{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T14:45:31Z","timestamp":1740149131313,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,7]],"date-time":"2023-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683417600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,7]],"date-time":"2023-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007614","name":"Al Jouf University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DSR\u20132021\u201302\u20130349"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DSR\u20132021\u201302\u20130349"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007614","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Comput Intell Syst"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this modern era, visual data transmission, processing, and analysis play a vital role in daily life. Image denoising is the process of approximately estimating the original version of a degraded image. The presence of unexpected noise (e.g., fixed, random, and Gaussian) is the root cause of degradation, which has been reduced to some extent by many linear and non-linear filters based on a median value. The real issue is developing a strategy that should be generalized enough to effectively restore an image corrupted with multi-nature noise. Many researchers have developed novel concepts, but their tactics must acquire the highest performance in this area. This article proposes a constrained strategy for this problem, i.e., an adaptively directed denoising filter (ADD filter) based on a neural network. It consists of three major stages: training, filtering, and enhancing. First, we train a feed-forward back-propagation neural network on noisy and noise-free pixels for effective differentiation. Second, we apply a one-pass selective filter to the noisy image. The objective of this one-pass filter is to minimize noise using an adaptive median or directional filter based on density. Finally, the iterative directional filter is applied to the pre-processed image to enhance its visual quality. The extensive experiments depict that the proposed system has achieved better subjective results and improved local (structural similarity) and global (peak signal-to-noise ratio or mean square error) statistical measures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s44196-023-00259-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,7]],"date-time":"2023-05-07T07:01:22Z","timestamp":1683442882000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Adaptively Directed Image Restoration Using Resilient Backpropagation Neural Network"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Waqas","family":"Nawaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Hameed","family":"Siddiqi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Almadhor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"259_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-022-12847-7","author":"N Bindal","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bindal, N., Ghumaan, R.S., Sohi, P.J.S., Sharma, N., Joshi, H., Garg, B.: A systematic review of state-of-the-art noise removal techniques in digital images. Multimed. Tools Appl. (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-022-12847-7","journal-title":"Multimed. Tools Appl."},{"key":"259_CR2","volume-title":"Digital Image Processing","author":"RC Gonzalez","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gonzalez, R.C.: Digital Image Processing. Pearson Education (2009)"},{"key":"259_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chervyakov, N. I., Lyakhov, P. A., Orazaev, A. R., & Valueva, M. V.: Efficiency analysis of the image impulse noise cleaning using median filters with weighted central element. In: 2017 International Multi-Conference on Engineering, Computer and Information Sciences (SIBIRCON), IEEE, pp. 141\u201346 (2017)","DOI":"10.1109\/SIBIRCON.2017.8109856"},{"issue":"11","key":"259_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7006","DOI":"10.1117\/1.2388933","volume":"45","author":"O Haik","year":"2006","unstructured":"Haik, O., Lior, Y., Nahmani, D., et al.: Effects of image restoration on acquisition of moving objects from thermal video sequences degraded by the atmosphere. Opt. Eng. 45(11), 7006 (2006)","journal-title":"Opt. Eng."},{"issue":"800","key":"259_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1086\/342606","volume":"114","author":"JL Starck","year":"2002","unstructured":"Starck, J.L., Pantin, E.: Deconvolution in astronomy: a review. Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 114(800), 1051\u20131069 (2002)","journal-title":"Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac."},{"issue":"5","key":"259_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.3736\/jcim20040503","volume":"2","author":"V Xiaoqiang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Xiaoqiang, V., Qing, L.: Analysis of studies on pattern recognition of tongue image in traditional Chinese medicine by computer technology. J. Chin. Integr. Med. 2(5), 326\u2013329 (2004)","journal-title":"J. Chin. Integr. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"259_CR7","first-page":"215","volume":"25","author":"Ma Chao","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chao, Ma., Zhide, T., Lin, T.: Application of image segmentation technique in tongue diagnosis. Comput. Simul. 25(2), 215\u2013218 (2008)","journal-title":"Comput. Simul."},{"key":"259_CR8","unstructured":"Chen, Q., Lin, X., Xu, Z.: A summary of research of computer recognition of tongue image in TCM. Laioning J. Tradit. Chin. Med. (2006)"},{"key":"259_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3092425","author":"RS Thakur","year":"2021","unstructured":"Thakur, R.S., Chatterjee, S., Yadav, R.N., Gupta, L.: Image de-noising with machine learning: a review. IEEE Access (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3092425","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"5","key":"259_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2179","DOI":"10.1007\/s40747-021-00428-4","volume":"7","author":"AE Ilesanmi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ilesanmi, A.E., Ilesanmi, T.O.: Methods for image denoising using convolutional neural network: a review. Complex Intell. Syst. 7(5), 2179\u20132198 (2021)","journal-title":"Complex Intell. Syst."},{"issue":"8","key":"259_CR11","first-page":"784","volume":"48","author":"T Chen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Chen, T., Wu, H.R.: Space variant median filters for the restoration of impulse noise corrupted images. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II 48(8), 784\u2013789 (2001)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II"},{"issue":"1","key":"259_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/97.889633","volume":"8","author":"T Chen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Chen, T., Wu, H.R.: Adaptive impulse detection using center-weighted median filters. IEEE Signal Process. Lett. 8(1), 1\u20133 (2001)","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process. Lett."},{"key":"259_CR13","first-page":"2371","volume":"4","author":"E Abreu","year":"1995","unstructured":"Abreu, E., Mitra, S.K.: A signal-dependent rank ordered mean (SDROM) filter. A new approach for removal of impulses from highly corrupted images. Proc. Int. Conf. Acoust Speech Signal Process 4, 2371\u20132374 (1995)","journal-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Acoust Speech Signal Process"},{"issue":"7","key":"259_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2004.830117","volume":"11","author":"V Senk","year":"2004","unstructured":"Senk, V., Crnojevic, V., Trpovski, Z.: Advanced impulse detection based on pixelwise mad. IEEE Signal Process. Lett. 11(7), 589\u2013592 (2004)","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process. Lett."},{"issue":"10","key":"259_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2579","DOI":"10.1093\/ietfec\/e88-a.10.2579","volume":"88","author":"W Luo","year":"2005","unstructured":"Luo, W.: A new efficient impulse detection algorithm for the removal of impulse noise. IEICE Trans. Fundam. 88(10), 2579\u20132586 (2005)","journal-title":"IEICE Trans. Fundam."},{"key":"259_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2020.166163","volume":"241","author":"DN Thanh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Thanh, D.N., Prasath, V.S., Phung, T.K., Hung, N.Q.: Impulse denoising based on noise accumulation and harmonic analysis techniques. Optik 241, 166163 (2021)","journal-title":"Optik"},{"key":"259_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/4127679","author":"H Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang, H., Zhu, Y., Zheng, H.: NAMF: a nonlocal adaptive mean filter for removal of salt-and-pepper noise. Math. Probl. Eng. (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/4127679","journal-title":"Math. Probl. Eng."},{"key":"259_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12652-022-03747-7","author":"AA Rafiee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rafiee, A.A., Farhang, M.: A very fast and efficient multistage selective convolution filter for removal of salt and pepper noise. J. Ambient Intell. Humaniz. Comput. (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12652-022-03747-7","journal-title":"J. Ambient Intell. Humaniz. Comput."},{"key":"259_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71584","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3188315","volume":"10","author":"NN Hien","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hien, N.N., Thanh, D.N.H., Erkan, U., Tavares, J.M.R.: Image noise removal method based on thresholding and regularization techniques. IEEE Access 10, 71584\u201371597 (2022)","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"7","key":"259_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2006.873144","volume":"13","author":"W Luo","year":"2006","unstructured":"Luo, W.: An efficient detail-preserving approach for removing impulse noise in images. IEEE Signal Process. Lett. 13(7), 413\u2013416 (2006)","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process. Lett."},{"key":"259_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suganya, C., Umamaheswari, O.: Image restoration using noise adaptive fuzzy switching weighted median filter for the removal of impulse noise. In: 2011 Defense Science Research Conference and Expo (DSR), IEEE pp. 1\u20134 (2011)","DOI":"10.1109\/DSR.2011.6026853"},{"key":"259_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beagum, S. S., Hundewale, N., Sathik, M. M.: Improved adaptive median filters using nearest 4-neighbors for restoration of images corrupted with fixed-valued impulse noise. In: 2015 IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Computing Research (ICCIC), IEEE, pp. 1\u20138 (2014)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCIC.2015.7435673"},{"key":"259_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh, N., Maheswari, O. U.: A new denoising algorithm for random valued impulse noise in images using measures of dispersion. In: 2017 Fourth International Conference on Signal Processing, Communication and Networking (ICSCN), IEEE, pp. 1\u20136 (2017)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSCN.2017.8085737"},{"issue":"8","key":"259_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-ipr.2017.0199","volume":"12","author":"SB Sheik Fareed","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sheik Fareed, S.B., Khader, S.S.: Fast adaptive and selective mean filter for the removal of high-density salt and pepper noise. IET Image Proc. 12(8), 1378\u20131387 (2018)","journal-title":"IET Image Proc."},{"key":"259_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lyakhov, P. A., Orazaev, A. R., Chervyakov, N. I., Kaplun, D. I.: A new method for adaptive median filtering of images. In: 2019 IEEE Conference of Russian Young Researchers in Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EIConRus), IEEE, pp. 1197\u20131201 (2019)","DOI":"10.1109\/EIConRus.2019.8657050"},{"issue":"3","key":"259_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"032001","DOI":"10.1088\/1757-899X\/928\/3\/032001","volume":"928","author":"FS Abdulsattar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abdulsattar, F.S.: A new adaptive filter for eliminating salt and pepper noise. IOP Conf. Ser. 928(3), 032001 (2020)","journal-title":"IOP Conf. Ser."},{"issue":"29","key":"259_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21013","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-020-08887-6","volume":"79","author":"DN Thanh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Thanh, D.N., Hai, N.H., Prasath, V.B., Hieu, L.M., Tavares, J.M.R.: A two-stage filter for high density salt and pepper denoising. Multimed. Tools Appl. 79(29), 21013\u201321035 (2020)","journal-title":"Multimed. Tools Appl."},{"key":"259_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Erkan, U., Thanh, D. N., Engino\u011flu, S., Memi\u015f, S.: Improved adaptive weighted mean filter for salt-and-pepper noise removal. In: 2020 International Conference on Electrical, Communication, and Computer Engineering (ICECCE), IEEE, pp. 1\u20135 (2020)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICECCE49384.2020.9179351"},{"key":"259_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksuci.2021.12.020","author":"MR Lone","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lone, M.R., Khan, E.: A good neighbor is a great blessing: nearest neighbor filtering method to remove impulse noise. J King Saud Univ. Comput. Inf. Sci. (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jksuci.2021.12.020","journal-title":"J King Saud Univ. Comput. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"259_CR30","first-page":"359","volume":"23","author":"S Memi\u015f","year":"2021","unstructured":"Memi\u015f, S., Erkan, U.: Different adaptive modified riesz mean filter for high-density salt-and-pepper noise removal in grayscale images. Avrupa Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi 23, 359\u2013367 (2021)","journal-title":"Avrupa Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi"},{"issue":"6","key":"259_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1049\/el:20083025","volume":"44","author":"XM Zhang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zhang, X.M., Yin, Z.P., Xiong, Y.L.: Adaptive switching mean filter using conditional morphological noise detector. Electron. Lett. 44(6), 13 (2008)","journal-title":"Electron. Lett."},{"key":"259_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.1996.559522","volume":"1","author":"CT Chen","year":"1996","unstructured":"Chen, C.T., Chen, L.G.: A self-adjusting weighted median filter for removing impulse noise in image. Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Image Process. 1, 419\u2013422 (1996)","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Image Process."},{"issue":"3","key":"259_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1109\/78.824671","volume":"48","author":"GR Arce","year":"2000","unstructured":"Arce, G.R., Paredes, J.L.: Recursiveweighted median filters admitting negative weights and their optimization. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 48(3), 768\u2013779 (2000)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"issue":"3","key":"259_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2006.884014","volume":"14","author":"Y Dong","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dong, Y., Xu, S.: A new directional weighted median filter for removal of random-valued impulse noise. IEEE Signal Process. Lett 14(3), 193\u2013196 (2007)","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process. Lett"},{"key":"259_CR35","first-page":"637","volume":"2","author":"A Sarkar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sarkar, A., Changder, S., Mandal, J.K.: Directional multi-scaled fusion based median filter for removal of RVIN. Comput. Intell. Data Min. 2, 637\u2013646 (2015)","journal-title":"Comput. Intell. Data Min."},{"key":"259_CR36","first-page":"I-321","volume":"1","author":"K Kondo","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kondo, K., Haseyama, M., Kitajima, H.: An accurate noise detector for image restoration. Proc. Int. Conf. Image Process 1, I-321\u2013I\u2212324 (2002)","journal-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Image Process"},{"issue":"1","key":"259_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2004.838198","volume":"12","author":"I Aizenberg","year":"2005","unstructured":"Aizenberg, I., Butakoff, C., Paliy, D.: Impulsive noise removal using threshold Boolean filtering based on the impulse detecting functions. IEEE Signal Process. Lett. 12(1), 63\u201366 (2005)","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process. Lett."},{"issue":"4","key":"259_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1944","DOI":"10.3906\/elk-2005-12","volume":"29","author":"RS Ghumaan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ghumaan, R.S., Sohi, P.J.S., Sharma, N., Garg, B.: A novel hybrid decision-based filter and universal edge-based logical smoothingadd-on to remove impulsive noise. Turk. J. Electr. Eng. Comput. Sci. 29(4), 1944\u20131963 (2021)","journal-title":"Turk. J. Electr. Eng. Comput. Sci."},{"issue":"11","key":"259_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2005.857261","volume":"14","author":"R Garnett","year":"2005","unstructured":"Garnett, R., Huegerich, T., Chui, C., He, W.: A universal noise removal algorithmwith an impulse detector. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 14(11), 1747\u20131754 (2005)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"issue":"12","key":"259_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2004.838190","volume":"11","author":"RH Chan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chan, R.H., Hu, C., Nikolova, M.: An iterative procedure for removing random-valued impulse noise. IEEE Signal Process. Lett. 11(12), 921\u2013924 (2004)","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process. Lett."},{"issue":"10","key":"259_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2005.852196","volume":"14","author":"RH Chan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chan, R.H., Ho, C.-W., Nikolova, M.: Salt-and-pepper noise removal by median-type noise detectors and detail-preserving regularization. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 14(10), 1479\u20131485 (2005)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"issue":"5","key":"259_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2005.864184","volume":"15","author":"S Kim","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kim, S.: PDE-based image restoration: A hybrid model and color image denoising. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 15(5), 1163\u20131170 (2006)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"259_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.1160","volume":"8","author":"B Turan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Turan, B.: A new approach for SPN removal: nearest value based mean filter. PeerJ Comput. Sci. 8, e1160 (2022)","journal-title":"PeerJ Comput. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"259_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1049\/el:19970257","volume":"33","author":"D Zhang","year":"1997","unstructured":"Zhang, D., Wang, Z.: Impulse noise detection and removal using fuzzy techniques. Electron. Lett. 33(5), 378\u2013379 (1997)","journal-title":"Electron. Lett."},{"issue":"5","key":"259_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2005.864179","volume":"15","author":"S Schulte","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schulte, S., Nachtegael, M., De Witte, V., Van der Weken, D., Kerre, E.E.: A fuzzy impulse noise detection and reduction method. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 15(5), 1153\u20131162 (2006)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"issue":"3","key":"259_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fss.2006.10.010","volume":"158","author":"S Schulte","year":"2007","unstructured":"Schulte, S., De Witte, V., Nachtegael, M., Van der Weken, D., Kerre, E.E.: Fuzzy random impulse noise reduction method. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 158(3), 270\u2013283 (2007)","journal-title":"Fuzzy Sets Syst."},{"issue":"4","key":"259_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCB.2005.845397","volume":"35","author":"CS Lee","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lee, C.S., Guo, S.M., Hsu, C.Y.: Genetic-based fuzzy image filter and its application to image processing. IEEE Trans Syst. Man Cybern. B Cybern. 35(4), 694\u2013711 (2005)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Syst. Man Cybern. B Cybern."},{"issue":"12","key":"259_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3636","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2006.882026","volume":"15","author":"Y Nie","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nie, Y., Barner, K.E.: Fuzzy rank LUM filters. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 15(12), 3636\u20133654 (2006)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"259_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paula, A., Castro, A. D., Demisio, J.: Restoring images with a multiscale neural network based technique. Management (2008)","DOI":"10.1145\/1363686.1364088"},{"issue":"4","key":"259_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2008.917297","volume":"16","author":"SF Liang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Liang, S.F., Lu, S.M., Chang, J.Y., Lin, C.T.: A novel two-stage impulse noise removal technique based on neural networks and fuzzy decision. IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst. 16(4), 863\u2013873 (2008)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst."},{"key":"259_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rezvanian, A., Faez, K., Mahmoudi, F.: A two-pass method to impulse noise reduction from digital images based on neural networks. In: 5th International Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (ICECE), Dhaka, Bangladesh (2008)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICECE.2008.4769240"},{"key":"259_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2019.01.017","volume":"159","author":"HR Shahdoosti","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shahdoosti, H.R., Rahemi, Z.: Edge-preserving image denoising using a deep convolutional neural network. Signal Process. 159, 20\u201332 (2019)","journal-title":"Signal Process."},{"key":"259_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2019.12.024","volume":"124","author":"C Tian","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tian, C., Xu, Y., Li, Z., Zuo, W., Fei, L., Liu, H.: Attention-guided CNN for image denoising. Neural Netw. 124, 117\u2013129 (2020)","journal-title":"Neural Netw."},{"key":"259_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79936","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3084951","volume":"9","author":"J Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang, J., Zhu, Y., Li, W., Fu, W., Cao, L.: DRNet: A deep neural network with multi-layer residual blocks improves image denoising. IEEE Access 9, 79936\u201379946 (2021)","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"4","key":"259_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-ipr.2017.0389","volume":"12","author":"F Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang, F., Cai, N., Wu, J., Cen, G., Wang, H., Chen, X.: Image denoising method based on a deep convolution neural network. IET Image Proc. 12(4), 485\u2013493 (2018)","journal-title":"IET Image Proc."},{"issue":"12","key":"259_CR56","first-page":"1834","volume":"8","author":"K-K Ma","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ma, K.-K., Chen, T., Chen, L.-H.: Tri-state median filter for image denoising. IEEE Signal Process. Lett 8(12), 1834\u20131838 (1999)","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process. Lett"},{"key":"259_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nawaz, W., Jaffar, A., Hussain, A.: Fast directional weighted median filter for removal of random-valued impulse noise. In: 2010 International Conference on Information and Emerging Technologies, IEEE, pp. 1\u20135 (2010)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIET.2010.5625690"},{"issue":"3","key":"259_CR58","first-page":"51","volume":"7","author":"M Roomi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Roomi, M., Maheswari, P., Kumar, A.: A detail preserving filter for impulse noise detection and removal. Int Cong Glob Sci Technol 7(3), 51\u201356 (2007)","journal-title":"Int Cong Glob Sci Technol"},{"key":"259_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, C., Chen, C. T., Kuo, Y., Chen, C.: A two-pass filter for impulse noise reduction based on edge characteristics. Management (2009)","DOI":"10.1109\/IIH-MSP.2009.291"},{"key":"259_CR60","first-page":"6492","volume":"4","author":"Z Yu-qian","year":"2005","unstructured":"Yu-qian, Z., Wei-hua, G., Zhen-cheng, C., Jing-tian, T., Ling-yun, L.: Medical images edge detection based on mathematical morphology. Eng. Med. Biol. 4, 6492\u20136495 (2005)","journal-title":"Eng. Med. Biol."},{"issue":"7","key":"259_CR61","first-page":"1109","volume":"17","author":"V Crnojevic","year":"2008","unstructured":"Crnojevic, V.: Universal impulse noise filter based on genetic programming. Image (Rochester, NY) 17(7), 1109\u20131120 (2008)","journal-title":"Image (Rochester, NY)"},{"key":"259_CR62","unstructured":"Becker, A.: A review on image distortion measures. (2000)"},{"issue":"12","key":"259_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2959","DOI":"10.1109\/26.477498","volume":"43","author":"AM Eskicioglu","year":"1995","unstructured":"Eskicioglu, A.M., Fisher, P.S.: Image quality measures and their performance. IEEE Trans. Commun. 43(12), 2959\u20132965 (1995)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"259_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.3390\/e25010144","volume":"25","author":"Z Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang, Z., Zhuang, J., Ye, S., Xu, N., Xiao, J., Peng, C.: Image restoration quality assessment based on regional differential information entropy. Entropy 25(1), 144 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/e25010144","journal-title":"Entropy"},{"issue":"4","key":"259_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2003.819861","volume":"13","author":"Z Wang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wang, Z., Bovik, A.C., Sheikh, H.R., Simoncelli, E.P.: Image quality assessment: from error visibility to structural similarity. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 13(4), 600\u2013612 (2004)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"issue":"5","key":"259_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1109\/TASSP.1982.1163951","volume":"30","author":"T Nodes","year":"1982","unstructured":"Nodes, T., Gallagher, N.: Median filters: some modifications and their properties. IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech Signal Process. 30(5), 739\u2013746 (1982)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech Signal Process."},{"key":"259_CR67","unstructured":"Arce, G. R., Crinon, R. J.: Median filters: analysis for two-dimensional recursively filtered signals. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conf Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (1984)"},{"issue":"6","key":"259_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1109\/83.923279","volume":"10","author":"T Chen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Chen, T., Wu, H.R.: Application of partition-based median type filters for suppressing noise in images. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 10(6), 829\u2013836 (2001)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"259_CR69","unstructured":"Li, X., Orchard, M.: True edge-preserving filtering for impulse noise removal. In: 34th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers in Pacific Grove CA (2000)"},{"issue":"9","key":"259_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1109\/31.83870","volume":"38","author":"SJ Ko","year":"1991","unstructured":"Ko, S.J., Lee, Y.H.: Center weighted median filters and their applications to image enhancement. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. 38(9), 984\u2013993 (1991)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst."},{"key":"259_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2000.901109","volume":"1","author":"T Chen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Chen, T., Wu, H.R.: A new class of median based impulse rejecting filters. Proc. Int. Conf. Image Process. 1, 916\u2013919 (2000)","journal-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Image Process."},{"issue":"11","key":"259_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2002.805310","volume":"9","author":"S Zhang","year":"2002","unstructured":"Zhang, S., Karim, M.A.: A new impulse detector for switching median filters. IEEE Signal Process. Lett. 9(11), 360\u2013363 (2002)","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process. Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"259_CR73","first-page":"78","volume":"46","author":"Z Wang","year":"1999","unstructured":"Wang, Z., Zhang, D.: Progressive switching median filter for the removal of impulse noise from highly corrupted images. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II 46(1), 78\u201380 (1999)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II"},{"key":"259_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012500451-0\/50004-7","volume-title":"Nonlinear Image Processing","author":"E Abreu","year":"2001","unstructured":"Abreu, E.: Signal-dependent rank-ordered-mean (sd-rom) filter. In: Nonlinear Image Processing, pp. 111\u2013133. Academic Press (2001)"},{"issue":"6","key":"259_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1109\/97.503279","volume":"3","author":"F Russo","year":"1996","unstructured":"Russo, F., Ramponi, G.: A fuzzy filter for images corrupted by impulse noise. IEEE Signal Process. Lett. 3(6), 168\u2013170 (1996)","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process. Lett."},{"key":"259_CR76","unstructured":"Rezvanian, A., Jalilian, O., Paziraee, A., Rasouli, P.: Enhancement of impulse noise from images using cellular automata. In: Proceedings of the 11th Iranian Student Conference on Electrical Engineering, University of Zanjan, Iran (2008)"},{"issue":"1","key":"259_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2002.804278","volume":"12","author":"G Pok","year":"2003","unstructured":"Pok, G., Liu, J.C., Nair, A.S.: Selective removal of impulse noise based on homogeneity level information. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 12(1), 85\u201392 (2003)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"issue":"3","key":"259_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/s100970100031","volume":"3","author":"L Birge","year":"2001","unstructured":"Birge, L., Massart, P.: Gaussian model selection. J. Eur. Math. Soc. 3(3), 203\u2013268 (2001)","journal-title":"J. Eur. Math. Soc."},{"issue":"4","key":"259_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1920","DOI":"10.1109\/TCE.2008.4711254","volume":"54","author":"I Haidi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Haidi, I., Nicholas, S.P.K., Theam, F.N.: Simple adaptive median filter for the removal of impulse noise from highly corrupted images. IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron. 54(4), 1920\u20131927 (2008)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron."},{"key":"259_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peiti, L., Huiyan, W.: An adaptive de-noising method for tongue images in traditional chinies medicine. In: 2nd Asia-Pesific Conference on Computational Intelligence and Industrial Applications (2009)","DOI":"10.1109\/PACIIA.2009.5406479"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s44196-023-00259-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s44196-023-00259-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s44196-023-00259-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,7]],"date-time":"2023-05-07T07:03:54Z","timestamp":1683443034000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s44196-023-00259-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,7]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["259"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s44196-023-00259-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1875-6883"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1875-6883"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 February 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 April 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 May 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflicts of interest to report regarding the present study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}}],"article-number":"74"}}