{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T01:36:39Z","timestamp":1771464999880,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]],"date-time":"2025-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752624000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]],"date-time":"2025-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752624000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Discov Artif Intell"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>With the development of global tourism, language barriers have severely affected the travel experience of international tourists. This study presentss an automatic translation method for tourism English based on deep learning. In response to the demand for the automatic translation of tourism English, this study proposes a translation method based on deep learning. The background section highlights that with the development of tourism, language barriers have become an important factor affecting the experiences of international tourists. The research process involves an experimental design, including a baseline setting, evaluation index selection and experimental environment construction. Moses, Giza++, NMT, Google Translate, Microsoft Translator and other methods are used for comparison. The experimental results show that the method proposed in this study is significantly better than the others in terms of the BLEU and ROUGE scores and has a lower average delay time and higher throughput in real-time evaluation. The results indicate that this method effectively improves the quality and real-time performance of English tourism translations and has practical applied value.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s44163-025-00416-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]],"date-time":"2025-07-16T07:56:07Z","timestamp":1752652567000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The role of the tourism English automatic translation method based on deep learning in tourism economic development"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Xing","family":"Ming","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"416_CR1","first-page":"1","volume":"27","author":"SH Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li SH. A corpus-based multimodal approach to the translation of restaurant menus. Perspect Stud Transl Theor Pract. 2019;27(1):1\u201319.","journal-title":"Perspect Stud Transl Theor Pract"},{"issue":"8","key":"416_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1080\/13683500.2022.2053073","volume":"26","author":"JK Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang JK, Zhang Y. Does tourism contribute to the nighttime economy? Evidence from China. Curr Issue Tour. 2023;26(8):1295\u2013310.","journal-title":"Curr Issue Tour"},{"issue":"5","key":"416_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1177\/0047287518773919","volume":"58","author":"VS Lin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lin VS, Yang Y, Li G. Where can tourism-led growth and economy-driven tourism growth occur? J Travel Res. 2019;58(5):760\u201373.","journal-title":"J Travel Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"416_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1007\/s12371-021-00616-1","volume":"14","author":"Q Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li Q, Wu RX, Ng Y. Developing culturally effective strategies for Chinese to English Geotourism translation by corpus-based interdisciplinary translation analysis. Geoheritage. 2022;14(1):6.","journal-title":"Geoheritage"},{"issue":"3","key":"416_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1080\/15022250.2021.1921020","volume":"21","author":"J Manniche","year":"2021","unstructured":"Manniche J, Broegaard RB, Larsen KT. The circular economy in tourism: transition perspectives for business and research. Scand J Hosp Tour. 2021;21(3):247\u201364.","journal-title":"Scand J Hosp Tour"},{"issue":"4","key":"416_CR6","first-page":"8307","volume":"40","author":"YF Jia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jia YF. Regional differences and the contributory factors based on tourism economy in river delta of Yangtze of China using fuzzy analytic hierarchy process. J Intell Fuzzy Syst. 2021;40(4):8307\u201315.","journal-title":"J Intell Fuzzy Syst"},{"issue":"11","key":"416_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3158","DOI":"10.1108\/IJCHM-10-2017-0701","volume":"30","author":"MH Esfehani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Esfehani MH, Walters T. Lost in translation? Cross-language thematic analysis in tourism and hospitality research. Int J Contemp Hosp Manag. 2018;30(11):3158\u201374.","journal-title":"Int J Contemp Hosp Manag"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"416_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1080\/14616688.2021.1894227","volume":"25","author":"I Yrigoy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yrigoy I. Strengthening the political economy of tourism: profits, rents and finance. Tour Geogr. 2023;25(2\u20133):405\u201324.","journal-title":"Tour Geogr"},{"issue":"4","key":"416_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.3390\/sym14040743","volume":"14","author":"F Gao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gao F, Zhang JP, Liu YG, Han YH. Image translation for oracle bone character interpretation. Symmet Basel. 2022;14(4):743.","journal-title":"Symmet Basel"},{"issue":"3","key":"416_CR10","first-page":"943","volume":"53","author":"Y Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang Y, Wang Y. Research on intelligent translation method for short texts based on improved RNN algorithm. Inform Technol Control. 2024;53(3):943\u201359.","journal-title":"Inform Technol Control"},{"issue":"5","key":"416_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1080\/13683500.2021.1887099","volume":"25","author":"DA Fennell","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fennell DA. The tourism knowledge translation framework: bridging the canyon between theory and practice. Curr Issue Tour. 2022;25(5):674\u201391.","journal-title":"Curr Issue Tour"},{"key":"416_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S177","DOI":"10.24869\/psyd.2021.177","volume":"33","author":"KD Zheng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zheng KD. A study on English translation problems and translation methods of Chinese \u201cred culture\u201d scenic spots under the background of psychology. Psychiatr Danub. 2021;33:S177\u20138.","journal-title":"Psychiatr Danub"},{"key":"416_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2022.109476","volume":"144","author":"AX Xu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xu AX, Wang C, Tang DC, Ye WJ. Tourism circular economy: identification and measurement of tourism industry ecologization. Ecol Ind. 2022;144: 109476.","journal-title":"Ecol Ind"},{"key":"416_CR14","first-page":"S153","volume":"33","author":"KD Zheng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zheng KD. English translation problems and translation methods of Chinese scenic spots under the background of psychology. Psychiatr Danub. 2021;33:S153\u20135.","journal-title":"Psychiatr Danub"},{"issue":"5","key":"416_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1002\/jtr.2362","volume":"22","author":"E \u00c7akmak","year":"2020","unstructured":"\u00c7akmak E, \u00c7enesiz MA. Measuring the size of the informal tourism economy in Thailand. Int J Tour Res. 2020;22(5):637\u201352.","journal-title":"Int J Tour Res"},{"issue":"19","key":"416_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3914","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-024-04117-8","volume":"48","author":"V Budini","year":"2024","unstructured":"Budini V, Zanettin C, Brambullo T, Bassetto F, Vindigni V. Aesthetic surgery tourism: an opportunity or a danger? Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2024;48(19):3914\u201320.","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"416_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9752","DOI":"10.3390\/su15129752","volume":"15","author":"XJ Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen XJ, Ling XP. A conceptual model study of tourism resource sharing in the digital economy. Sustainability. 2023;15(12):9752.","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"416_CR18","volume":"26","author":"S Hayes","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hayes S, Tucker H, Golding C. Exploring \u2018deep learning\u2019 during an international tourism field school. J Hosp Leis Sport Tour Educ. 2020;26: 100229.","journal-title":"J Hosp Leis Sport Tour Educ"},{"issue":"2","key":"416_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1108\/IJSHE-09-2018-0150","volume":"20","author":"A Lengyel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lengyel A, Sz\u0151ke S, Kov\u00e1cs S, D\u00e1vid LD, B\u00e1csn\u00e9 B\u00e1ba \u00c9, M\u00fcller A. Assessing the essential pre-conditions of an authentic sustainability curriculum. Int J Sustain High Educ. 2019;20(2):309\u201340.","journal-title":"Int J Sustain High Educ"},{"issue":"12","key":"416_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4480","DOI":"10.1108\/IJCHM-09-2021-1176","volume":"34","author":"A Essien","year":"2022","unstructured":"Essien A, Chukwukelu G. Deep learning in hospitality and tourism: a research framework agenda for future research. Int J Contemp Hosp Manag. 2022;34(12):4480\u2013515.","journal-title":"Int J Contemp Hosp Manag"},{"issue":"5","key":"416_CR21","first-page":"4809","volume":"36","author":"J Srivastava","year":"2019","unstructured":"Srivastava J, Sanyal S, Srivastava AK. Extraction of reordering rules for statistical machine translation. J Intell Fuzzy Syst. 2019;36(5):4809\u201319.","journal-title":"J Intell Fuzzy Syst"},{"key":"416_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2024.105007","volume":"106","author":"AP Kirilenko","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kirilenko AP, Stepchenkova S. Facilitating topic modeling in tourism research: comprehensive comparison of new AI technologies. Tour Manage. 2025;106: 105007.","journal-title":"Tour Manage"},{"issue":"1","key":"416_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2003","DOI":"10.1080\/1331677X.2022.2094443","volume":"36","author":"R Tang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tang R. Digital economy drives tourism development-empirical evidence based on the UK. Econ Res Ekonomska Istrazivanja. 2023;36(1):2003\u201320.","journal-title":"Econ Res Ekonomska Istrazivanja"},{"issue":"8","key":"416_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.30638\/eemj.2018.180","volume":"17","author":"LJ Zheng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zheng LJ, Liu HQ. Identification of focal actors in the translation of the rural tourism actor-network: a case in China. Environ Eng Manag J. 2018;17(8):1813\u201323.","journal-title":"Environ Eng Manag J"},{"issue":"4","key":"416_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-023-01866-y","volume":"132","author":"S Kim","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kim S, Baek J, Park J, Ha E, Jung H, Lee T, et al. InstaFormer++: multi-domain instance-aware image-to-image translation with transformer. Int J Comput Vision. 2024;132(4):1167\u201386.","journal-title":"Int J Comput Vision"},{"issue":"9","key":"416_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1080\/13683500.2017.1357682","volume":"22","author":"E Ketter","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ketter E. Eating with eat with: analyzing tourism-sharing economy consumers. Curr Issue Tour. 2019;22(9):1062\u201375.","journal-title":"Curr Issue Tour"},{"key":"416_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhtm.2021.01.009","volume":"46","author":"JK Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang JK, Zhang Y. A qualitative comparative analysis of tourism and gender equality in emerging economies. J Hosp Tour Manag. 2021;46:284\u201392.","journal-title":"J Hosp Tour Manag"},{"issue":"13","key":"416_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1830","DOI":"10.1080\/13683500.2020.1806793","volume":"24","author":"J Thieme","year":"2021","unstructured":"Thieme J, Hampton MP, Stoian C, Zigan K. The political economy of backpacker tourism: explorations of tourism actors\u2019 embeddedness in Colombia. Curr Issue Tour. 2021;24(13):1830\u201355.","journal-title":"Curr Issue Tour"},{"key":"416_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.895221","volume":"10","author":"Y Song","year":"2022","unstructured":"Song Y, Su ZW, Tao R, Umut A. Revealing the effectiveness of tourism development on health in Asian economies. Front Public Health. 2022;10: 895221.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"416_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1177\/13548166231181261","volume":"30","author":"N Kahyalar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kahyalar N, Seetaram N, Fethi S. Tourism and the shadow economy: long-run and short-run implications for resource allocation. Tour Econ. 2024;30(3):749\u201366.","journal-title":"Tour Econ"}],"container-title":["Discover Artificial Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s44163-025-00416-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s44163-025-00416-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s44163-025-00416-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,7]],"date-time":"2025-09-07T11:53:46Z","timestamp":1757246026000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s44163-025-00416-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["416"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s44163-025-00416-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["2731-0809"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2731-0809","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 December 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 July 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The protocol have been performed in accordance with the principles stated in the Declaration of Helsinki. Prior to starting the study, ethical approval has been obtained for all protocols from the School of General Education Curriculum, Sanya Institute of Technology ethics committee.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"151"}}