{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T01:03:45Z","timestamp":1784163825213,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784160000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"\u00c5bo Akademi University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AI Ethics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Recent developments in artificial intelligence (AI) have propelled organizations and researchers to call for ethical, responsible, and sustainable deployment of AI-enhanced systems in critical contexts such as healthcare. While legal frameworks like the European Union AI Act are in force, governing AI use and emphasizing ethics, there are a wide range of frameworks and guidelines with no legally binding force that underscore ethics when designing, deploying, and evaluating socially beneficial AI systems. Examples include ethics guidelines for trustworthy artificial intelligence, human-centered AI, and value-sensitive design. AI in community pharmacies is a comparatively nascent field. Nevertheless, research and design initiatives exploring its potential to transform pharmacy practice are subject to the same ethical requirements. Despite the abundance of ethical frameworks, guidance on their operationalization into concrete activities is comparatively scarce. We seek to address this research gap by demonstrating how a value-sensitive design ethical framework can be implemented within research-through-design projects concerning conversational AI on a robot platform. We describe how we employed the care-centered ethical framework while exploring robot-assisted medication counselling in Finnish community pharmacies. We outline phases and activities carried out within the steps of the framework, with a special focus on the pharmacy environment. We conclude by recommendations for applying the framework in processes involving socially assistive robots. The contribution of the paper is an overview of how the Care-Centered framework can be operationalized, alongside an evaluation of its applicability. Additionally, the study examines the relationship between care ethics and socially assistive robots within a real-world healthcare setting.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s43681-026-01212-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T00:38:34Z","timestamp":1784162314000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Applying a care-centered ethical framework when designing robot-assisted medication counselling: a community pharmacy design case study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4941-6811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susanne","family":"H\u00e4gglund","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malin","family":"Andtfolk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Rosenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mattias","family":"Wingren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Estman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1212_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1080\/13696998.2023.2249758","volume":"26","author":"AZ Al Meslamani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Al Meslamani, A.Z.: Applications of AI in pharmacy practice: a look at hospital and community settings. J. Med. Econ. 26(1), 1081\u20131084 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13696998.2023.2249758","journal-title":"J. Med. Econ."},{"issue":"2","key":"1212_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.3390\/info16020131","volume":"16","author":"H Allam","year":"2025","unstructured":"Allam, H.: Prescribing the future: the role of artificial intelligence in pharmacy. Information. 16(2), 131 (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/info16020131","journal-title":"Information"},{"issue":"1","key":"1212_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1080\/13696998.2023.2265245","volume":"26","author":"AS Jarab","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jarab, A.S., Abu Heshmeh, S.R., Al Meslamani, A.Z.: Artificial intelligence (AI) in pharmacy: an overview of innovations. J. Med. Econ. 26(1), 1261\u20131265 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13696998.2023.2265245","journal-title":"J. Med. Econ."},{"key":"1212_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198883098.001.0001","volume-title":"The Ethics of Artificial Intelligence. Principles, Challenges and Opportunities","author":"L Floridi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Floridi, L.: The Ethics of Artificial Intelligence. Principles, Challenges and Opportunities. Oxford University Press (2023)"},{"key":"1212_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/21501319251381878","author":"LM Romero-Rodriguez","year":"2025","unstructured":"Romero-Rodriguez, L.M., Castillo-Abdul, B.: From apomediation to aimediation: Generative AI and the reconfiguration of informational authority in health communication. J. Prim. Care Community Health. (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/21501319251381878","journal-title":"J. Prim. Care Community Health"},{"key":"1212_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dignum, V.: Responsibility and artificial intelligence. In: Dubber, M.D., Pasquale, F., Das, S. (eds.) The Oxford Handbook of Ethics of AI, pp. 215\u2013232. Oxford University Press (2020)","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780190067397.013.12"},{"key":"1212_CR7","unstructured":"European Union: Regulation 2024\/1689 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 June 2024 laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence and amending Regulations (EC) No 300\/2008, (EU) No 167\/2013, (EU) No 168\/2013, (EU) 2018\/858, (EU) 2018\/1139 and (EU) 2019\/2144 and Directives 2014\/90\/EU, (EU) 2016\/797 and (EU) 2020\/1828 (Artificial Intelligence Act) (2024)"},{"key":"1212_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1584883","DOI":"10.3389\/fdgth.2025.1584883","volume":"7","author":"JA Acosta","year":"2025","unstructured":"Acosta, J.A.: Perspective: advancing public health education by embedding AI literacy. Front. Digit. Health. 7, 1584883 (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fdgth.2025.1584883","journal-title":"Front. Digit. Health"},{"key":"1212_CR9","unstructured":"Committee for the Future: Humanoid robots from now to 2040\u2019s \u2013 AI assisted societal impact analysis using radical technology inquirer methodology. Helsinki, Eduskunnan tulevaisuusvaliokunnan julkaisu 1\/2025. Retrieved December 23, 2025, from (2025). https:\/\/www.eduskunta.fi\/FI\/naineduskuntatoimii\/julkaisut\/Documents\/TuV-1-2025.pdf"},{"key":"1212_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-83441-7_10","volume-title":"The Depth and Size of the European Union in a Time of War","author":"R Teigland","year":"2025","unstructured":"Teigland, R., Wiberg, M.: AI and digitalisation\u2019s impact on EU\u2019s Future labour market: Scenarios and implications. In: Ekman, P., Lundqvist, B., Michalski, A., Oxelheim, L. (eds.) The Depth and Size of the European Union in a Time of War. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-83441-7_10"},{"key":"1212_CR11","unstructured":"World Medical Association: Declaration of Helsinki: Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. Retrieved December 5, 2025, from (2024). https:\/\/www.wma.net\/policies-post\/wma-declaration-of-helsinki-ethical-principles-for-medical-research-involving-human-subjects\/"},{"key":"1212_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780192845290.001.0001","volume-title":"Human-Centered AI","author":"B Shneiderman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shneiderman, B.: Human-Centered AI. Oxford University Press (2022)"},{"key":"1212_CR13","unstructured":"Farmasialiitto: Apteekkitoiminnan eettiset ohjeet. Retrieved December 4, 2025, from (2025). https:\/\/www.farmasialiitto.fi\/tyo-ja-ura\/ammatillisuus-ja-etiikka\/apteekkitoiminnan-eettiset-ohjeet\/"},{"key":"1212_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1145\/3678988","volume":"1","author":"SS Chivukula","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chivukula, S.S., Gray, C., Li, Z., Pivonka, A.C.and, Chen, J.: Surveying a landscape of ethics-focused design methods. ACM J. Responsib. Comput. 1, 22 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3678988","journal-title":"ACM J. Responsib. Comput."},{"key":"1212_CR15","unstructured":"Figueras, C.: Ethical Tensions in AI-Based Systems. (PhD dissertation, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences, Stockholm University). Retrieved October 9, 2025, from (2025). https:\/\/urn.kb.se\/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-245384"},{"key":"1212_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1007\/s10676-023-09700-2","volume":"25","author":"A Gerdes","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gerdes, A., Frandsen, T.F.: A systematic review of almost three decades of value sensitive design (VSD): what happened to the technical investigations? Ethics Inf. Technol. 25, 26 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10676-023-09700-2","journal-title":"Ethics Inf. Technol."},{"key":"1212_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Misselhorn, C., Scheidegger, M., St\u00f6rzinger, T.: Is it good? \u2013 A philosophical approach towards ethics-centered design. In: D\u00f6rrenb\u00e4cher, J., Hassenzahl, M., Neuhaus, R., Ringfort-Felner, R. (eds.) Meaningful Futures with Robots \u2013 Designing a New Coexistence. CRC, Chapman & Hall (2023)","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003287445-26"},{"key":"1212_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-024-01201-6","volume":"17","author":"A Poulsen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Poulsen, A., Burmeister, O.K., Greig, J., Ulhaq, A., Tien, D.: Value sensitive design of social Robots: enhancing the lives of LGBT+ older adults. Int. J. Soc. Rob. 17, 147\u2013162 (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12369-024-01201-6","journal-title":"Int. J. Soc. Rob."},{"key":"1212_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-7844-3_4","volume-title":"Early engagement and new technologies: Opening up the laboratory","author":"B Friedman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Friedman, B., Kahn, P.H., Borning, A., Huldtgren, A.: Value sensitive design and information systems. In: Doorn, N., Schuurbiers, D., van de Poel, I., Gorman, M. (eds.) Early engagement and new technologies: Opening up the laboratory, pp. 55\u201395. Springer, Dordrecht (2013)"},{"key":"1212_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1007\/s10676-020-09537-z","volume":"22","author":"M de Reuver","year":"2020","unstructured":"de Reuver, M., van Wynsberghe, A., Janssen, M., van de Poel, I.: Digital platforms and responsible innovation: expanding value sensitive design to overcome ontological uncertainty. Ethics Inf. Technol. 22, 257\u2013267 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10676-020-09537-z","journal-title":"Ethics Inf. Technol."},{"key":"1212_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1007\/s11948-011-9343-6","volume":"19","author":"A van Wynsberghe","year":"2013","unstructured":"van Wynsberghe, A.: Designing robots for care: care centered value-sensitive design. Sci. Eng. Ethics. 19, 407\u2013433 (2013). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11948-011-9343-6","journal-title":"Sci. Eng. Ethics"},{"key":"1212_CR22","unstructured":"Tronto, J.C.: Moral Boundaries: A Political Argument for an Ethic of Care. Routledge (1993)"},{"key":"1212_CR23","unstructured":"PharmAInteraction video. (2025). Retrieved December 8, 2025 https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/4fy6d4tv"},{"key":"1212_CR24","unstructured":"PharmAInteraction project information: Retrieved December 8, 2025, from https:\/\/www.abo.fi\/en\/project\/pharmainteraction\/ https:\/\/www.abo.fi\/en\/project\/pharmainteraction\/"},{"key":"1212_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Andtfolk, M., Rosenberg, S., H\u00e4gglund, S., & Estman, L. (2025). Examining the use and outcomes of social robot interventions in medication processes - A scoping review. Finnish Journal of EHealth and EWelfare, 17(3), 312\u2013326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23996\/fjhw.148855 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23996\/fjhw.148855","DOI":"10.23996\/fjhw.148855"},{"key":"1212_CR26","volume-title":"Interpersonal relations in nursing","author":"HE Peplau","year":"1952","unstructured":"Peplau, H.E.: Interpersonal Relations in Nursing. G. P. Putnam\u2019s Sons, New York (1952)"},{"key":"1212_CR27","unstructured":"Nyholm, L., H\u00e4gglund, S., Rosenberg, S., Andersson, S., Wingren, M., Andtfolk, M.: Exploring Potential Pharmacy Customers' Experiences of the Gaze of a Social Robot - from a Caring Science Perspective. Abstract at The 5th International NCCS & EACS Conference: Caring science - the heart of multi-professional care, Stavanger, Norway. (2024)"},{"key":"1212_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"H\u00e4gglund,S., Andtfolk, M., Rosenberg, S., Wingren, M., Andersson, S., Nyholm L. (2024c). Do you wanna dance? Tales of trust and driving trust factors in robot medication counseling in the pharmacy context. Front. Robot. AI. 11 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/frobt.2024.1332110","DOI":"10.3389\/frobt.2024.1332110"},{"key":"1212_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rosenberg,S., Andtfolk, M., H\u00e4gglund, S., Wingren, M., Nyholm, L.: Social robots counselling in community pharmacies \u2013 helping or harming? A qualitative study of pharmacists\u2019 views. Expl Res. Clin. Soc. Pharm. 13, 100425 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rcsop.2024.100425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcsop.2024.100425"},{"key":"1212_CR30","unstructured":"H\u00e4gglund,S., Andtfolk, M., Rosenberg, S., Nyholm, L., BALANSEN MELLAN M\u00c4NNISKANS AUTONOMI OCH AUTOMATION. UNGA APOTEKSKUNDERS BEHOV AV M\u00c4NSKLIG KONTROLL I ROBOTST\u00d6DD L\u00c4KEMEDELSR\u00c5DGIVNING. 174:. Abstract at XVIII Kansallinen hoitotieteellinen konferenssi HTTS, Finland (2024b). https:\/\/urn.fi\/URN:NBN:fi-fe2024091973796"},{"key":"1212_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wingren, M., Andersson, S., Rosenberg, S., Andtfolk, M., H\u00e4gglund, S., Jaysingha Arachchige, P., & Nyholm, M. (2025). Using role-play and Hierarchical Task Analysis for designing human-robot interaction. In: Palinko, O., et al. Social Robotics. ICSR + AI 2024. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 15561. Springer, Singapore. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-96-3522-1_28","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-96-3522-1_28"},{"key":"1212_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sabel, J., Wingren, M., Lundell, A., Andersson, S., Rosenberg, S., H\u00e4gglund, S., Estman, L., & Andtfolk, M. (2025). Medication Counseling with Large Language Models: Balancing Flexibility and Rigidity. EEE International Conference on Agentic AI (ICA), Wuhan, China, 2025, pp. 178-183. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICA67499.2025.00047","DOI":"10.1109\/ICA67499.2025.00047"},{"key":"1212_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"H\u00e4gglund,S., Andtfolk, M., Rosenberg, S., Andersson, S., Nyholm, L.: Mapping of Possible Pathways to Sustainable Design in Social Robotics. Zenodo. (2024a). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.11056682","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.11056682"},{"key":"1212_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11245-025-10247-8","author":"M Lott","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lott, M., Hasselberger, W.: With Friends like these: love and friendship with AI agents. Topoi. (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11245-025-10247-8","journal-title":"Topoi"},{"key":"1212_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1007\/s10676-016-9409-x","volume":"18","author":"A van Wynsberghe","year":"2016","unstructured":"van Wynsberghe, A.: Service robots, care ethics, and design. Ethics Inf. Technol. 18, 311\u2013321 (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10676-016-9409-x","journal-title":"Ethics Inf. Technol."},{"key":"1212_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-30371-6_4","volume-title":"Responsible Artificial Intelligence. Artificial Intelligence: Foundations, Theory, and Algorithms","author":"V Dignum","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dignum, V.: Taking responsibility. In: Responsible Artificial Intelligence. Artificial Intelligence: Foundations, Theory, and Algorithms. Springer, Cham (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-30371-6_4"},{"issue":"7","key":"1212_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjqs-2015-004315","volume":"25","author":"M Batalden","year":"2016","unstructured":"Batalden, M., Batalden, P., Margolis, P., Seid, M., Armstrong, G., Opipari-Arrigan, L., Hartung, H.: Coproduction of healthcare service. BMJ Qual. Saf. 25(7), 509\u2013517 (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjqs-2015-004315","journal-title":"BMJ Qual. Saf."},{"key":"1212_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D\u00f6rrenb\u00e4cher, J., Hassenzahl, M., Neuhaus, R., Ringfort-Felner, R.: Towards designing meaningful relationships with robots. In: D\u00f6rrenb\u00e4cher, J., Hassenzahl, M., Neuhaus, R., Ringfort-Felner, R. (eds.) Meaningful Futures with Robots \u2013 Designing a New Coexistence. CRC, Chapman & Hall (2023)","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003287445"},{"key":"1212_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.laheal.2025.100054","author":"JS Siiskonen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Siiskonen, J.S.: Many of our customers are discharged patients\u2019: A linguistic study of references to healthcare users in a Finnish pharmacy magazine. Lang. Health. (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.laheal.2025.100054","journal-title":"Lang. Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"1212_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.23996\/fjhw.148855)","volume":"17","author":"M Andtfolk","year":"2025","unstructured":"Andtfolk, M., Rosenberg, S., H\u00e4gglund, S., Estman, L.: Examining the use and outcomes of social robot interventions in medication processes - A scoping review. Finnish J. EHealth EWelfare. 17(3), 312\u2013326 (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23996\/fjhw.148855","journal-title":"Finnish J. EHealth EWelfare"},{"key":"1212_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Andtfolk, M., Rosenberg, S., H\u00e4gglund, S., Wingren, M., Lundell, A., Estman, L.: Young Adults' Needs in Social Robot Assisted Medication Counselling: Applying Peplau's Interpersonal Relations Model. Nursing Philosophy27: e70074 (2026). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nup.70074","DOI":"10.1111\/nup.70074"},{"key":"1212_CR42","unstructured":"Finnish National Board on Research Integrity (TENK): The ethical principles of research with human participants and ethical review in the human sciences in Finland. Retrieved December 10, 2025, from (2023). https:\/\/tenk.fi\/en\/ethical-review\/ethical-review-human-sciences"},{"key":"1212_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2759\/002360","volume-title":"The Assessment List for Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence (ALTAI) for self assessment","author":"High-Level Expert Group on AI","year":"2020","unstructured":"High-Level Expert Group on AI: The Assessment List for Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence (ALTAI) for Self Assessment. European Commission, Brussels (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2759\/002360"},{"key":"1212_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1007\/s10676-020-09562-y","volume":"22","author":"A van Wynsberghe","year":"2020","unstructured":"van Wynsberghe, A., Sharkey, N.: Special issue on responsible Robotics: introduction. ethics Inf. Technol. 22, 281\u2013282 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10676-020-09562-y","journal-title":"Ethics Inf. Technol."},{"key":"1212_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-0378-8_8","volume-title":"Ways of Knowing in HCI","author":"J Zimmerman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zimmerman, J., Forlizzi, J.: Research through design in HCI. In: Olson, J., Kellogg, W. (eds.) Ways of Knowing in HCI. Springer, New York, NY (2014). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4939-0378-8_8"},{"key":"1212_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/s43681-021-00038-3","volume":"1","author":"S van de Umbrello","year":"2021","unstructured":"Umbrello, S., van de Poel, I.: Mapping value sensitive design onto AI for social good principles. AI Ethics. 1, 283\u2013296 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43681-021-00038-3","journal-title":"AI Ethics"}],"container-title":["AI and Ethics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s43681-026-01212-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s43681-026-01212-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s43681-026-01212-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T00:38:37Z","timestamp":1784162317000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s43681-026-01212-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["1212"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43681-026-01212-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["2730-5953","2730-5961"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2730-5953","type":"print"},{"value":"2730-5961","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"402"}}