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Related studies uncover limited insights into how reliably; human experts and AI models can detect dark patterns within a specific taxonomy. Our research fills this gap by asymmetrically examining cross-origin detection performance of human and AI\/LLM evaluators (each evaluator\u2019s ability to detect dark patterns generated by the opposite source) to understand their limitations and future potentials. Using GPT-4.1, we generated 200 UI images (with matched dark and non-dark pattern pairs) and selected 200 UI images collected 200 human-created UI screenshots from the ContextDP\/AidUI dataset, based on computational, methodological, and statistical considerations. We calculated inter-rater reliability, recall, and error distribution. The results show that UX experts achieved substantial agreement (k\u2009=\u20090.75) and significantly higher recall (r\u2009=\u20090.99) over AI\/LLMs. We present a novel study which explore the performance of AI\/LLMs and UX experts in detecting dark patterns in UI images, and provide a benchmark dataset that could be useful to future research, while discussing empirical insights into the role, limitations, and promise of AI\/LLMs in UI\/UX design ethics and auditing, in realistic deployment scenarios.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s43681-026-01151-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T15:45:51Z","timestamp":1777995951000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["UX experts vs. AI: exploring the performance of large language models and humans on detecting dark patterns"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Joshua","family":"Nwokeji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makuochi","family":"Nkwo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tochukwu","family":"Ikwunne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meiyeer","family":"Yeerbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"1151_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Alberts, L. et al.: Computers as bad social actors: dark patterns and anti-patterns in interfaces that act socially. 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