{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T16:36:56Z","timestamp":1776443816339,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]],"date-time":"2025-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739750400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]],"date-time":"2025-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739750400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Discov Internet Things"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s43926-025-00109-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T00:34:32Z","timestamp":1739838872000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Smart neck collar: IoT-based disease detection and health monitoring for dairy cows"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Devinder","family":"Kaur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Amandeep Kaur","family":"Virk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"109_CR1","unstructured":"Central Statistics Office. National Accounts Statistics: Gross Domestic Product by Economic Activity. Government of India. 2023."},{"issue":"4","key":"109_CR2","first-page":"452","volume":"52","author":"J Anusha","year":"2023","unstructured":"Anusha J, Vamsi R, Sai Pavan B, Sumanth Potharaju C, Shyam KC. Smart bovine health monitoring system with IoT-based cattle tracking. Ind Eng J. 2023;52(4):452\u20136.","journal-title":"Ind Eng J"},{"key":"109_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Swain KB, Mahato S, Patro M, Pattnayak SK. Cattle health monitoring system using Arduino and LabVIEW for early detection of diseases. In: 2017 Third International Conference on Sensing, Signal Processing and Security (ICSSS). IEEE; 2017 May. p. 79\u201382.","DOI":"10.1109\/SSPS.2017.8071569"},{"key":"109_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pratama YP, Basuki DK, Sukaridhoto S, Yusuf AA, Yulianus H, Faruq F, et al. Designing of a smart collar for dairy cow behavior monitoring with application monitoring in microservices and internet of things-based systems. In: 2019 International Electronics Symposium (IES). IEEE; 2019 Sep. p. 527\u2013533.","DOI":"10.1109\/ELECSYM.2019.8901676"},{"key":"109_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2019.11.019","volume":"160","author":"S Vyas","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vyas S, Shukla V, Doshi N. FMD and mastitis disease detection in cows using Internet of Things (IoT). Proc Comput Sci. 2019;160:728\u201333.","journal-title":"Proc Comput Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"109_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.33.1.2273","volume":"33","author":"D Berckmans","year":"2014","unstructured":"Berckmans D. Precision livestock farming technologies for welfare management in intensive livestock systems. Rev Sci Tech. 2014;33(1):189\u201396.","journal-title":"Rev Sci Tech"},{"issue":"1","key":"109_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.2527\/af.2017.0102","volume":"7","author":"D Berckmans","year":"2017","unstructured":"Berckmans D. General introduction to precision livestock farming. Anim Front. 2017;7(1):6\u201311.","journal-title":"Anim Front"},{"key":"109_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nagl L, Schmitz R, Warren S, Hildreth TS, Erickson H, Andresen D. Wearable sensor system for wireless state-of-health determination in cattle. In: Proceedings of the 25th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE; 2003 Sep. p. 3012\u20133015.","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMBS.2003.1280774"},{"key":"109_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suresh A, Sarath TV. An IoT solution for cattle health monitoring. In: IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. IOP Publishing; 2019 Oct. p. 012106.","DOI":"10.1088\/1757-899X\/561\/1\/012106"},{"key":"109_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Syarif I, Ahsan AS, Al Rasyid MUH, Pratama YP. Health monitoring and early diseases detection on dairy cow based on internet of things and intelligent system. In: 2019 International Electronics Symposium (IES). IEEE; 2019 Sep. p. 183\u2013188.","DOI":"10.1109\/ELECSYM.2019.8901527"},{"issue":"10","key":"109_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6249","DOI":"10.3390\/su14106249","volume":"14","author":"J Arshad","year":"2022","unstructured":"Arshad J, Rehman AU, Othman MT, Ahmad M, Tariq HB, Khalid MA, et al. Deployment of wireless sensor network and IoT platform to implement an intelligent animal monitoring system. Sustainability. 2022;14(10):6249.","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"109_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kavya Priya ML, Geetalaxmi Jayaram B. WSN-based electronic livestock of dairy cattle and physical parameters monitoring. In: Emerging Research in Electronics, Computer Science and Technology: Proceedings of International Conference, ICERECT 2018. Springer Singapore; 2019. p. 37\u201345.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-5802-9_4"},{"issue":"3","key":"109_CR13","first-page":"1899","volume":"4","author":"D Aswini","year":"2017","unstructured":"Aswini D, Santhya S, Nandheni TS, Sukirthini N. Cattle health and environment monitoring system. Int Res J Eng Technol. 2017;4(3):1899\u2013903.","journal-title":"Int Res J Eng Technol"},{"issue":"2","key":"109_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.15232\/aas.2018-01801","volume":"35","author":"EA Eckelkamp","year":"2019","unstructured":"Eckelkamp EA. Invited review: current state of wearable precision dairy technologies in disease detection. Appl Anim Sci. 2019;35(2):209\u201320.","journal-title":"Appl Anim Sci"},{"issue":"23","key":"109_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11148","DOI":"10.3390\/app112311148","volume":"11","author":"DY Pavkin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pavkin DY, Dorokhov AS, Vladimirov FE, Dovlatov IM, Lyalin KS. Algorithms for detecting cattle diseases at early stages and for making diagnoses and related recommendations. Appl Sci. 2021;11(23):11148.","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"109_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.3390\/computers5040023","volume":"5","author":"A Awasthi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Awasthi A, Awasthi A, Riordan D, Walsh J. Non-invasive sensor technology for the development of a dairy cattle health monitoring system. Computers. 2016;5(4):23.","journal-title":"Computers"},{"key":"109_CR17","first-page":"8","volume":"3","author":"S Kumari","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kumari S, Yadav SK. Development of IoT based smart animal health monitoring system using raspberry Pi. Int J Adv Stud Sci Res. 2018;3:8.","journal-title":"Int J Adv Stud Sci Res"},{"key":"109_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mhatre V, Vispute V, Mishra N, Khandagle K. IoT based health monitoring system for dairy cows. In: 2020 Third International Conference on Smart Systems and Inventive Technology (ICSSIT). IEEE; 2020 Aug. p. 820\u2013825.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSSIT48917.2020.9214244"},{"issue":"1","key":"109_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2014.2349073","volume":"15","author":"A Kumar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kumar A, Hancke GP. A zigbee-based animal health monitoring system. IEEE Sens J. 2014;15(1):610\u20137.","journal-title":"IEEE Sens J"},{"key":"109_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2020.105233","volume":"170","author":"N Wagner","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wagner N, Antoine V, Mialon MM, Lardy R, Silberberg M, Koko J, et al. Machine learning to detect behavioural anomalies in dairy cows under subacute ruminal acidosis. Comput Electron Agric. 2020;170: 105233.","journal-title":"Comput Electron Agric"},{"key":"109_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chaudhry AA, Mumtaz R, Zaidi SMH, Tahir MA, School SHM. Internet of Things (IoT) and machine learning (ML) enabled livestock monitoring. In: 2020 IEEE 17th International Conference on Smart Communities: Improving Quality of Life Using ICT, IoT and AI (HONET). IEEE; 2020 Dec. p. 151\u2013155.","DOI":"10.1109\/HONET50430.2020.9322666"},{"key":"109_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sugiono, Soenoko R, Andriani DP. Analysis of the relationship of physiological, environment, and cow milk productivity using AI. IEEE; 2016.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICODSE.2016.7936165"},{"issue":"9","key":"109_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1690","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10091690","volume":"10","author":"M Cockburn","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cockburn M. Application and prospective discussion of machine learning for the management of dairy farms. Animals. 2020;10(9):1690.","journal-title":"Animals"}],"container-title":["Discover Internet of Things"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s43926-025-00109-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s43926-025-00109-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s43926-025-00109-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T00:34:40Z","timestamp":1739838880000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s43926-025-00109-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["109"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43926-025-00109-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["2730-7239"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2730-7239","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 October 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 February 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 February 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The research involved experimenting on cows to collect the vital health parameters of cows. During this process, all the cows were treated with respect and without harm or discrimination, regardless of age or breed. The data collection was conducted with the consent and supervision of a professional veterinarian team, who ensured the cows' needs and welfare were prioritized. The research avoided harmful procedures, with veterinarians confirming that the use of sensor device did not cause lasting harm to the cows. The research was carried out following the guidelines of IPR, Legal and Ethical Matters Committee of Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical considerations"}},{"value":"The need for ethical approval was waived off by IPR, Legal and Ethical Matters Committee of Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University due to nature of the study as it involved non-invasive observation and monitoring only, ensuring no harm or distress to the animals under observation.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics statement"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}],"article-number":"12"}}