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Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Autonomous vehicles have been envisioned for more than 100 years. One of the first suggestions was a front cover of Scientific America back in 1916. Today, it is possible to get cars that drive autonomously for extended distances. We are also starting to see micro-mobility solutions, such as the Nuro vehicles for pizza delivery. Building autonomous cars that can operate in urban environments with a diverse set of road-users is far from trivial. Early 2018 the Contextual Robotics Institute at UC San Diego launched an effort to build a full stack autonomous vehicle for micro-mobility. The motivations were diverse: i) development of a system for operation in an environment with many pedestrians, ii) design of a system that does not rely on dense maps (or HD-maps as they are sometimes named), iii) design strategies to build truly robust systems, and iv) a framework to educate next-generation engineers. In this paper, we present the research effort of design, prototyping, and evaluation of such a vehicle. From the evaluation, several research directions are explored to account for shortcomings. Lessons and issues for future work are additionally drawn from this work.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s43684-021-00010-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,22]],"date-time":"2021-11-22T09:03:01Z","timestamp":1637571781000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Autonomous vehicles for micro-mobility"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Henrik","family":"Christensen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0766-6772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Paz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hengyuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunhai","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuhan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zheng","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shiqi","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"10_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E. 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