science (SDS), 2020\u2022ieeexplore.ieee.org, pp. 41\u201346, (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/sds49233.2020.00015","DOI":"10.1109\/sds49233.2020.00015"},{"key":"978_CR66","unstructured":"Anderson, S., M. A.-W. at the twenty-fifth AAAI, and undefined 2011 A prima facie duty approach to machine ethics and its application to elder care. cdn.aaai.orgSL Anderson, M AndersonWorkshops at the twenty-fifth AAAI conference on artificial intelligence, 2011\u2022cdn.aaai.org, 2011, Accessed: Jun. 13, 2024. https:\/\/cdn.aaai.org\/ocs\/ws\/ws0667\/3812-16708-1-PB.pdf"},{"issue":"2","key":"978_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1080\/17439884.2022.2156536","volume":"48","author":"C Perrotta","year":"2023","unstructured":"Perrotta, C.: Advancing data justice in education: some suggestions towards a deontological framework. Learn. Media Technol. 48(2), 187\u2013199 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17439884.2022.2156536","journal-title":"Learn. Media Technol."},{"key":"978_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hooker, J.N., Kim, T.W.: Toward non-intuition-based machine and artificial intelligence ethics: a deontological approach based on modal logic. In: AIES 2018\u2014Proceedings of the 2018 AAAI\/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society, pp. 130\u2013136 (2018) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3278721.3278753","DOI":"10.1145\/3278721.3278753"},{"key":"978_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Siorad\u00e1in, D., M. C.-2021 4th I. C. of, and undefined 2021, Apple pie to Apollo 13: the need to refocus engineering ethics with deontological elements, similar to medical ethics. ieeexplore.ieee.orgD\u00d3 Siorad\u00e1in, M Carr2021 4th International Conference of the Portuguese Society for, 2021\u2022ieeexplore.ieee.org, Accessed 13 Jun 2024. https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/abstract\/document\/9507216\/","DOI":"10.1109\/CISPEE47794.2021.9507216"},{"key":"978_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chakraborty, A., Bhuyan, N., In, N.: Can artificial intelligence be a Kantian moral agent? On moral autonomy of AI system. SpringerA Chakraborty, N BhuyanAI and Ethics 1(2), 3 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43681-023-00269-6","DOI":"10.1007\/s43681-023-00269-6"},{"key":"978_CR71","unstructured":"Diana, R., Jo\u00e3o, V.: Ethics and deontology in information systems\u2014evolution of professional codes. In: CAPSI 2023 Proceedings, 2023, pp. 197\u2013209."},{"key":"978_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frai.2020.00036","author":"P Schramowski","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schramowski, P., Turan, C., Jentzsch, S., Rothkopf, C., Kersting, K.: The moral choice machine. Front. Artif. Intell. (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/frai.2020.00036","journal-title":"Front. Artif. Intell."},{"key":"978_CR73","unstructured":"Thomas, M.P.: Deontological machine ethics. In: M. Anderson, S. L. Anderson, C. Armen (eds.) Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence Fall Symposium Technical Report. (2005)."},{"issue":"4","key":"978_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.3390\/info11040228","volume":"11","author":"A Spahn","year":"2020","unstructured":"Spahn, A.: Digital objects, digital subjects and digital societies: deontology in the age of digitalization. Information 11(4), 228 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/info11040228","journal-title":"Information"},{"issue":"4","key":"978_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1109\/MIS.2006.77","volume":"21","author":"TM Powers","year":"2006","unstructured":"Powers, T.M.: Prospects for a Kantian machine. IEEE Intell. Syst. 21(4), 46\u201351 (2006). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MIS.2006.77","journal-title":"IEEE Intell. Syst."},{"issue":"1","key":"978_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-021-04843-y","volume":"179","author":"E Hermann","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hermann, E.: Leveraging artificial intelligence in marketing for social good\u2014an ethical perspective. J. Bus. Ethics 179(1), 43\u201361 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10551-021-04843-y","journal-title":"J. Bus. Ethics"},{"key":"978_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1613\/jair.1.12481","volume":"70","author":"TW Kim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim, T.W., Hooker, J., Donaldson, T.: Taking principles seriously: a hybrid approach to value alignment in artificial intelligence. J. Artif. Intell. Res. 70, 871\u2013890 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1613\/jair.1.12481","journal-title":"J. Artif. Intell. Res."},{"key":"978_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107590","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2022.107590","volume":"140","author":"A Schurr","year":"2023","unstructured":"Schurr, A., Moran, S.: The presence of automation enhances deontological considerations in moral judgments. Comput. Human Behav. 140, 107590 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2022.107590","journal-title":"Comput. Human Behav."},{"key":"978_CR79","first-page":"59","volume":"43","author":"O Ulgen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ulgen, O.: Kantian ethics in the age of artificial intelligence and robotics. QIL 43, 59\u201383 (2017)","journal-title":"QIL"},{"issue":"1","key":"978_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1007\/s00146-018-0871-3","volume":"35","author":"WA Bauer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bauer, W.A.: Virtuous vs. utilitarian artificial moral agents. AI Soc. 35(1), 263\u2013271 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00146-018-0871-3","journal-title":"AI Soc."},{"key":"978_CR81","unstructured":"Pasopati, R.U., Podhang Bethari, C., Syifanaya, D., Nurdin, F., Camila, M.S., Hidayat, S.A.: Ethical consequentialism in values and principles of UNESCO\u2019s recommendation on the ethics of artificial intelligence. sunankalijaga.orgRU Pasopati, CP Bethari, DSF Nurdin, MS Camila, SA HidayatProceeding International Conference on Religion, Science and Education, 2024\u2022sunankalijaga.org 3, 567\u2013579 (2024). Accessed 13 Jun 2024. http:\/\/sunankalijaga.org\/prosiding\/index.php\/icrse\/article\/view\/1139"},{"key":"978_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Aliman, N.M., Kester, L.: Augmented utilitarianism for AGI safety. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 11654 LNAI, pp. 11\u201321 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-27005-6_2","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-27005-6_2"},{"key":"978_CR83","unstructured":"Roff, H.M.: Expected utilitarianism (2020). http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2008.07321"},{"key":"978_CR84","unstructured":"Bin Emdad, F., Ho, S.M., Ravuri, B., Hussain, S.: Towards a unified utilitarian ethics framework for healthcare artificial intelligence. Accessed 13 June 2024 (2023). http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2309.14617"},{"key":"978_CR85","unstructured":"Della Foresta, J.: Consequentialism & machine ethics: towards a foundational machine ethic to ensure the right action of artificial moral agents. Accessed 13 Jun 2024 (2020). https:\/\/philpapers.org\/rec\/DELCM-4"},{"issue":"1","key":"978_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.21552\/delphi\/2019\/1\/6","volume":"2","author":"N Aliman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Aliman, N., Kester, L.: Transformative AI governance and AI-empowered ethical enhancement through preemptive simulations. Delphi Interdiscip. Rev. Emerg. Technol. 2(1), 23\u201329 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21552\/delphi\/2019\/1\/6","journal-title":"Delphi Interdiscip. Rev. Emerg. Technol."},{"key":"978_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frai.2020.00034","author":"D Card","year":"2020","unstructured":"Card, D., Smith, N.A.: On consequentialism and fairness. Front. Artif. Intell. (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/frai.2020.00034","journal-title":"Front. Artif. Intell."},{"issue":"6","key":"978_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101988","DOI":"10.1016\/j.telpol.2020.101988","volume":"44","author":"C Feij\u00f3o","year":"2020","unstructured":"Feij\u00f3o, C., et al.: Harnessing artificial intelligence (AI) to increase wellbeing for all: the case for a new technology diplomacy. Telecommun. Policy 44(6), 101988 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.telpol.2020.101988","journal-title":"Telecommun. Policy"},{"key":"978_CR89","unstructured":"McGee, R.: How ethical is utilitarian ethics? A study in artificial intelligence. Accessed 14 June 2024 (2024). https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Robert-Mcgee-5\/publication\/378310936_How_Ethical_Is_Utilitarian_Ethics_A_Study_in_Artificial_Intelligence\/links\/65d3dcb101325d4652155e13\/How-Ethical-Is-Utilitarian-Ethics-A-Study-in-Artificial-Intelligence.pdf"},{"issue":"1","key":"978_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1177\/0022242920957347","volume":"86","author":"C Longoni","year":"2022","unstructured":"Longoni, C., Cian, L.: Artificial intelligence in utilitarian vs. hedonic contexts: the \u2018word-of-machine\u2019 effect. J. Mark. 86(1), 91\u2013108 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0022242920957347","journal-title":"J. Mark."},{"issue":"4","key":"978_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1109\/MIS.2006.81","volume":"21","author":"C Grau","year":"2006","unstructured":"Grau, C.: There is no \u2018I\u2019 in \u2018Robot\u2019: robots and utilitarianism. IEEE Intell. Syst. 21(4), 52\u201355 (2006). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MIS.2006.81","journal-title":"IEEE Intell. Syst."},{"issue":"1","key":"978_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1007\/s00146-021-01169-1","volume":"37","author":"\u0160 Cvik","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cvik, \u0160: Categorization and challenges of utilitarianisms in the context of artificial intelligence. AI Soc. 37(1), 291\u2013297 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00146-021-01169-1","journal-title":"AI Soc."},{"key":"978_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780190652951.003.0017","volume-title":"When Robots Should Do the Wrong Thing","author":"B Talbot","year":"2017","unstructured":"Talbot, B., Jenkins, R., Purves, D.: When Robots Should Do the Wrong Thing, vol. 1. Oxford University Press, Oxford (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oso\/9780190652951.003.0017"},{"issue":"2","key":"978_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1080\/21507740.2020.1740354","volume":"11","author":"TN Rieder","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rieder, T.N., Hutler, B., Mathews, D.J.H.: Artificial intelligence in service of human needs: pragmatic first steps toward an ethics for semi-autonomous agents. AJOB Neurosci. 11(2), 120\u2013127 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21507740.2020.1740354","journal-title":"AJOB Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"978_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/s00146-017-0760-1","volume":"35","author":"S B.-A.","year":"2020","unstructured":"B.-A., S.: Social choice ethics in artificial intelligence. AI Soc. 35(1), 165\u2013176 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00146-017-0760-1","journal-title":"AI Soc."},{"key":"978_CR96","unstructured":"Hendrycks, D., et al.: Aligning AI with shared human values. In: ICLR 2021\u20139th International Conference on Learning Representations (2021)."},{"issue":"1","key":"978_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.5324\/eip.v15i1.3756","volume":"15","author":"TS Petersen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Petersen, T.S.: Ethical guidelines for the use of artificial intelligence and the challenges from value conflicts. Etikk i Praksis-Nordic J. Appl. Ethics 15(1), 25\u201340 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5324\/eip.v15i1.3756","journal-title":"Etikk i Praksis-Nordic J. Appl. Ethics"},{"issue":"1","key":"978_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.2143\/EP.30.1.0000000","volume":"30","author":"Q Zhu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhu, Q.: Just hierarchy and the ethics of artificial intelligence: two approaches to a relational ethic for artificial intelligence. Ethical Perspect. 30(1), 59\u201359 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2143\/EP.30.1.0000000","journal-title":"Ethical Perspect."},{"issue":"2","key":"978_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s10676-017-9419-3","volume":"0","author":"D Leben","year":"2017","unstructured":"Leben, D.: A Rawlsian algorithm for autonomous vehicles. Ethics Inf. Technol. 0(2), 3 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10676-017-9419-3","journal-title":"Ethics Inf. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"978_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.3390\/joitmc5010018","volume":"5","author":"J Leikas","year":"2019","unstructured":"Leikas, J., Koivisto, R., Gotcheva, N.: Ethical framework for designing autonomous intelligent systems. J. Open Innov. Technol. Mark. Complex. 5(1), 18 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/joitmc5010018","journal-title":"J. Open Innov. Technol. Mark. Complex."},{"issue":"2","key":"978_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1080\/21582041.2018.1563803","volume":"16","author":"R Iphofen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Iphofen, R., Kritikos, M.: Regulating artificial intelligence and robotics: ethics by design in a digital society. Contemp. Soc. Sci. 16(2), 170\u2013184 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21582041.2018.1563803","journal-title":"Contemp. Soc. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"978_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/s10676-010-9235-5","volume":"12","author":"M Coeckelbergh","year":"2010","unstructured":"Coeckelbergh, M.: Robot rights? Towards a social-relational justification of moral consideration. Ethics Inf. Technol. 12(3), 209\u2013221 (2010). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10676-010-9235-5","journal-title":"Ethics Inf. Technol."},{"issue":"4","key":"978_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1007\/s11023-022-09604-y","volume":"32","author":"S Arfini","year":"2022","unstructured":"Arfini, S., Spinelli, D., Chiffi, D.: Ethics of self-driving cars: a naturalistic approach. Minds Mach. 32(4), 717\u2013734 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11023-022-09604-y","journal-title":"Minds Mach."},{"key":"978_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2213709120","author":"L Weidinger","year":"2023","unstructured":"Weidinger, L., et al.: Using the Veil of Ignorance to align AI systems with principles of justice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2213709120","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"978_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Stahl, B.C.: Concepts of ethics and their application to AI, pp. 19\u201333 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-69978-9_3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-69978-9_3"},{"key":"978_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artint.2020.103239","volume":"281","author":"TJ Bench-Capon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bench-Capon, T.J.: Ethical approaches and autonomous systems. Artif. Intell. 281, 103239 (2020)","journal-title":"Artif. Intell."},{"key":"978_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100086","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sftr.2022.100086","volume":"4","author":"J Boldt","year":"2022","unstructured":"Boldt, J., Orr\u00f9, E.: Towards a unified list of ethical principles for emerging technologies. An analysis of four European reports on molecular biotechnology and artificial. Sustain. Futures 4, 100086 (2022)","journal-title":"Sustain. Futures"},{"issue":"3","key":"978_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.22364\/bjmc.2019.7.3.11","volume":"7","author":"E Molotokien\u0117","year":"2019","unstructured":"Molotokien\u0117, E.: Rethinking radical imagination: ethics of artificial intelligence. Baltic J. Modern Comput. 7(3), 444\u2013453 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22364\/bjmc.2019.7.3.11","journal-title":"Baltic J. Modern Comput."},{"key":"978_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Etzioni, A.: Incorporating ethics into artificial intelligence (with Oren Etzioni), pp. 235\u2013252 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-69623-2_15","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-69623-2_15"},{"key":"978_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2017\/655","author":"V Dignum","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dignum, V.: Responsible autonomy. IJCAI Int. Joint Conf. Artif. Intell. (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24963\/ijcai.2017\/655","journal-title":"IJCAI Int. Joint Conf. Artif. Intell."},{"key":"978_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5527","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2018\/779","volume":"2018-July","author":"H Yu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yu, H., Shen, Z., Miao, C., Leung, C., Lesser, V.R., Yang, Q.: Building ethics into artificial intelligence. IJCAI Int. Joint Conf. Artif. Intell. 2018-July, 5527\u20135533 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24963\/ijcai.2018\/779","journal-title":"IJCAI Int. Joint Conf. Artif. Intell."},{"key":"978_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3419633","author":"S Tolmeijer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tolmeijer, S., Kneer, M., Sarasua, C., Christen, M., Bernstein, A.: Implementations in machine ethics: a survey. ACM Comput. Surv. (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3419633","journal-title":"ACM Comput. Surv."},{"key":"978_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.03.05.583335.abstract","author":"E Fabre","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fabre, E., Mouratille, D., Bonnemain, V.: Making moral decisions with artificial agents as advisors. An fNIRS Study. Comput. Human Behav. Artif. Humans. (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2024.03.05.583335.abstract","journal-title":"Comput. Human Behav. Artif. Humans."},{"key":"978_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Loi, M., Spielkamp, M.: Towards accountability in the use of artificial intelligence for public administrations. In: Proceedings of the 2021 AAAI\/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society, 2021, pp. 757\u2013766 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3461702.3462631","DOI":"10.1145\/3461702.3462631"},{"key":"978_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Colmenarejo, A.B., et al.: Fairness in agreement with European values: an interdisciplinary perspective on AI regulation. In: AIES 2022\u2014Proceedings of the 2022 AAAI\/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society, pp. 107\u2013118 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3514094.3534158.","DOI":"10.1145\/3514094.3534158"},{"key":"978_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1109\/MIS.2023.3320875","volume":"38","author":"R Seeamber","year":"2023","unstructured":"Seeamber, R., Badea, C.: If our aim is to build morality into an artificial agent, how might we begin to go about doing so? IEEE Intell. Syst. 38, 35\u201341 (2023)","journal-title":"IEEE Intell. Syst."},{"key":"978_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.7413\/24208914133","volume":"17","author":"R Redaelli","year":"2022","unstructured":"Redaelli, R.: Composite intentionality and responsibility for an ethics of artificial intelligence. Scenari Rivista Semestrale di Filosofia Contemporanea 17, 159\u2013176 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7413\/24208914133","journal-title":"Scenari Rivista Semestrale di Filosofia Contemporanea"},{"key":"978_CR118","first-page":"22","volume":"38","author":"E Burton","year":"2017","unstructured":"Burton, E., Goldsmith, J., Koenig, S., Kuipers, B., Mattei, N., Walsh, T.: Ethical considerations in artificial intelligence courses. AI Mag. 38, 22\u201334 (2017)","journal-title":"AI Mag."},{"key":"978_CR119","first-page":"1","volume":"30","author":"J Greene","year":"2016","unstructured":"Greene, J., Rossi, F., Watson, I.T.J., Tasioulas, J., Venable, K.B., Williams, B.: Embedding ethical principles in collective decision support systems. Proc. AAAI Conf. Artif. Intell. 30, 1 (2016)","journal-title":"Proc. AAAI Conf. Artif. Intell."},{"key":"978_CR120","unstructured":"Kuipers, B.: Human-like morality and ethics for robots. In: Workshops at the Thirtieth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. Accessed 13 June 2024. https:\/\/cdn.aaai.org\/ocs\/ws\/ws0169\/12581-57413-1-PB.pdf"},{"key":"978_CR121","unstructured":"Burton, E., Goldsmith, J., Mattei, N.: Using The Machine Stops for teaching ethics in artificial intelligence and computer science. In: Workshops at the Thirtieth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. Accessed 13 June 2024. https:\/\/cdn.aaai.org\/ocs\/ws\/ws0208\/12623-57411-1-PB.pdf"},{"key":"978_CR122","unstructured":"Kuipers, B.: Toward morality and ethics for robots. AAAI Spring Symposium. Accessed 13 Jun 2024 (2016). https:\/\/cdn.aaai.org\/ocs\/12688\/12688-56149-1-PB.pdf"},{"key":"978_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buijsman, S., Klenk, M., van den Hoven, J.: Ethics of artificial intelligence. In: Cambridge Handbook on the Law, Ethics and Policy of AI, N. Smuha, Ed. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2024, ch. 4","DOI":"10.1017\/9781009367783.005"},{"key":"978_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kim, B., Wen, R., Zhu, Q., Williams, T.: Robots as moral advisors: the effects of deontological, virtue, and confucian role ethics on encouraging honest behavior. In: Companion of the 2021 ACM\/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot, pp. 10\u201318 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3434074.3446908.","DOI":"10.1145\/3434074.3446908"},{"key":"978_CR125","unstructured":"Rothenberger, L., Fabian, B.: Relevance of ethical guidelines for artificial intelligence-a survey and evaluation. ECIS, 2019 Accessed 13 June 2024 (2024). https:\/\/core.ac.uk\/download\/pdf\/301379344.pdf"},{"issue":"06","key":"978_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47868","DOI":"10.37118\/ijdr.22108.06.2021","volume":"11","author":"P C\u00f3rdova","year":"2021","unstructured":"C\u00f3rdova, P.: A conceptual model for artificial moral agents (ama) in the educational context. J. Dev. Res. 11(06), 47868\u201347871 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.37118\/ijdr.22108.06.2021","journal-title":"J. Dev. Res."},{"key":"978_CR127","unstructured":"Doan, J.: Artificial Intelligence: the ethical balance between common good and the demise of the future. Accessed 13 June 2024 (2019). https:\/\/apps.dtic.mil\/sti\/citations\/AD1120902"},{"key":"978_CR128","unstructured":"Kim, B.: AI and its moral concerns (2021). Accessed 13 June 2024. https:\/\/digitalcommons.uri.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1127%26context=lib_ts_pubs"},{"key":"978_CR129","unstructured":"Technology, S.S.: Artificial intelligence or artificial morality. Users and uses: ethics and human interaction through. Accessed 13 June 2024. https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Spyridon-Stelios\/publication\/374259174_Artificial_Intelligence_or_Artificial_Morality\/links\/6515b241321ec5513c1bf298\/Artificial-Intelligence-or-Artificial-Morality.pdf"},{"key":"978_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33697\/ajur.2023.070","author":"E Johnson","year":"2023","unstructured":"Johnson, E., Parrilla, E.: Ethics of artificial intelligence in society. Am. J. Undergr. Res. (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33697\/ajur.2023.070","journal-title":"Am. J. Undergr. Res."},{"key":"978_CR131","unstructured":"Igah, C., Rubanga, D., Ramkisson, L.: A multi-faceted artificial intelligence ethical framework and consideration for Africa. Accessed 13 June 2024. https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Lavina-Ramkissoon\/publication\/374631833_A_Multi-faceted_Artificial_Intelligence_Ethical_Framework_and_Consideration_for_Africa\/links\/6527cb7ebc063850eab9026e\/A-Multi-faceted-Artificial-Intelligence-Ethical-Framework-and-Consideration-for-Africa.pdf"},{"key":"978_CR132","unstructured":"Huang, C., Zhang, Z., Mao, B.: An overview of artificial intelligence ethics. Accessed 13 June 2024. https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/abstract\/document\/9844014\/"},{"key":"978_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Christoforaki, M.: AI ethics\u2014a bird\u2019s eye view. Accessed 13 June 2024 (2022). https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3417\/12\/9\/4130","DOI":"10.3390\/app12094130"},{"key":"978_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gacutan, J.: A statutory right to explanation for decisions generated using artificial intelligence. Int. J. Law Inf. Technol. Accessed 13 June 2024 (2020). https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ijlit\/article-abstract\/28\/3\/193\/5897087","DOI":"10.1093\/ijlit\/eaaa016"},{"issue":"2","key":"978_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1007\/S11948-019-00151-X","volume":"26","author":"JA Cervantes","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cervantes, J.A., L\u00f3pez, S., Rodr\u00edguez, L.F., Cervantes, S., Cervantes, F., Ramos, F.: Artificial moral agents: a survey of the current status. Sci. Eng. Ethics 26(2), 501\u2013532 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S11948-019-00151-X","journal-title":"Sci. Eng. Ethics"},{"issue":"3","key":"978_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1007\/S00146-020-01119-3\/METRICS","volume":"36","author":"L Lauwaert","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lauwaert, L.: Artificial intelligence and responsibility. AI Soc. 36(3), 1001\u20131009 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S00146-020-01119-3\/METRICS","journal-title":"AI Soc."},{"key":"978_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Asaro, P.: Autonomous weapons and the ethics of artificial intelligence. In: Ethics of Artificial Intelligence. Oxford University Press, New York, ch. 7, pp. 212\u2013236 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oso\/9780190905033.003.0008.","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780190905033.003.0008"},{"key":"978_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Baniasadi, Z., Parent, X., Max, C., Cramer, M.: A model for regulating of ethical preferences in machine ethics. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), vol. 10901 LNCS, pp. 481\u2013506 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-91238-7_39\/FIGURES\/8.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-91238-7_39\/FIGURES\/8"},{"issue":"2","key":"978_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.3390\/BS13020181","volume":"13","author":"C Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu, C., et al.: Moral judgments of human vs. AI agents in moral dilemmas. Behav. Sci. 13(2), 181 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/BS13020181","journal-title":"Behav. Sci."},{"key":"978_CR140","first-page":"445","volume-title":"The Bloomsbury Handbook to the Digital Humanities","author":"D Berry","year":"2022","unstructured":"Berry, D.: AI, ethics, and digital humanities. In: O\u2019Sullivan, J. (ed.) The Bloomsbury Handbook to the Digital Humanities, pp. 445\u2013457. Bloomsbury, London (2022)"},{"issue":"4","key":"978_CR141","first-page":"47","volume":"63","author":"T Bracanovic","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bracanovic, T.: No ethics settings for autonomous vehicles. Hung. Philos. Rev. 63(4), 47\u201360 (2019)","journal-title":"Hung. Philos. Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"978_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1007\/S12559-015-9362-8","volume":"8","author":"JA Cervantes","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cervantes, J.A., Rodr\u00edguez, L.F., L\u00f3pez, S., Ramos, F., Robles, F.: Autonomous agents and ethical decision-making. Cognit. Comput. 8(2), 278\u2013296 (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S12559-015-9362-8","journal-title":"Cognit. Comput."},{"issue":"2","key":"978_CR143","first-page":"54","volume":"8","author":"M Sutrop","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sutrop, M.: Challenges of aligning artificial intelligence with human values. Acta Balt. Hist. Philos. Sci. 8(2), 54\u201372 (2020)","journal-title":"Acta Balt. Hist. Philos. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"978_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1177\/09716858221119546","volume":"29","author":"R Cheruvalath","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cheruvalath, R.: Artificial intelligent systems and ethical agency. J. Hum. Values 29(1), 33\u201347 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/09716858221119546","journal-title":"J. Hum. Values"},{"issue":"1","key":"978_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.51219\/JAIMLD\/Moshood-Yahaya\/03","volume":"1","author":"M Yahaya","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yahaya, M., Umagba, A., Obeta, S., Maruyama, T.: Critical evaluation of the future role of artificial intelligence in business and society. J. Artif. Intell. Mach. Learn. Data Sci. 1(1), 21\u201329 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51219\/JAIMLD\/Moshood-Yahaya\/03","journal-title":"J. Artif. Intell. Mach. Learn. Data Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"978_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s10676-018-9444-x","volume":"20","author":"V Bonnemains","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bonnemains, V., Saurel, C., Tessier, C.: Embedded ethics: some technical and ethical challenges. Ethics Inf. Technol. 20(1), 41\u201358 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10676-018-9444-x","journal-title":"Ethics Inf. Technol."},{"key":"978_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ateeq, A.: Ethical paradigms at work: a comparative analysis of consequentialism, deontology, and Islamic perspectives. pp. 605\u2013611 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-54379-1_53","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-54379-1_53"},{"issue":"3","key":"978_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1007\/S12115-021-00586-8","volume":"58","author":"R Rakowski","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rakowski, R., Polak, P., Kowalikova, P.: Ethical aspects of the impact of AI: the status of humans in the era of artificial intelligence. Society 58(3), 196\u2013203 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S12115-021-00586-8","journal-title":"Society"},{"issue":"2","key":"978_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.23860\/MGDR-2020-05-02-03","volume":"5","author":"RM Markets","year":"2020","unstructured":"Markets, R.M.: The perceived ethics of artificial intelligence. Global. Dev. Rev. 5(2), 3 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23860\/MGDR-2020-05-02-03","journal-title":"Global. Dev. Rev."},{"issue":"3","key":"978_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/s12115-021-00592-w","volume":"58","author":"M Anshari","year":"2021","unstructured":"Anshari, M., Almunawar, M.N., Masri, M., Hrdy, M.: Financial technology with AI-enabled and ethical challenges. Society 58(3), 189\u2013195 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12115-021-00592-w","journal-title":"Society"},{"key":"978_CR151","unstructured":"C. P.-T. I. F. C. Embedding ethics into artificial intelligence: understanding what can be done, what can\u2019t, and what is done. In: The International FLAIRS Conference Proceedings (2024). Accessed 14 June 14. https:\/\/journals.flvc.org\/FLAIRS\/article\/view\/135277"},{"key":"978_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.1042661","author":"MT Daza","year":"2022","unstructured":"Daza, M.T., Ilozumba, U.J.: A survey of AI ethics in business literature: maps and trends between 2000 and 2021. Front. Psychol. (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.1042661","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"978_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1061778","author":"L Yu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yu, L., Yu, Z.: Qualitative and quantitative analyses of artificial intelligence ethics in education using VOSviewer and CitNetExplorer. Front. Psychol. (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1061778","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"978_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1074787","author":"ALC Bertoncini","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bertoncini, A.L.C., Serafim, M.C.: Ethical content in artificial intelligence systems: a demand explained in three critical points. Front. Psychol. (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1074787","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"978_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frai.2022.869114","author":"M Cole","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cole, M., Cant, C., Ustek Spilda, F., Graham, M.: Politics by automatic means? A critique of artificial intelligence ethics at work. Front. Artif. Intell. (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/frai.2022.869114","journal-title":"Front. Artif. Intell."},{"issue":"1","key":"978_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1080\/08850607.2020.1734768","volume":"34","author":"R Frisk","year":"2021","unstructured":"Frisk, R., Johansson, L.: From samurais to borgs: reflections on the importance of intelligence ethics. Int. J. Intell. Counterintell. 34(1), 70\u201396 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08850607.2020.1734768","journal-title":"Int. J. Intell. Counterintell."},{"key":"978_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frsc.2021.723475","author":"E Kassens-Noor","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kassens-Noor, E., Siegel, J., Decaminada, T.: Choosing ethics over morals: a possible determinant to embracing artificial intelligence in future urban mobility. Front. Sustain. Cities (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/frsc.2021.723475","journal-title":"Front. Sustain. Cities"},{"key":"978_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hegde, A., Agarwal, V., Rao, S.: Ethics, prosperity, and society: moral evaluation using virtue ethics and utilitarianism. In: Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, pp. 167\u2013174 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24963\/ijcai.2020\/24","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2020\/24"},{"key":"978_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Goldberg, Z.: How to conduct an ethics assessment of AI in policing. In: 14th ACM Web Science Conference 2022, New York, NY, USA: ACM, pp. 466\u2013470 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3501247.3539509","DOI":"10.1145\/3501247.3539509"},{"issue":"1","key":"978_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s10676-017-9440-6","volume":"20","author":"P Vamplew","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vamplew, P., Dazeley, R., Foale, C., Firmin, S., Mummery, J.: Human-aligned artificial intelligence is a multiobjective problem. Ethics Inf. Technol. 20(1), 27\u201340 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10676-017-9440-6","journal-title":"Ethics Inf. Technol."},{"issue":"6","key":"978_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2016.2609339","volume":"18","author":"SM Thornton","year":"2017","unstructured":"Thornton, S.M., Pan, S., Erlien, S.M., Gerdes, J.C.: Incorporating ethical considerations into automated vehicle control. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. 18(6), 1429\u20131439 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TITS.2016.2609339","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst."},{"issue":"5","key":"978_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1080\/1369118X.2020.1713842","volume":"23","author":"W Orr","year":"2020","unstructured":"Orr, W., Davis, J.L.: Attributions of ethical responsibility by artificial intelligence practitioners. Inf. Commun. Soc. 23(5), 719\u2013735 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1369118X.2020.1713842","journal-title":"Inf. Commun. Soc."},{"issue":"1","key":"978_CR163","first-page":"89","volume":"2","author":"P Sommaggio","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sommaggio, P.: Moral dilemmas in the AI era: a new approach. J. Ethics Legal Technol. 2(1), 89\u2013102 (2020)","journal-title":"J. Ethics Legal Technol."},{"key":"978_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhao, L., Li, W.: Choose for no choose\u2019\u2014random-selecting option for the trolley problem in autonomous driving. In: LISS2019. Springer, Singapore, pp. 665\u2013672 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-15-5682-1_48","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-5682-1_48"},{"issue":"4","key":"978_CR165","first-page":"15","volume":"28","author":"M Anderson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Anderson, M., Anderson, S.L.: Machine ethics: creating an ethical intelligent agent. AI Mag. 28(4), 15\u201326 (2007)","journal-title":"AI Mag."},{"issue":"3","key":"978_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1080\/0144929X.2020.1818828","volume":"41","author":"N van Berkel","year":"2022","unstructured":"van Berkel, N., Tag, B., Goncalves, J., Hosio, S.: Human-centred artificial intelligence: a contextual morality perspective. Behav. Inf. Technol. 41(3), 502\u2013518 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0144929X.2020.1818828","journal-title":"Behav. Inf. Technol."},{"key":"978_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780190067397.013.2","volume-title":"The Oxford Handbook of Ethics of AI","author":"TM Powers","year":"2020","unstructured":"Powers, T.M., Ganascia, J.-G.: The ethics of the ethics of AI. In: Dubber, M.D., Pasquale, F., Das, S. (eds.) The Oxford Handbook of Ethics of AI, pp. 25\u201351. Oxford University Press, Oxford (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780190067397.013.2"},{"key":"978_CR168","unstructured":"Jakob, S., Christian, B.: Assessing the time efficiency of ethical algorithms. In: AIC 2022: 8th International Workshop on Artificial Intelligence and Cognition, pp. 156\u2013164 (2022)."},{"key":"978_CR169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kim, W., Lee, K.: Building ethical AI from news articles. In: 2020 IEEE\/ITU International Conference on Artificial Intelligence for Good (AI4G). IEEE, pp. 210\u2013217 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/AI4G50087.2020.9311054","DOI":"10.1109\/AI4G50087.2020.9311054"},{"issue":"4","key":"978_CR170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.4018\/IJSESD.2015100105","volume":"6","author":"B Yulianto","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yulianto, B., Shidarta: Philosophy of information technology. Int. J. Soc. Ecol. Sustain. Dev. 6(4), 67\u201376 (2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4018\/IJSESD.2015100105","journal-title":"Int. J. Soc. Ecol. Sustain. Dev."},{"issue":"3","key":"978_CR171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1080\/09528130050111428","volume":"12","author":"C Allen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Allen, C., Varner, G., Zinser, J.: Prolegomena to any future artificial moral agent. J. Exp. Theor. Artif. Intell. 12(3), 251\u2013261 (2000). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09528130050111428","journal-title":"J. Exp. Theor. Artif. Intell."},{"key":"978_CR172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rahanu, H., Georgiadou, E., Siakas, K., Ross, M., Berki, E.: Ethical issues invoked by industry 4.0. pp. 589\u2013606 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-85521-5_39.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-85521-5_39"},{"key":"978_CR173","volume-title":"The Routledge Social Science Handbook of AI","author":"P Nicolas","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nicolas, P., De Cooman, J.: Models of law and regulation for AI. In: Elliott, A. (ed.) The Routledge Social Science Handbook of AI. Routledge, London (2021)"},{"issue":"4","key":"978_CR174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1007\/s00146-021-01228-7","volume":"37","author":"R Graham","year":"2022","unstructured":"Graham, R.: Discourse analysis of academic debate of ethics for AGI. AI Soc. 37(4), 1519\u20131532 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00146-021-01228-7","journal-title":"AI Soc."},{"issue":"2","key":"978_CR175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1007\/s00146-022-01447-6","volume":"39","author":"G Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu, G., Luo, Y., Sheng, J.: Discussion of ethical decision mode for artificial intelligence. AI Soc. 39(2), 767\u2013773 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00146-022-01447-6","journal-title":"AI Soc."},{"issue":"2","key":"978_CR176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1007\/s00146-022-01471-6","volume":"38","author":"M Anshari","year":"2023","unstructured":"Anshari, M., Hamdan, M., Ahmad, N., Ali, E., Haidi, H.: COVID-19, artificial intelligence, ethical challenges and policy implications. AI Soc. 38(2), 707\u2013720 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00146-022-01471-6","journal-title":"AI Soc."},{"issue":"4","key":"978_CR177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-024-10732-3","volume":"57","author":"J Stenseke","year":"2024","unstructured":"Stenseke, J.: On the computational complexity of ethics: moral tractability for minds and machines. Artif. Intell. Rev. 57(4), 105 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10462-024-10732-3","journal-title":"Artif. Intell. Rev."},{"issue":"5","key":"978_CR178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-024-10740-3","volume":"57","author":"R Ortega-Bola\u00f1os","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ortega-Bola\u00f1os, R., Bernal-Salcedo, J., Germ\u00e1n Ortiz, M., Galeano Sarmiento, J., Ruz, G.A., Tabares-Soto, R.: Applying the ethics of AI: a systematic review of tools for developing and assessing AI-based systems. Artif. Intell. Rev. 57(5), 110 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10462-024-10740-3","journal-title":"Artif. Intell. Rev."},{"issue":"4","key":"978_CR179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-022-05048-7","volume":"178","author":"W Rodgers","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rodgers, W., Nguyen, T.: Advertising benefits from ethical artificial intelligence algorithmic purchase decision pathways. J. Bus. Ethics 178(4), 1043\u20131061 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10551-022-05048-7","journal-title":"J. Bus. Ethics"},{"issue":"3","key":"978_CR180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1007\/s11023-020-09539-2","volume":"30","author":"I Gabriel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gabriel, I.: Artificial intelligence, values, and alignment. Minds Mach. 30(3), 411\u2013437 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11023-020-09539-2","journal-title":"Minds Mach."},{"issue":"1","key":"978_CR181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11191-021-00282-3","volume":"32","author":"F Sun","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sun, F., Ye, R.: Moral considerations of artificial intelligence. Sci. Educ. (Dordr.). 32(1), 1\u201317 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11191-021-00282-3","journal-title":"Sci. Educ. (Dordr.)."},{"issue":"5","key":"978_CR182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1991","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-021-02853-3","volume":"191","author":"S Karmakar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Karmakar, S.: Artificial intelligence: the future of medicine, or an overhyped and dangerous idea? Irish J. Med. Sci. (1971) 191(5), 1991\u20131994 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11845-021-02853-3","journal-title":"Irish J. Med. Sci. (1971)"},{"issue":"4","key":"978_CR183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s11948-021-00331-8","volume":"27","author":"J Harris","year":"2021","unstructured":"Harris, J., Anthis, J.R.: The moral consideration of artificial entities: a literature review. Sci. Eng. Ethics 27(4), 53 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11948-021-00331-8","journal-title":"Sci. Eng. Ethics"},{"issue":"2","key":"978_CR184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/s13347-017-0285-z","volume":"31","author":"A Giubilini","year":"2018","unstructured":"Giubilini, A., Savulescu, J.: The artificial moral advisor. The \u2018Ideal Observer\u2019 meets artificial intelligence. Philos. Technol. 31(2), 169\u2013188 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13347-017-0285-z","journal-title":"Philos. Technol."},{"issue":"4","key":"978_CR185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1007\/s13347-021-00449-4","volume":"34","author":"M Geisslinger","year":"2021","unstructured":"Geisslinger, M., Poszler, F., Betz, J., L\u00fctge, C., Lienkamp, M.: Autonomous driving ethics: from trolley problem to ethics of risk. Philos. Technol. 34(4), 1033\u20131055 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13347-021-00449-4","journal-title":"Philos. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"978_CR186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13080","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-49411-7","volume":"9","author":"D-A Frank","year":"2019","unstructured":"Frank, D.-A., Chrysochou, P., Mitkidis, P., Ariely, D.: Human decision-making biases in the moral dilemmas of autonomous vehicles. Sci. Rep. 9(1), 13080 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-49411-7","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"978_CR187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1057\/s41599-020-00614-8","volume":"7","author":"S Serafimova","year":"2020","unstructured":"Serafimova, S.: Whose morality? Which rationality? Challenging artificial intelligence as a remedy for the lack of moral enhancement. Humanit. Soc. Sci. Commun. 7(1), 119 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057\/s41599-020-00614-8","journal-title":"Humanit. Soc. Sci. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"978_CR188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s42087-020-00125-7","volume":"5","author":"HS S\u00e6tra","year":"2022","unstructured":"S\u00e6tra, H.S.: First, they came for the old and demented. Hum. Arenas 5(1), 25\u201343 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s42087-020-00125-7","journal-title":"Hum. Arenas"},{"issue":"3","key":"978_CR189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1007\/s43681-022-00214-z","volume":"3","author":"M Pflanzer","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pflanzer, M., Traylor, Z., Lyons, J.B., Dubljevi\u0107, V., Nam, C.S.: Ethics in human\u2013AI teaming: principles and perspectives. AI Ethics 3(3), 917\u2013935 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43681-022-00214-z","journal-title":"AI Ethics"},{"issue":"2","key":"978_CR190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/s43681-023-00260-1","volume":"4","author":"A Ladak","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ladak, A.: What would qualify an artificial intelligence for moral standing? AI Ethics 4(2), 213\u2013228 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43681-023-00260-1","journal-title":"AI Ethics"},{"issue":"4","key":"978_CR191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.54808\/JSCI.21.04.42","volume":"21","author":"VD Kirova","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kirova, V.D., Ku, C.S., Laracy, J.R., Marlowe, T.J.: The ethics of artificial intelligence in the era of generative AI. J. Syst. Cybern. Inform. 21(4), 42\u201350 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.54808\/JSCI.21.04.42","journal-title":"J. Syst. Cybern. Inform."},{"issue":"4","key":"978_CR192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1007\/s43681-021-00128-2","volume":"2","author":"W Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li, W., Huang, Y., Wang, S., Xu, X.: Safety criticism and ethical dilemma of autonomous vehicles. AI Ethics 2(4), 869\u2013874 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43681-021-00128-2","journal-title":"AI Ethics"},{"issue":"3","key":"978_CR193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1177\/02683962231200411","volume":"38","author":"D Schlagwein","year":"2023","unstructured":"Schlagwein, D., Willcocks, L., ChatGPT, et al.: The ethics of using (generative) artificial intelligence in research and science. J. Inf. Technol. 38(3), 232\u2013238 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/02683962231200411","journal-title":"J. Inf. Technol."},{"key":"978_CR194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shook, J.R., Solymosi, T., Giordano, J.: Ethical constraints and contexts of artificial intelligent systems in national security, intelligence, and defense\/military operations. In: Artificial Intelligence and Global Security, Emerald Publishing Limited, pp. 137\u2013152 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/978-1-78973-811-720201008.","DOI":"10.1108\/978-1-78973-811-720201008"},{"issue":"6","key":"978_CR195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CLSR.2014.10.002","volume":"30","author":"R Hilty","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hilty, R., Hoffmann, J., Scheuerer, S.: Intellectual property justification for artificial intelligence. Comput. Law Secur. Rev. 30(6), 615\u2013616 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.CLSR.2014.10.002","journal-title":"Comput. Law Secur. Rev."},{"key":"978_CR196","unstructured":"H. C.-J. of D. P.: Ethics in artificial intelligence: a disjoint between knowing and acting. Journal of Data Protection & Privacy. Accessed 14 June 2024. https:\/\/www.ingentaconnect.com\/content\/hsp\/jdpp\/2020\/00000003\/00000003\/art00003"},{"key":"978_CR197","unstructured":"Firdaus, M.: State of the Art in ethics of artificial intelligence and robotics: a brief survey. Accessed 14 June 2024. https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/download\/67888987\/Firdaus_Muhammad_Final_Exam_AI_Ethics.pdf"},{"issue":"4","key":"978_CR198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1974","DOI":"10.3390\/su13041974","volume":"13","author":"AB Brendel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Brendel, A.B., Mirbabaie, M., Lembcke, T.-B., Hofeditz, L.: Ethical management of artificial intelligence. Sustainability 13(4), 1974 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su13041974","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"978_CR199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artint.2020.103239","volume":"281","author":"TJM Bench-Capon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bench-Capon, T.J.M.: Ethical approaches and autonomous systems. Artif. Intell. 281, 103239 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.artint.2020.103239","journal-title":"Artif. Intell."},{"issue":"4","key":"978_CR200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1177\/15553434221113964","volume":"16","author":"C Textor","year":"2022","unstructured":"Textor, C., et al.: Exploring the relationship between ethics and trust in human\u2013artificial intelligence teaming: a mixed methods approach. J. Cogn. Eng. Decis. Mak. 16(4), 252\u2013281 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15553434221113964","journal-title":"J. Cogn. Eng. Decis. Mak."},{"key":"978_CR201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Guzhva, A., Shevchenko, Z., Debych, M., Kudrina, T., Dudchenko, V.: The discourse of ethical principles of interaction with artificial intelligence as a condition for sustainable development of society, p. 020028 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/5.0106367","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0106367"},{"issue":"3","key":"978_CR202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1007\/s11023-009-9159-1","volume":"19","author":"R Tonkens","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tonkens, R.: A challenge for machine ethics. Minds Mach. 19(3), 421\u2013438 (2009). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11023-009-9159-1","journal-title":"Minds Mach."},{"key":"978_CR203","unstructured":"Anderson, M., Anderson, S.: Towards machine ethics: implementing two action-based ethical theories. In: Proceedings of the AAAI 2005 Fall Symposium on Machine Ethics. Accessed 14 June 2024. https:\/\/cdn.aaai.org\/Symposia\/Fall\/2005\/FS-05-06\/FS05-06-001.pdf"},{"issue":"8","key":"978_CR204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720820933041","volume":"63","author":"R Yokoi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yokoi, R., Nakayachi, K.: Trust in autonomous cars: exploring the role of shared moral values, reasoning, and emotion in safety-critical decisions. Hum. Factors 63(8), 1465\u20131484 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0018720820933041","journal-title":"Hum. Factors"},{"key":"978_CR205","unstructured":"Kohno, T., Acar, Y.: Ethical frameworks and computer security trolley problems: foundations for conversations. Accessed 14 June 2024. https:\/\/www.usenix.org\/conference\/usenixsecurity23\/presentation\/kohno"},{"issue":"1","key":"978_CR206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1109\/MITS.2019.2953556","volume":"14","author":"H Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang, H., Khajepour, A., Cao, D., Liu, T.: Ethical decision making in autonomous vehicles: challenges and research progress. IEEE Intell. Transp. Syst. Mag. 14(1), 6\u201317 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MITS.2019.2953556","journal-title":"IEEE Intell. Transp. Syst. Mag."},{"issue":"3","key":"978_CR207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1177\/20966083211056376","volume":"4","author":"J Xie","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xie, J.: An explanation of the relationship between artificial intelligence and human beings from the perspective of consciousness. Cultures Sci. 4(3), 124\u2013134 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/20966083211056376","journal-title":"Cultures Sci."},{"issue":"11","key":"978_CR208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-019-0114-4","volume":"1","author":"B Mittelstadt","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mittelstadt, B.: Principles alone cannot guarantee ethical AI. Nat. Mach. Intell. 1(11), 501\u2013507 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s42256-019-0114-4","journal-title":"Nat. Mach. Intell."},{"issue":"3","key":"978_CR209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1007\/s43681-022-00209-w","volume":"3","author":"M-A L.","year":"2023","unstructured":"L., M.-A.: The uselessness of AI ethics. AI Ethics 3(3), 869\u2013877 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43681-022-00209-w","journal-title":"AI Ethics"},{"issue":"2","key":"978_CR210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s11023-021-09563-w","volume":"31","author":"J Morley","year":"2021","unstructured":"Morley, J., Elhalal, A., Garcia, F., Kinsey, L., M\u00f6kander, J., Floridi, L.: Ethics as a service: a pragmatic operationalisation of AI ethics. Minds Mach. 31(2), 239\u2013256 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11023-021-09563-w","journal-title":"Minds Mach."},{"issue":"6","key":"978_CR211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2693","DOI":"10.1007\/S00146-022-01602-Z","volume":"38","author":"J Zhou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou, J., Chen, F.: AI ethics: from principles to practice. AI Soc. 38(6), 2693\u20132703 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S00146-022-01602-Z","journal-title":"AI Soc."},{"key":"978_CR212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S11948-023-00443-3","author":"H Bleher","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bleher, H., Braun, M.: Reflections on putting AI ethics into practice: how three AI ethics approaches conceptualize theory and practice. Sci. Eng. Ethics (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S11948-023-00443-3","journal-title":"Sci. Eng. Ethics"},{"key":"978_CR213","unstructured":"Hagendorff, T.: AI virtues\u2014the missing link in putting AI ethics into practice. Accessed 21 May 2024 (2020). http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2011.12750"},{"issue":"1","key":"978_CR214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.5324\/eip.v15i1.3756","volume":"15","author":"TS Petersen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Petersen, T.S.: Ethical guidelines for the use of artificial intelligence and the challenges from value conflicts. Etikk i Praksis-Nordic Journal of Applied Ethics 15(1), 25\u201340 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5324\/eip.v15i1.3756","journal-title":"Etikk i Praksis-Nordic Journal of Applied Ethics"},{"key":"978_CR215","unstructured":"R. H.-W. S. S.: Ethical considerations in the age of artificial intelligence: balancing innovation and social values. Accessed 12 June 2024. https:\/\/wsj.westscience-press.com\/index.php\/wsshs\/article\/view\/191"},{"key":"978_CR216","unstructured":"Ayinla, B., Amoo, O., Atadoga, A., Abrahams, T.O.: Ethical AI in practice: balancing technological advancements with human values. Accessed 12 June 2024 (2024). https:\/\/ijsra.net\/content\/ethical-ai-practice-balancing-technological-advancements-human-values"},{"issue":"6","key":"978_CR217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1177\/1046496418802362","volume":"49","author":"J Hoey","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hoey, J., Schr\u00f6der, T., Morgan, J., Rogers, K.B., Rishi, D., Nagappan, M.: Artificial intelligence and social simulation: studying group dynamics on a massive scale. Small Group Res. 49(6), 647\u2013683 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1046496418802362","journal-title":"Small Group Res."}],"container-title":["AI and Ethics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s43681-025-00978-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s43681-025-00978-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s43681-025-00978-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T17:20:04Z","timestamp":1781630404000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s43681-025-00978-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]]},"references-count":217,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["978"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43681-025-00978-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["2730-5953","2730-5961"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2730-5953","type":"print"},{"value":"2730-5961","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"125"}}