{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T21:55:17Z","timestamp":1776376517155,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]],"date-time":"2021-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638748800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Discov Artif Intell"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The publication of the UK\u2019s National Artificial Intelligence (AI) Strategy represents a step-change in the national industrial, policy, regulatory, and geo-strategic agenda. Although there is a multiplicity of threads to explore this text can be read primarily as a \u2018<jats:italic>signalling\u2019<\/jats:italic> document. <jats:italic>Indeed, we read the National AI Strategy as a vision for innovation and opportunity, underpinned by a trust framework that has innovation and opportunity at the forefront.<\/jats:italic> We provide an overview of the structure of the document and offer an emphasised commentary on various standouts. Our main takeaways are: <jats:italic>Innovation First<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>:<\/jats:italic> a clear signal is that innovation is at the forefront of UK\u2019s data priorities. <jats:italic>Alternative Ecosystem of Trust:<\/jats:italic> the UK\u2019s regulatory-market norms becoming the preferred ecosystem is dependent upon the regulatory system and delivery frameworks required. <jats:italic>Defence, Security and Risk:<\/jats:italic> security and risk are discussed in terms of <jats:italic>utilisation<\/jats:italic> of AI and <jats:italic>governance<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>Revision of Data Protection:<\/jats:italic> the signal is that the UK is indeed seeking to position itself as less stringent regarding data protection and necessary documentation. <jats:italic>EU Disalignment\u2014Atlanticism?:<\/jats:italic> questions are raised regarding a step back in terms of data protection rights. We conclude with further notes on data flow continuity, the feasibility of a sector approach to regulation, legal liability, and the lack of a method of engagement for stakeholders. Whilst the strategy sends important signals for innovation, achieving <jats:italic>ethical innovation<\/jats:italic> is a harder challenge and will require a carefully evolved framework built with appropriate expertise.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s44163-021-00014-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]],"date-time":"2021-12-06T15:02:55Z","timestamp":1638802975000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Innovation and opportunity: review of the UK\u2019s national AI strategy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Emre","family":"Kazim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Denise","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nigel","family":"Kingsman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Kerrigan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adriano","family":"Koshiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Lomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Airlie","family":"Hilliard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"14_CR1","unstructured":"Office for Artificial Intelligence. National AI strategy; 2021. https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/1020402\/National_AI_Strategy_-_PDF_version.pdf"},{"key":"14_CR2","unstructured":"Department for Digital, Culture, Media & Sport. Government response to the consultation on the National Data Strategy; 2021b. https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/consultations\/uk-national-data-strategy-nds-consultation\/outcome\/government-response-to-the-consultation-on-the-national-data-strategy"},{"key":"14_CR3","unstructured":"Goodson M. The UK AI strategy: Are we listening to the experts?; 2021. https:\/\/datasciencesection.org\/2021\/09\/13\/the-uk-ai-strategy-are-we-listening-to-the-experts\/"},{"key":"14_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"European Commission. Horizon Europe: Strategic plan 2021\u20132024. Publications Office of the European Union; 2021b. https:\/\/data.europa.eu\/doi\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2777\/083753","DOI":"10.2777\/083753"},{"key":"14_CR5","unstructured":"Prime Minister\u2019s Office. Prime Minister sets out plans to realise and maximise the opportunities of scientific and technological breakthroughs [Press Release]; 2021. https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/news\/prime-minister-sets-out-plans-to-realise-and-maximise-the-opportunities-of-scientific-and-technological-breakthroughs"},{"key":"14_CR6","unstructured":"Department for Digital, Culture, Media & Sport. Digital regulation: Driving growth and unlocking innovation; 2021a. https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/digital-regulation-driving-growth-and-unlocking-innovation\/digital-regulation-driving-growth-and-unlocking-innovation"},{"key":"14_CR7","unstructured":"Ahamat G, Chang M, Thomas C. The need for effective AI assurance. Centre for Data Ethics and Innovation Blog; 2021. https:\/\/cdei.blog.gov.uk\/2021\/04\/15\/the-need-for-effective-ai-assurance\/"},{"key":"14_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3778998","author":"A Koshiyama","year":"2021","unstructured":"Koshiyama A, Kazim E, Treleaven P, Rai P, Szpruch L, Pavey G, Ahamat G, Leutner F, Goebel R, Knight A, Adams J, Hitrova C, Barnett J, Nachev P, Barber D, Chamorro-Premuzic T, Klemmer K, Gregorovic M, Khan S, Lomas E. Towards algorithm auditing: a survey on managing legal, ethical and technological risks of AI, ML and associated algorithms. SSRN Electron J. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.3778998.","journal-title":"SSRN Electron J"},{"key":"14_CR9","unstructured":"European Commission. Proposal for a regulation laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence; 2021c. https:\/\/digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu\/en\/library\/proposal-regulation-laying-down-harmonised-rules-artificial-intelligence"},{"key":"14_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3846898","author":"E Kazim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kazim E, Kerrigan C, Koshiyama A. EU proposed AI legal framework. SSRN Electron J. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.3846898.","journal-title":"SSRN Electron J"},{"key":"14_CR11","unstructured":"European Commission. Commission adopts adequacy decisions for the UK [Text]. European Commission\u2014European Commission; 2021a. https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/commission\/presscorner\/detail\/en\/ip_21_3183"},{"key":"14_CR12","unstructured":"Koshiyama A, Kazim E, Treleaven P. Familiar methods can help to ensure trustworthy AI as the algorithm auditing industry grows; 2021. https:\/\/oecd.ai\/en\/wonk\/algorithm-auditing-trustworty-ai"},{"key":"14_CR13","unstructured":"Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. OECD principles on Artificial Intelligence; 2021. https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/going-digital\/ai\/principles\/"},{"key":"14_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3935987","author":"E Kazim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kazim E, Polle R, Carvalho G, Koshiyama A, Inness C, Knight A, Gorski C, Barber D, Lomas E, Yilmaz E, Thompson G, Ahamat G, Pavey G, Platts K, Szpruch L, Gregorovic M, Rodrigues M, Ugwudike P, Nachev P, Goebel R. Towards AI standards: thought-leadership in AI legal, ethical and safety specifications through experimentation. SSRN Electron J. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.3935987.","journal-title":"SSRN Electron J"},{"key":"14_CR15","unstructured":"European Data Protection Board. 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The ethics of facial recognition technologies, surveillance, and accountability in an age of artificial intelligence: a comparative analysis of US, EU, and UK regulatory frameworks. AI and Ethics. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43681-021-00077-w.","journal-title":"AI and Ethics"}],"container-title":["Discover Artificial Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s44163-021-00014-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s44163-021-00014-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s44163-021-00014-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]],"date-time":"2021-12-06T15:36:33Z","timestamp":1638804993000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s44163-021-00014-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["14"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s44163-021-00014-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["2731-0809"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2731-0809","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 November 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 November 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 December 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"14"}}