{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T18:41:40Z","timestamp":1772304100725,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,4]],"date-time":"2024-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720051200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,4]],"date-time":"2024-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720051200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Comput Intell Syst"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The system known as project-based learning, which is applied to specific courses without compromising the coverage of the necessary technical material, uses projects to drive knowledge. The plan and implementation of project-based learning in Chinese teaching\u00a0as a major project, which embraces undergraduate creativity and places an emphasis on real-world, open-ended projects are discussed in this paper. In this paper, research on optimization method of project-based learning design for Chinese teaching based on optimized interference-tolerant fast convergence zeroing neural network (PBLD-ITFCZNN-BRO). It consists of three stages, import phase, main stage and evaluation stage. In the initial phase, the teacher separated the students to groups before the lecture to make sure that every group poses various traits, with some strong leadership skills and hands-on skills. The second phase of the PBL procedure helped transform what is primarily a passive learning environment (taking notes, listening, and sitting) into a more dynamic, student-centered, and interactive one. Students presented data, articulated their concepts, and then optimized their approaches to problem-solving during the evaluation step. The teachers concluded by summarizing. The performance of the proposed PBLD-ITFCZNN-BRO approach contains 15.26%, 20.42% and 21.27% greater accuracy, and 15.61%, 17.50% and 20.24% greater precision rate, compared with Investigation of Computer Network Technology on New Media Problem-Basis Learning Teaching Mode (CNT-PBLTM), PBL Model Basis application on Deep Learning in Physical Education Classroom Integrating Production with Education (PBL-DL-PEC), Interdisciplinary project-based learning: experiences with reflections from teaching electronic engineering at china (PBL-EEC) techniques, respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s44196-024-00532-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,4]],"date-time":"2024-07-04T16:02:33Z","timestamp":1720108953000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Research on the Optimization Method of Project-Based Learning Design for Chinese Teaching Based on Interference-Tolerant Fast Convergence Zeroing Neural Network"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Weihua","family":"Bai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guoli","family":"Geng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuan","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"532_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4930","DOI":"10.1002\/pits.22949","volume":"60","author":"W Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang, W., Lu, M., Yang, P.: An empirical study about the impact of project-based learning on reading literacy of primary students in a blended learning environment. Psychol. Schools 60, 4930\u20134945 (2023)","journal-title":"Psychol. Schools"},{"key":"532_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xie, Y., Liu, Y. Li, C.: Intelligent technology empowering the design and implementation of primary school English project-based learning. In: 2022 International Symposium on Educational Technology (ISET). IEEE, pp 267\u2013272 (2022)","DOI":"10.1109\/ISET55194.2022.00064"},{"key":"532_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tsc.2022.101214","volume":"47","author":"AJ Pan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pan, A.J., Lai, C.F., Kuo, H.C.: Investigating the impact of a possibility-thinking integrated project-based learning history course on high school students\u2019 creativity, learning motivation, and history knowledge. Think. Skills Creat. 47, 101214 (2023)","journal-title":"Think. Skills Creat."},{"issue":"1","key":"532_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s43031-021-00040-z","volume":"4","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhao, Y., Wang, L.: A case study of student development across project-based learning units in middle school chemistry. Discip. Interdiscip. Sci. Educ. Res. 4(1), 1\u201320 (2022)","journal-title":"Discip. Interdiscip. Sci. Educ. Res."},{"key":"532_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2022.107381","volume":"136","author":"N Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li, N., Lim, E.G., Leach, M., Zhang, X., Song, P.: Role of perceived self-efficacy in automated project allocation: Measuring university students\u2019 perceptions of justice in interdisciplinary project-based learning. Comput. Hum. Behav. 136, 107381 (2022)","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"532_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tsc.2023.101269","volume":"48","author":"Y Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang, Y.: The role of computer supported project-based learning in students\u2019 computational thinking and engagement in robotics courses. Think. Skills Creat. 48, 101269 (2023)","journal-title":"Think. Skills Creat."},{"key":"532_CR7","first-page":"1","volume":"29","author":"J Peng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Peng, J., Sun, M., Yuan, B., Lim, C.P., van Merri\u00ebnboer, J.J., Wang, M.: Visible thinking to support online project-based learning: narrowing the achievement gap between high-and low-achieving students. Educ. Inform. Technol. 29, 1\u201335 (2023)","journal-title":"Educ. Inform. Technol."},{"issue":"5","key":"532_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.17507\/jltr.1305.13","volume":"13","author":"S Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang, S.: Critical thinking development through project-based learning. J. Lang. Teach. Res. 13(5), 1007\u20131013 (2022)","journal-title":"J. Lang. Teach. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"532_CR9","first-page":"8","volume":"22","author":"SC Kong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kong, S.C., Zhang, G., Cheung, M.Y.: Pedagogical delivery and feedback for an artificial intelligence literacy programme for university students with diverse academic backgrounds: flipped classroom learning approach with project-based learning. Bull. Tech. Comm. Learn. Technol. 22(1), 8\u201314 (2022)","journal-title":"Bull. Tech. Comm. Learn. Technol."},{"key":"532_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.964320","volume":"10","author":"J Zang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zang, J., Kim, Y., Dong, J.: New evidence on technological acceptance model in preschool education: linking project-based learning (PBL), mental health, and semi-immersive virtual reality with learning performance. Front. Public Health 10, 964320 (2022)","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"532_CR11","first-page":"395","volume":"62","author":"C Yao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yao, C.: Climate education to Chinese adult learners in an English class with a project based learning method. Aust. J. Adult Learn. 62(3), 395\u2013403 (2022)","journal-title":"Aust. J. Adult Learn."},{"key":"532_CR12","unstructured":"Wang, X.M.: Improving English proficiency of higher vocational college students in China with project-based learning (PBL) (2023)"},{"key":"532_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2023.110039","volume":"137","author":"Z Zhu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhu, Z., Xu, Z., Liu, J.: Flipped classroom supported by music combined with deep learning applied in physical education. Appl. Soft Comput. 137, 110039 (2023)","journal-title":"Appl. Soft Comput."},{"issue":"2","key":"532_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1177\/20965311211005478","volume":"5","author":"L Zhou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhou, L., Li, J.: Developing core competence with project-based learning: voices from Chinese High School students serving visually impaired students. ECNU Rev. Educ. 5(2), 383\u2013389 (2022)","journal-title":"ECNU Rev. Educ."},{"issue":"8","key":"532_CR15","first-page":"237","volume":"4","author":"Y Shao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shao, Y., Liu, R.: Preliminary discussion on the deep learning of primary school music classroom with the goal of \u201cimproving core literacy.\u201d Int. J. Soc. Sci. Educ. Res. 4(8), 237\u2013245 (2021)","journal-title":"Int. J. Soc. Sci. Educ. Res."},{"issue":"16","key":"532_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su151612658","volume":"15","author":"X Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang, X., Lee, C.F., Li, Y., Zhu, X.: Digital transformation of education: design of a \u201cproject-based teaching\u201d service platform to promote the integration of production and education. Sustainability 15(16), 12658 (2023)","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"issue":"4","key":"532_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/1881\/4\/042078","volume":"1881","author":"T Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu, T.: Application of science and technology project learning in English linguistics teaching with integration of machine learning. J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 1881(4), 042078 (2021)","journal-title":"J. Phys. Conf. Ser."},{"issue":"4","key":"532_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1007\/s10798-022-09789-4","volume":"33","author":"C Weng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Weng, C., Chen, C., Ai, X.: A pedagogical study on promoting students\u2019 deep learning through design-based learning. Int. J. Technol. Des. Educ. 33(4), 1653\u20131674 (2023)","journal-title":"Int. J. Technol. Des. Educ."},{"key":"532_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.33788\/rcis.73.5","volume":"73","author":"Y Zheng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zheng, Y., Anxin, X.U., Zheng, Q., Shieh, C.J.: The practice of project-based learning to outdoor ecological education on the promotion of students\u2019 problem-solving capability. Revista de Cercetare si Interventie Sociala 73, 69\u201380 (2021)","journal-title":"Revista de Cercetare si Interventie Sociala"},{"key":"532_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/4109663","volume":"2022","author":"C Qu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Qu, C., Li, Y.: Oral English auxiliary teaching system based on deep learning. Adv. Multimed. 2022, 1\u201313 (2022)","journal-title":"Adv. Multimed."},{"key":"532_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10798-023-09848-4","author":"Y Xie","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xie, Y., Zhang, X.: Research on the design and implementation of primary school STEM project based on VR coursewares. Int. J. Technol. Des. Educ. (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10798-023-09848-4","journal-title":"Int. J. Technol. Des. Educ."},{"issue":"5","key":"532_CR22","first-page":"154","volume":"5","author":"H Ji","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ji, H., Li, J., Gao, J., Wu, G., Li, W.: Research on the path of improving college students\u2019 sense of gain in professional theoretical courses based on deep learning. Adult High. Educ. 5(5), 154\u2013165 (2023)","journal-title":"Adult High. Educ."},{"issue":"2","key":"532_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.36892\/ijlls.v3i2.601","volume":"3","author":"M Akharraz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Akharraz, M.: The impact of project-based learning on students\u2019 cultural awareness. Int. J. Lang. Lit. Stud. 3(2), 54\u201380 (2021)","journal-title":"Int. J. Lang. Lit. Stud."},{"key":"532_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.54844\/stemer.2023.0411","author":"YU Hao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hao, Y.U., Guo, Y.: Implementation strategies of STEM education in cultivating graduate students\u2019 learning ability in Chinese higher education. STEM Educ. Rev. (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.54844\/stemer.2023.0411","journal-title":"STEM Educ. Rev."},{"issue":"12","key":"532_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3804","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jchemed.1c00483","volume":"98","author":"Y Yang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xiong, X., Zhang, W., Chen, W., Ge, S.: From lab scale to mass production: a project-based learning on the preparation of (s)-epichlorohydrin for enhancing college student engineering practical abilities. J. Chem. Educ. 98(12), 3804\u20133812 (2021)","journal-title":"J. Chem. Educ."},{"issue":"10","key":"532_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8037","DOI":"10.3390\/su15108037","volume":"15","author":"S Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li, S., Li, Y., Lin, H.: Research on sustainable teaching models of new business\u2014take Chinese University Business School as an example. Sustainability 15(10), 8037 (2023)","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"532_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pan, W.S., Wei, L., Rou, Z.P., Yi, H.J., Ye, L.C. Yuan, L.L.: Teaching case design of robot project-based programming based on STEM concept. In:\u00a0Proceedings of the 2022 5th International Conference on Education Technology Management\u00a0(pp. 276\u2013280) (2022)","DOI":"10.1145\/3582580.3582628"},{"key":"532_CR28","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Project-based learning: a scope review to support the teaching process in higher education","author":"CAR de Luca-Canto","year":"2023","unstructured":"de Luca-Canto, C.A.R., Silveira, M.S., Piana, V.J., Endres, C.M.: Project-based learning: a scope review to support the teaching process in higher education, pp. 1\u20134. Seven Editora (2023)"},{"issue":"2","key":"532_CR29","first-page":"255","volume":"9","author":"R Norawati","year":"2022","unstructured":"Norawati, R., Puspitasari, Y.: The learning skills of English as a foreign language (EFL) student-teachers in project-based learning and case-based learning. JEELS (J. Engl. Educ. Linguist. Stud.) 9(2), 255\u2013277 (2022)","journal-title":"JEELS (J. Engl. Educ. Linguist. Stud.)"},{"key":"532_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.992904","volume":"13","author":"Y Gao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gao, Y.: Overcoming mental health stigma through student\u2019s awareness and project-based inclusive pedagogy in English teaching colleges: moderating role of institutional support in China. Front. Psych. 13, 992904 (2022)","journal-title":"Front. Psych."},{"key":"532_CR31","first-page":"1","volume":"2022","author":"M Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu, M., Mu, X.: Analysis of computer network technology on new media problem-based learning (PBL) teaching method. Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comput. 2022, 1\u201310 (2022)","journal-title":"Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comput."},{"key":"532_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/7498025","volume":"2022","author":"H Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li, H., Deng, H., Zhang, Y.: Application of the PBL model based on deep learning in physical education classroom integrating production and education. Comput. Intell. Neurosci. 2022, 1\u201312 (2022)","journal-title":"Comput. Intell. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"532_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1109\/TE.2022.3186184","volume":"66","author":"H Fan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fan, H., Xie, H., Feng, Q., Bonizzoni, E., Heidari, H., McEwan, M.P., Ghannam, R.: Interdisciplinary project-based learning: experiences and reflections from teaching electronic engineering in china. IEEE Trans. Educ. 66(1), 73\u201382 (2022)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Educ."},{"key":"532_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1002\/cae.22608","volume":"31","author":"C Jiang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jiang, C., Pang, Y.: Enhancing design thinking in engineering students with project-based learning. Comput. Appl. Eng. Educ. 31, 814\u2013830 (2023)","journal-title":"Comput. Appl. Eng. Educ."},{"issue":"2","key":"532_CR35","first-page":"139","volume":"35","author":"S Kim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim, S., Jang, Y., Choi, S., Kim, W., Jung, H., Kim, S., Kim, H.: Analyzing teacher competency with TPACK for K-12 AI education. KI-K\u00fcnstlicheIntelligenz 35(2), 139\u2013151 (2021)","journal-title":"KI-K\u00fcnstlicheIntelligenz"},{"key":"532_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, C. Du, X.: Teaching and learning Chinese as a foreign language through intercultural online collaborative projects.\u00a0The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 1\u201313 (2021)","DOI":"10.1007\/s40299-020-00543-9"},{"key":"532_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tsc.2020.100766","volume":"39","author":"M Barak","year":"2021","unstructured":"Barak, M., Yuan, S.: A cultural perspective to project-based learning and the cultivation of innovative thinking. Think. Skills Creat. 39, 100766 (2021)","journal-title":"Think. Skills Creat."},{"key":"532_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-023-11596-w","volume":"28","author":"X Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li, X., Zhu, W.: The influence factors of students\u2019 transferable skills development in blended-project-based learning environment: a new 3P model. Educ. Inform. Technol. 28, 1\u201331 (2023)","journal-title":"Educ. Inform. Technol."},{"key":"532_CR39","unstructured":"https:\/\/ieee-dataport.org\/open-access\/latic-non-native-pre-labelled-mandarin-chinese-validation-corpus-automatic-speech"},{"key":"532_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3277616","author":"Y Yu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yu, Y., Li, Q., Zhang, H.: Unscented trainable Kalman filter based on deep learning method considering incomplete information. IEEE Access (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3277616","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"1","key":"532_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aej.2020.09.059","volume":"60","author":"J Jin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jin, J., Gong, J.: An interference-tolerant fast convergence zeroing neural network for dynamic matrix inversion and its application to mobile manipulator path tracking. Alex. Eng. J. 60(1), 659\u2013669 (2021)","journal-title":"Alex. Eng. J."},{"key":"532_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2024.106330","volume":"95","author":"G Mohandass","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mohandass, G., Krishnan, G.H., Selvaraj, D., Sridhathan, C.: Lung cancer classification using optimized attention-based convolutional neural network with DenseNet-201 transfer learning model on CT image. Biomed. Signal Process. Control 95, 106330 (2024)","journal-title":"Biomed. Signal Process. Control"},{"issue":"4","key":"532_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-020-05004-4","volume":"33","author":"T Rahkar Farshi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rahkar Farshi, T.: Battle royale optimization algorithm. Neural Comput. Appl. 33(4), 1139\u20131157 (2021)","journal-title":"Neural Comput. Appl."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s44196-024-00532-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s44196-024-00532-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s44196-024-00532-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,7]],"date-time":"2024-07-07T17:04:01Z","timestamp":1720371841000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s44196-024-00532-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,4]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["532"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s44196-024-00532-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1875-6883"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1875-6883","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 December 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 May 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 July 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"178"}}