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Intell. Syst."],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Under the background of the fourth industrial revolution driven by the new generation information technology and artificial intelligence, human\u2013robot collaboration has become an important part of smart manufacturing. The new \u201chuman\u2013robot\u2013environment\u201d relationship conducts industrial robots to collaborate with workers to adapt to environmental changes harmoniously. How to determine a reasonable human\u2013robot interaction operations allocation strategy is the primary problem, by comprehensively considering the workers\u2019 flexibility and industrial robots\u2019 automation. In this paper, a human\u2013robot collaborative operation framework based on CNC (Computer Number Control) machine tool was proposed, which divided into three stages: pre-machining, machining and post-machining. Then, an action-based granularity decomposition method was used to construct the human\u2013robot interaction hierarchical model. Further, a collaboration effectiveness-based operations allocation function was established through normalizing the time, cost, efficiency, accuracy and complexity of human\u2013robot interaction. Finally, a simulated annealing algorithm was adopted to solve preferable collaboration scheme; a case was used to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method. It is expected that this study can provide useful guidance for human\u2013robot interaction operations allocation on CNC machine tools.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s43684-022-00039-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]],"date-time":"2022-08-25T10:04:27Z","timestamp":1661421867000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Collaboration effectiveness-based complex operations allocation strategy towards to human\u2013robot interaction"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"2","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6161-5402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fuqiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanrui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shilin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"39_CR1","first-page":"1597","volume":"17","author":"H. 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