{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T09:16:35Z","timestamp":1770455795823,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,11]],"date-time":"2026-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768089600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":26,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Discov Artif Intell"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s44163-025-00818-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,11]],"date-time":"2026-01-11T17:05:57Z","timestamp":1768151157000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Credit risk measurement model of financial enterprises based on improved HHO"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Hanqi","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"818_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5579","DOI":"10.1007\/s11831-022-09780-1","volume":"29","author":"M Shehab","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shehab M, Mashal I, Momani Z, Shambour MKY, AL-Badareen A, Al-Dabet S, et al. Harris hawks optimization algorithm: variants and applications. Arch Comput Methods Eng. 2022;29(7):5579\u2013603.","journal-title":"Arch Comput Methods Eng"},{"issue":"6","key":"818_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8719","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-022-12164-z","volume":"81","author":"H Al-Safi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Al-Safi H, Munilla J, Rahebi J. Patient privacy in smart cities by blockchain technology and feature selection with Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO) algorithm and machine learning. Multimed Tools Appl. 2022;81(6):8719\u201343.","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"issue":"5","key":"818_CR3","first-page":"1","volume":"13","author":"MA Chandra","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chandra MA, Bedi SS. Survey on SVM and their application in image classification. Int J Inf Technol. 2021;13(5):1\u201311.","journal-title":"Int J Inf Technol"},{"issue":"12","key":"818_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12745","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2021.3088519","volume":"52","author":"Q Ye","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ye Q, Huang P, Zhang Z, Zheng Y, Fu L, Yang W. Multiview learning with robust double-sided twin SVM. IEEE Trans Cybern. 2021;52(12):12745\u201358.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Cybern"},{"issue":"2","key":"818_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.57152\/malcom.v3i2.897","volume":"3","author":"S Rabbani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rabbani S, Safitri D, Rahmadhani N, et al. Perbandingan evaluasi kernel svm untuk klasifikasi sentimen dalam analisis kenaikan harga BBM: Comparative evaluation of SVM kernels for sentiment classification in fuel price increase analysis. MALCOM: Indones J Mach Learn Comput Sci. 2023;3(2):153\u201360.","journal-title":"MALCOM: Indones J Mach Learn Comput Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"818_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3934\/DSFE.2025002","volume":"5","author":"Y Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li Y, Yan K. Prediction of bank credit customers churn based on machine learning and interpretability analysis. Data Sci Finance Econ. 2025;5(1):19\u201334.","journal-title":"Data Sci Finance Econ"},{"issue":"2","key":"818_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1007\/s13349-022-00641-w","volume":"13","author":"Y Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li Y, Yin Q, Zhang Y, Qiu W. Prediction of long-term maximum settlement deformation of concrete face rockfill dams using hybrid support vector regression optimized with HHO algorithm. J Civ Struct Health Monit. 2023;13(2):371\u201386.","journal-title":"J Civ Struct Health Monit"},{"issue":"5","key":"818_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2926","DOI":"10.1080\/03772063.2021.1908180","volume":"69","author":"V Kumar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kumar V, Sharma V, Naresh R. HHO-based model predictive controller for combined voltage and frequency control problem including SMES. IETE J Res. 2023;69(5):2926\u201340.","journal-title":"IETE J Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"818_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.48161\/qaj.v1n2a50","volume":"1","author":"DM Abdullah","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abdullah DM, Abdulazeez AM. Machine learning applications based on SVM classification a review. Qubahan Acad J. 2021;1(2):81\u201390.","journal-title":"Qubahan Acad J"},{"issue":"1","key":"818_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/s40745-021-00344-x","volume":"10","author":"A Kurani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kurani A, Doshi P, Vakharia A, Shah M. A comprehensive comparative study of artificial neural network (ANN) and support vector machines (SVM) on stock forecasting. Ann Data Sci. 2023;10(1):183\u2013208.","journal-title":"Ann Data Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"818_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1007\/s10257-019-00414-x","volume":"18","author":"F Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang F, Ding L, Yu H, Zhao Y. Big data analytics on enterprise credit risk evaluation of e-business platform. Inf Syst E-Bus Manage. 2020;18(3):311\u201350.","journal-title":"Inf Syst E-Bus Manage"},{"issue":"3","key":"818_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3713","DOI":"10.1002\/ijfe.2346","volume":"27","author":"MS Uddin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Uddin MS, Chi G, Al Janabi MAM, Habib T. Leveraging random forest in micro-enterprises credit risk modelling for accuracy and interpretability. Int J Financ Econ. 2022;27(3):3713\u201329.","journal-title":"Int J Financ Econ"},{"issue":"2","key":"818_CR13","first-page":"63","volume":"3","author":"Y Shi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shi Y, Zhang Q, Yuan Y. Enterprise stratified credit strategy based on RAROC model. Insight-Information. 2021;3(2):63\u20137.","journal-title":"Insight-Information"},{"issue":"9","key":"818_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3901","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-020-05510-5","volume":"33","author":"H Shang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shang H, Lu D, Zhou Q. Early warning of enterprise finance risk of big data mining in internet of things based on fuzzy association rules. Neural Comput Appl. 2021;33(9):3901\u20139.","journal-title":"Neural Comput Appl"},{"issue":"1","key":"818_CR15","first-page":"254","volume":"7","author":"Y Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu Y. Discussion on the enterprise financial risk management framework based on AI fintech. Decis Mak: Appl Manag Eng. 2024;7(1):254\u201369.","journal-title":"Decis Mak: Appl Manag Eng"},{"issue":"1","key":"818_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.32604\/cmc.2022.024989","volume":"72","author":"M Tair","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tair M, Zivkovic M. A chaotic oppositional whale optimisation algorithm with firefly search for medical diagnostics. Comput Mater Continua. 2022;72(1):959\u201382.","journal-title":"Comput Mater Continua"},{"issue":"5","key":"818_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3185","DOI":"10.1177\/14759217241263954","volume":"24","author":"S Hassani","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hassani S. Meta-model structural monitoring with cutting-edge AAE-VMD fusion alongside optimized machine learning methods. Struct Health Monit. 2024;24(5):3185\u2013213.","journal-title":"Struct Health Monit"},{"key":"818_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2021.120820","volume":"169","author":"H Yu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yu H, Zhao Y, Liu Z, Liu W, Zhan S, Wang F. Research on the financing income of supply chains based on an E-commerce platform. Technol Forecast Soc Change. 2021;169:120820.","journal-title":"Technol Forecast Soc Change"},{"issue":"4\/5","key":"818_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1108\/JEIM-01-2021-0057","volume":"35","author":"J Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang J, Zhao Y, Han C, Liu Y, Yang M. Big data, big challenges: risk management of financial market in the digital economy. J Enterp Inf Manag. 2022;35(4\/5):1288\u2013304.","journal-title":"J Enterp Inf Manag"},{"issue":"1","key":"818_CR20","first-page":"2","volume":"1","author":"N Luo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Luo N, Yu H, You Z, Li Y, Zhou T, Jiao Y, et al. Fuzzy logic and neural network-based risk assessment model for import and export enterprises: a review. J Data Sci Intell Syst. 2023;1(1):2\u201311.","journal-title":"J Data Sci Intell Syst"},{"issue":"4","key":"818_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1007\/s10614-021-10135-4","volume":"60","author":"Y Song","year":"2022","unstructured":"Song Y, Wu R. The impact of financial enterprises\u2019 excessive financialization risk assessment for risk control based on data mining and machine learning. Comput Econ. 2022;60(4):1245\u201367.","journal-title":"Comput Econ"},{"issue":"4","key":"818_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3559","DOI":"10.1007\/s40747-021-00614-4","volume":"9","author":"MZ Abedin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Abedin MZ, Guotai C, Hajek P, Zhang T. Combining weighted SMOTE with ensemble learning for the class-imbalanced prediction of small business credit risk. Complex Intell Syst. 2023;9(4):3559\u201379.","journal-title":"Complex Intell Syst"}],"container-title":["Discover Artificial Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s44163-025-00818-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s44163-025-00818-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s44163-025-00818-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T15:50:02Z","timestamp":1770393002000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s44163-025-00818-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,11]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["818"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s44163-025-00818-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["2731-0809"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2731-0809","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interest"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Clinical trial number"}}],"article-number":"106"}}