{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T10:28:30Z","timestamp":1762511310321,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762473600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762473600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Comput Intell Syst"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s44196-025-01007-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T10:23:30Z","timestamp":1762511010000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Optimization of Multi-depot Semi-open Cold-Chain Logistics Paths Under Time-Dependent Road Networks"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Jiaqi","family":"Hou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yanqiu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sa","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"1007_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1755-1315\/440\/3\/032140","author":"X Sun","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sun, X., Gao, L., Lan, Y.: Analysis of the efficiency of china\u2019s cold chain logistics enterprises from the perspective of green supply chain. IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci. (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1755-1315\/440\/3\/032140","journal-title":"IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci."},{"key":"1007_CR2","unstructured":"Nan-xing, W., Yong, L., Yun-feng, M.: Green vehicle routing problem of multi-depot and multi-vehicle cold chain logistics under time-varying road network (2023)"},{"key":"1007_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2021.01.066","volume":"109","author":"H Jia-Wei","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jia-Wei, H., Min, Z., Wen-Ying, Z., Jin-Hua, Z., En-Li, L., Xin-Ting, Y.: A comprehensive review of cold chain logistics for fresh agricultural products: current status, challenges, and future trends. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 109, 536\u2013551 (2021)","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"1007_CR4","first-page":"9864935","volume":"2020","author":"Z Zhixue","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhixue, Z., Xiamiao, L., Xiancheng, Z.: Distribution route optimization for electric vehicles in urban cold chain logistics for fresh products under time-varying traffic conditions. Math. Probl. Eng. 2020, 9864935 (2020)","journal-title":"Math. Probl. Eng."},{"issue":"14","key":"1007_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8110","DOI":"10.3390\/su13148110","volume":"13","author":"S Zhu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhu, S., Fu, H., Li, Y.: Optimization research on vehicle routing for fresh agricultural products based on the investment of freshness-keeping cost in the distribution process. Sustainability 13(14), 8110 (2021)","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"1007_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2024.142615","volume":"462","author":"S Jahdi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jahdi, S., Gulecyuz, S., O\u2019Reilly, S., O\u2019Sullivan, B., Tarim, S.A.: An IRP model to improve the sustainability of cold food supply chains under stochastic demand. J. Clean. Prod. 462, 142615 (2024)","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"issue":"9","key":"1007_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10668-021-01236-z","volume":"23","author":"Y Ji","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ji, Y., Du, J., Wu, X., Wu, Z., Qu, D., Yang, D.: Robust optimization approach to two-echelon agricultural cold chain logistics considering carbon emission and stochastic demand. Environ. Dev. Sustain. 23(9), 1\u201324 (2021)","journal-title":"Environ. Dev. Sustain."},{"key":"1007_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cor.2025.107007","volume":"178","author":"H Luo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Luo, H., Ma, T., Li, Z.: An exact branch-price-and-cut algorithm for the time-dependent cold chain pickup and delivery problem with incompatibility constraints. Comput. Oper. Res. 178, 107007\u2013107007 (2025)","journal-title":"Comput. Oper. Res."},{"key":"1007_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trd.2022.103502","volume":"113","author":"G Xiaolong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xiaolong, G., Wei, Z., Bingbing, L.: Low-carbon routing for cold-chain logistics considering the time-dependent effects of traffic congestion. Transp. Res. Part D 113, 103502 (2022)","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Part D"},{"key":"1007_CR10","volume":"26","author":"J Yuanzhi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yuanzhi, J., Xianlong, G., Long, Z., Jingzheng, R.: A two-stage algorithm for bi-objective logistics model of cash-in-transit vehicle routing problems with economic and environmental optimization based on real-time traffic data. J. Ind. Inf. Integr. 26, 100273 (2022)","journal-title":"J. Ind. Inf. Integr."},{"key":"1007_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trb.2016.10.013","volume":"95","author":"Y Huang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Huang, Y., Zhao, L., Woensel, T.V., Gross, J.-P.: Time-dependent vehicle routing problem with path flexibility. Transp. Res. Part B 95, 169\u2013195 (2017)","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Part B"},{"key":"1007_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apm.2022.09.020","volume":"113","author":"M Bingshan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bingshan, M., Dawei, H., Yin, W., Qian, S., Linwei, H., Xiqiong, C.: Time-dependent vehicle routing problem with departure time and speed optimization for shared autonomous electric vehicle service. Appl. Math. Model. 113, 333\u2013357 (2023)","journal-title":"Appl. Math. Model."},{"key":"1007_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2023.109093","volume":"177","author":"L Hongyuan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hongyuan, L., Mahjoub, D., Olivier, G.: A branch-price-and-cut algorithm for a time-dependent green vehicle routing problem with the consideration of traffic congestion. Comput. Ind. Eng. 177, 109093 (2023)","journal-title":"Comput. Ind. Eng."},{"key":"1007_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2023.109601","volume":"185","author":"M Franco","year":"2023","unstructured":"Franco, M., Elizabeth, M., Germ\u00e1n, P.-B., Andr\u00e9s, B.: A bi-objective time-dependent vehicle routing problem with delivery failure probabilities. Comput. Ind. Eng. 185, 109601 (2023)","journal-title":"Comput. Ind. Eng."},{"key":"1007_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2024.125570","volume":"262","author":"W Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang, W., Li, Y., Yan, H., Zhao, W., Zhao, Q., Luo, K.: A two-phase algorithm for the dynamic time-dependent green vehicle routing problem in decoration waste collection. Expert Syst. Appl. 262, 125570\u2013125570 (2025)","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"1007_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eij.2024.100574","volume":"28","author":"J Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li, J., Li, J., Xu, Y.: An improved multiobjective evolutionary algorithm for time-dependent vehicle routing problem with time windows. Egypt. Inform. J. 28, 100574\u2013100574 (2024)","journal-title":"Egypt. Inform. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"1007_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2023.02.028","volume":"310","author":"L Yiming","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yiming, L., Baldacci, R., Jianwen, Z., Yang, Y., Yu, Z., Wei, S.: Efficient feasibility checks and an adaptive large neighborhood search algorithm for the time-dependent green vehicle routing problem with time windows. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 310(1), 133\u2013155 (2023)","journal-title":"Eur. J. Oper. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"1007_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1287\/trsc.2024.erratum.v58.n5","volume":"58","author":"S Dabia","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dabia, S., Ropke, S., Woensel, T.: Erratum: \u201cbranch and price for the time-dependent vehicle routing problem with time windows\u2019\u2019. Transp. Sci. 58(5), 919\u2013919 (2024)","journal-title":"Transp. Sci."},{"key":"1007_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125996","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2024.125996","volume":"265","author":"PB Castellucci","year":"2025","unstructured":"Castellucci, P.B., Coelho, L.C., Darvish, M.: A new branch-and-benders-cut algorithm for the time-dependent vehicle routing problem. Expert Syst. Appl. 265, 125996\u2013125996 (2025)","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"1007_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.15244\/pjoes\/186444","volume":"34","author":"J Hou","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hou, J., Liu, Y., Zhang, Y., Hu, J., Zhang, A.: Optimization of urban cold chain logistics path considering carbon constraints. Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 34, 705\u2013717 (2025)","journal-title":"Pol. J. Environ. Stud."},{"key":"1007_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.120807","volume":"232","author":"D Nistha","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nistha, D., Ajinkya, T.: A multi-depot vehicle routing problem with time windows, split pickup and split delivery for surplus food recovery and redistribution. Expert Syst. Appl. 232, 120807 (2023)","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"1007_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2024.109942","volume":"189","author":"W Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu, W., Qiu, J., Deng, J., Zheng, N., Chang, X., Liu, Y.: Variable neighbourhood search embedded perturbation mechanism for multi-depot vehicle routing problem with simultaneous delivery and pickup, and time limit. Comput. Ind. Eng. 189, 109942 (2024)","journal-title":"Comput. Ind. Eng."},{"issue":"1","key":"1007_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/2583\/1\/012008","volume":"2583","author":"S Yuhe","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yuhe, S., Yun, L.: Bi-objective optimization for multi-depot green vehicle routing problem with time windows considering carbon emission. J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 2583(1), 012008 (2023)","journal-title":"J. Phys. Conf. Ser."},{"key":"1007_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122483","volume":"241","author":"S Petr","year":"2024","unstructured":"Petr, S., Libor, K.: Multi-depot vehicle routing problem with drones: mathematical formulation, solution algorithm and experiments. Expert Syst. Appl. 241, 122483 (2024)","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"1007_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109942","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2024.109942","volume":"189","author":"W Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu, W., Qiu, J., Deng, J., Zheng, N., Chang, X., Liu, Y.: Variable neighbourhood search embedded perturbation mechanism for multi-depot vehicle routing problem with simultaneous delivery and amp; pickup, and time limit. Comput. Ind. Eng. 189, 109942 (2024)","journal-title":"Comput. Ind. Eng."},{"key":"1007_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2024.111789","volume":"161","author":"Y Su","year":"2024","unstructured":"Su, Y., Zhang, S., Zhang, C.: A lightweight genetic algorithm with variable neighborhood search for multi-depot vehicle routing problem with time windows. Appl. Soft Comput. 161, 111789 (2024)","journal-title":"Appl. Soft Comput."},{"issue":"PB","key":"1007_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2024.124608","volume":"255","author":"AA Jolfaei","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jolfaei, A.A., Alinaghian, M.: Multi-depot vehicle routing problem with roaming delivery locations considering hard time windows: solved by a hybrid els-lns algorithm. Expert Syst. Appl. 255(PB), 124608\u2013124608 (2024)","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"issue":"PB","key":"1007_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2024.109700","volume":"139","author":"Y Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Gou, M., Luo, S., Fan, J., Wang, H.: The multi-depot pickup and delivery vehicle routing problem with time windows and dynamic demands. Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell. 139(PB), 109700\u2013109700 (2025)","journal-title":"Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell."},{"key":"1007_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2024.144417","volume":"486","author":"Y Xu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xu, Y., Abdelaziz, F.B., Sahnoun, M., Louis, A.: Optimized cooperative vehicle routing in multi-depot collection systems for circular economy: model development and case study. J. Clean. Prod. 486, 144417\u2013144417 (2025)","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"1007_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9639","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-025-11048-1","volume":"37","author":"TY Lim","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lim, T.Y., Ng, X.J., Tan, C.J., Lim, C.P.: Stepwise monogamous pairing genetic algorithm method applied to a multi-depot vehicle routing problem with time windows. Neural Comput. Appl. 37, 9639\u20139668 (2025)","journal-title":"Neural Comput. Appl."},{"key":"1007_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.110258","volume":"147","author":"G Campuzano","year":"2025","unstructured":"Campuzano, G., Ruiz, E.L., Mes, M.: The two-tier multi-depot vehicle routing problem with robot stations and time windows. Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell. 147, 110258\u2013110258 (2025)","journal-title":"Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell."},{"key":"1007_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103798","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tre.2024.103798","volume":"192","author":"Y Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Wei, Z., Luo, S., Zhou, J., Zhen, L.: Collaboration and resource sharing in the multidepot time-dependent vehicle routing problem with time windows. Transp. Res. Part E 192, 103798\u2013103798 (2024)","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Part E"},{"issue":"C","key":"1007_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2019.106011","volume":"137","author":"Z Xu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xu, Z., Elomri, A., Pokharel, S., Mutlu, F.: A model for capacitated green vehicle routing problem with the time-varying vehicle speed and soft time windows. Comput. Ind. Eng. 137(C), 106011\u2013106011 (2019)","journal-title":"Comput. Ind. Eng."},{"issue":"5","key":"1007_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.3390\/su9050694","volume":"9","author":"S Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang, S., Tao, F., Shi, Y., Wen, H.: Optimization of vehicle routing problem with time windows for cold chain logistics based on carbon tax. Sustainability 9(5), 694 (2017)","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"1007_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2020.104715","volume":"156","author":"G Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu, G., Hu, J., Yang, Y., Xia, S., Lim, M.K.: Vehicle routing problem in cold chain logistics: a joint distribution model with carbon trading mechanisms. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 156, 104715 (2020)","journal-title":"Resour. Conserv. Recycl."},{"issue":"1","key":"1007_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.3141\/2058-20","volume":"2058","author":"M Barth","year":"2008","unstructured":"Barth, M., Boriboonsomsin, K.: Real-world carbon dioxide impacts of traffic congestion. Transp. Res. Rec. 2058(1), 163\u2013171 (2008)","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Rec."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s44196-025-01007-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s44196-025-01007-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s44196-025-01007-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T10:23:31Z","timestamp":1762511011000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s44196-025-01007-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1007"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s44196-025-01007-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1875-6883"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1875-6883"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 July 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 September 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 November 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declaration"}},{"value":"The authors report there are no competing interests to declare.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"289"}}