{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T16:13:07Z","timestamp":1772554387878,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741651200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741651200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Discov Internet Things"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s43926-025-00122-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T15:45:25Z","timestamp":1741707925000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["A semantic and ontology-based framework for enhancing interoperability and automation in IoT systems"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Ripal","family":"Ranpara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"122_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1109\/JIoTR.2020.1000235","volume":"8","author":"JA Smith","year":"2020","unstructured":"Smith JA, Jones RL, Miller MA. The Internet of Things: a review of technologies and applications. Int J Internet Things Res. 2020;8(3):245\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/JIoTR.2020.1000235.","journal-title":"Int J Internet Things Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"122_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiot.2021.02.007","volume":"9","author":"PR Gupta","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gupta PR, Singh K, Choudhary S. Challenges in interoperability and automation of IoT systems. J Internet Things. 2021;9(4):134\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jiot.2021.02.007.","journal-title":"J Internet Things"},{"issue":"2","key":"122_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2020.3034698","volume":"17","author":"W Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang W, Li X, Liu Z. A survey on semantic technologies in the Internet of Things. IEEE Trans Industr Inf. 2021;17(2):220\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TII.2020.3034698.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Industr Inf"},{"issue":"1","key":"122_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsys.2022.01.002","volume":"11","author":"LY Lee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lee LY, Lee SP, Chen HW. Ontology-based approaches for automating IoT device interaction. J Smart Syst. 2022;11(1):45\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsys.2022.01.002.","journal-title":"J Smart Syst"},{"key":"122_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8967","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3141842","volume":"10","author":"R Singh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Singh R, Kumar N, Hossain AM. Leveraging semantics for industrial IoT decision-making and automation. IEEE Access. 2022;10:8967\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3141842.","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"5","key":"122_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3921","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2021.3050423","volume":"8","author":"X Xu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xu X, Zeng Z, Liu W. Semantic web technologies for enhancing IoT system interoperability. IEEE Internet Things J. 2021;8(5):3921\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/JIOT.2021.3050423.","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J"},{"issue":"4","key":"122_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.3390\/fi13040093","volume":"13","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Xu X, Zeng M. Ontology-based smart home system for improving device interoperability. Future Internet. 2021;13(4):93\u2013105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/fi13040093.","journal-title":"Future Internet"},{"issue":"3","key":"122_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s41662-022-00134-w","volume":"4","author":"A Singh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Singh A, Verma S, Kumar R. Ontology-driven automation for industrial IoT systems. J Ind IoT. 2022;4(3):115\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s41662-022-00134-w.","journal-title":"J Ind IoT"},{"issue":"2","key":"122_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1504\/IJSNET.2023.129651","volume":"41","author":"H Rahman","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rahman H, Medhi K, Hussain MI. DynO-IoT: a dynamic ontology for provisioning semantic interoperability in the Internet of Things. Int J Sensor Netw. 2023;41(2):114\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1504\/IJSNET.2023.129651.","journal-title":"Int J Sensor Netw"},{"issue":"4","key":"122_CR10","first-page":"903","volume":"17","author":"M Gharieb","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gharieb M, et al. Ontology-based context modeling for IoT-enabled smart systems. Webology. 2020;17(4):903\u201325.","journal-title":"Webology"},{"key":"122_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tosi D, Pazzi R. Design and experimentation of a distributed information retrieval-hybrid architecture in cloud IoT data centers. In: Internet of Things. 7th IFIPIoT 2024 International IFIP WG 5.5 Workshops (pp. 12\u201321). Springer, 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-82065-6_2","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-82065-6_2"},{"key":"122_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23311","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-024-06317-0","volume":"80","author":"F Zeshan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zeshan F, Dar Z, Ahmad A, Malik T. A fuzzy ontology-based context-aware encryption approach in IoT through device and information classification. J Supercomput. 2024;80:23311\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11227-024-06317-0.","journal-title":"J Supercomput"},{"issue":"1","key":"122_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.12720\/jcm.19.1.19-27","volume":"19","author":"Anonymous","year":"2024","unstructured":"Anonymous. A semantic-based middleware for supporting heterogeneity and context awareness in IoT. J Commun. 2024;19(1):19\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12720\/jcm.19.1.19-27.","journal-title":"J Commun"},{"key":"122_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kemos A. Alliance for Internet of Things innovation semantic interoperability release 2.0. AIOTI WG03 \u2013 IoT Standardisation. Link Authors. (2021). Towards Context-Aware Smart Contracts for Blockchain IoT Systems. In 2021 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency (ICBC) 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICBC51069.2021.9461112","DOI":"10.1109\/ICBC51069.2021.9461112"},{"issue":"6","key":"122_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-023-1234","volume":"130","author":"R Shah","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shah R, Patel H. Semantic middleware for industry 4.0 applications. Springer Int J Adv Manuf Technol. 2023;130(6):1453\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00170-023-1234.","journal-title":"Springer Int J Adv Manuf Technol"},{"issue":"5","key":"122_CR16","first-page":"314","volume":"8","author":"V Sudha","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sudha V, Durggapriya S. Security of ontology in IoT environments. Int J Sci Res Technol. 2023;8(5):314\u20138.","journal-title":"Int J Sci Res Technol"},{"issue":"3","key":"122_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-023-1234","volume":"5","author":"I Brown","year":"2023","unstructured":"Brown I, et al. Ontology for precision agriculture in IoT systems. Springer Internet Things J. 2023;5(3):215\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12325-023-1234.","journal-title":"Springer Internet Things J"},{"issue":"1","key":"122_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/12345678","volume":"9","author":"M Garcia","year":"2024","unstructured":"Garcia M, et al. Semantic framework for IoT-based remote patient monitoring. ACM Trans Healthcare Inform. 2024;9(1):1\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/12345678.","journal-title":"ACM Trans Healthcare Inform"},{"issue":"2","key":"122_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1109\/TCC.2023.1234567","volume":"11","author":"P Fernandez","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fernandez P, et al. Scalable semantic web technologies for distributed IoT systems. IEEE Trans Cloud Comput. 2023;11(2):320\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TCC.2023.1234567.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Cloud Comput"},{"issue":"8","key":"122_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2023.1245678","volume":"9","author":"D Miller","year":"2023","unstructured":"Miller D, Zhang L. Experimental validation of semantic IoT systems for latency reduction. IEEE Internet Things J. 2023;9(8):1345\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/JIOT.2023.1245678.","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J"},{"issue":"4","key":"122_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-024-06415-8","volume":"8","author":"R Dutta","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dutta R, Singh A. Smart campus applications using semantic reasoning frameworks. Springer Smart Infrastr Appl J. 2024;8(4):145\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11227-024-06415-8.","journal-title":"Springer Smart Infrastr Appl J"},{"issue":"1","key":"122_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1109\/TCS.2024.1234789","volume":"12","author":"J Park","year":"2024","unstructured":"Park J, et al. Semantic-based anomaly detection in IoT networks. IEEE Trans Cybersecur. 2024;12(1):45\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TCS.2024.1234789.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Cybersecur"},{"issue":"3","key":"122_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/12345679","volume":"22","author":"S Kim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kim S, Choi Y. A semantic authentication mechanism for IoT systems. ACM Trans Embed Comput Syst. 2023;22(3):1\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/12345679.","journal-title":"ACM Trans Embed Comput Syst"},{"issue":"2","key":"122_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1080\/12345678.2024.123456","volume":"15","author":"T Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen T, et al. Dynamic semantic framework for big data processing in IoT systems. Taylor Francis J Cloud Comput. 2024;15(2):215\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/12345678.2024.123456.","journal-title":"Taylor Francis J Cloud Comput"},{"issue":"1","key":"122_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-023-1235","volume":"5","author":"M Lee","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lee M, Johnson R. Semantic metadata for IoT data discoverability. Springer Internet Things J. 2023;5(1):90\u2013105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12325-023-1235.","journal-title":"Springer Internet Things J"},{"issue":"3","key":"122_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1109\/TBT.2024.1245678","volume":"9","author":"P Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang P, et al. Blockchain integration with semantic frameworks for IoT scalability. IEEE Trans Blockchain Technol. 2024;9(3):401\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TBT.2024.1245678.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Blockchain Technol"},{"issue":"2","key":"122_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/12345680","volume":"6","author":"A Patel","year":"2023","unstructured":"Patel A, et al. Context-aware semantic IoT system for urban infrastructure. ACM Trans Smart Cities. 2023;6(2):1\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/12345680.","journal-title":"ACM Trans Smart Cities"},{"issue":"2","key":"122_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1080\/12345678.2024.123459","volume":"8","author":"N Ahmed","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ahmed N, Gupta S. Energy-efficient semantic framework for IoT systems. Taylor Francis J Internet Things Sustain. 2024;8(2):67\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/12345678.2024.123459.","journal-title":"Taylor Francis J Internet Things Sustain"},{"issue":"3","key":"122_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2024.1234567","volume":"71","author":"R Kumar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kumar R, et al. Ontology-driven framework for remote patient monitoring in IoT. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2024;71(3):134\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TBME.2024.1234567.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"2","key":"122_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-024-1236","volume":"12","author":"M Hassan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hassan M, Ali J. Semantic interoperability in IoT-enabled smart homes. Springer Smart Syst Technol J. 2024;12(2):100\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12325-024-1236.","journal-title":"Springer Smart Syst Technol J"},{"issue":"2","key":"122_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2023.1245679","volume":"11","author":"P Singh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Singh P, et al. A semantic intrusion detection system for IoT networks. IEEE Internet Things J. 2023;11(2):200\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/JIOT.2023.1245679.","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J"},{"issue":"3","key":"122_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-024-1240","volume":"10","author":"R Lopez","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lopez R, Fernandez H. Enhancing IoT ecosystem scalability with semantic frameworks. Springer Int J Smart Syst. 2024;10(3):330\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12325-024-1240.","journal-title":"Springer Int J Smart Syst"},{"issue":"1","key":"122_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1080\/12345678.2024.123460","volume":"14","author":"T Nguyen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nguyen T, Lee C. Semantic frameworks for adaptability in IoT applications. Taylor & Francis J IoT Res Appl. 2024;14(1):45\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/12345678.2024.123460.","journal-title":"Taylor & Francis J IoT Res Appl"},{"key":"122_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pereira PHM, Cainelli G, Pereira CE, Da Costa JPJ, De Freitas EP. An interoperability middleware for IIoT, 2023 IEEE 32nd International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE), Helsinki, Finland, 2023, pp. 1\u20136, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ISIE51358.2023.10227975","DOI":"10.1109\/ISIE51358.2023.10227975"}],"container-title":["Discover Internet of Things"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s43926-025-00122-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s43926-025-00122-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s43926-025-00122-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T15:45:30Z","timestamp":1741707930000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s43926-025-00122-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["122"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43926-025-00122-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["2730-7239"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2730-7239","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 November 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 March 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 March 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"22"}}