{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T03:21:06Z","timestamp":1768533666519,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765756800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":31,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Manipal University Jaipur"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Comput Intell Syst"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s44196-025-01080-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T12:59:38Z","timestamp":1765803578000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["MultiRegFuse: Multimodal Medical Image Registration Using SURF-ATSRC and Fusion with LWT-UEO Optimization"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Paluck","family":"Arora","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rajesh","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pramod Kumar","family":"Soni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"23","key":"1080_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63919","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-023-17991-2","volume":"83","author":"HO Velesaca","year":"2024","unstructured":"Velesaca, H.O., Bastidas, G., Rouhani, M., Sappa, A.D.: Multimodal image registration techniques: a comprehensive survey. Multimedia Tools Appl. 83(23), 63919\u201363947 (2024)","journal-title":"Multimedia Tools Appl."},{"issue":"5","key":"1080_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6223","DOI":"10.1007\/s10586-024-04281-1","volume":"27","author":"P Arora","year":"2024","unstructured":"Arora, P., Mehta, R., Ahuja, R.: An integration of meta-heuristic approach utilizing kernel principal component analysis for multimodal medical image registration. Clust. Comput. 27(5), 6223\u20136246 (2024)","journal-title":"Clust. Comput."},{"issue":"8","key":"1080_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksuci.2023.101733","volume":"35","author":"SU Khan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Khan, S.U., Khan, M.A., Azhar, M., Khan, F., Lee, Y., Javed, M.: Multimodal medical image fusion towards future research: a review. J. King Saud Univ. Comput. Inf. Sci. 35(8), 101733 (2023)","journal-title":"J. King Saud Univ. Comput. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"1080_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arora, P., Mehta, R., Ahuja, R.: A novel image alignment technique leveraging teaching learning-based optimization for medical images. In: International Conference on Data Analytics & Management, pp. 317\u2013328 (2023). Springer","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-99-6544-1_24"},{"key":"1080_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He, X., Meile, C., Bhandarkar, S.M.: Multimodal registration of fish and nanosims images using convolutional neural network models. arXiv:2201.05545 (2022)","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.4075457"},{"issue":"6","key":"1080_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1007\/s00723-025-01756-1","volume":"56","author":"P Arora","year":"2025","unstructured":"Arora, P., Mehta, R., Ahuja, R.: Deep-TLBO: achieving robust deformable medical image registration leveraging deep learning and teaching learning-based optimization. Appl. Magn. Reson. 56(6), 769\u2013801 (2025)","journal-title":"Appl. Magn. Reson."},{"key":"1080_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramaraj, V., Swamy, M.V.A., Sankar, M.K.: Medical image fusion for brain tumor diagnosis using effective discrete wavelet transform methods. J. Inf. Syst. Eng. Bus. Intell. 10(1) (2024)","DOI":"10.20473\/jisebi.10.1.70-80"},{"issue":"3","key":"1080_CR8","first-page":"3394","volume":"5","author":"P Maddaiah","year":"2014","unstructured":"Maddaiah, P., Pournami, P., Govindan, V.: Optimization of image registration for medical image analysis. Int. J. Comput. Sci. Inf. Technol 5(3), 3394\u20133398 (2014)","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Sci. Inf. Technol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1080_CR9","first-page":"4504306","volume":"2021","author":"Q Zheng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zheng, Q., Wang, Q., Ba, X., Liu, S., Nan, J., Zhang, S.: A medical image registration method based on progressive images. Comput. Math. Methods Med. 2021(1), 4504306 (2021)","journal-title":"Comput. Math. Methods Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"1080_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.11648\/j.ajop.20190704.11","volume":"7","author":"Z Sheng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sheng, Z., Peihua, L., Yuli, L., Mingsi, Q., Changgang, J., Meng, Z.: Image registration method based on optimized surf algorithm. Am. J. Opt. Photon. 7(4), 63\u201369 (2019)","journal-title":"Am. J. Opt. Photon."},{"key":"1080_CR11","first-page":"1514","volume":"9","author":"H Vishwakarma","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vishwakarma, H., Katiyar, S.: Accuracy assessment of projective transformation based hybrid approach for automatic satellite image registration. Int. J. Civ. Eng. Technol 9, 1514\u20131523 (2018)","journal-title":"Int. J. Civ. Eng. Technol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1080_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/s12524-019-01063-w","volume":"48","author":"R Swathi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Swathi, R., Srinivas, A.: An improved image registration method using e-sift feature descriptor with hybrid optimization algorithm. J. Indian Soc. Remote Sens. 48(2), 215\u2013226 (2020)","journal-title":"J. Indian Soc. Remote Sens."},{"issue":"1","key":"1080_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1504\/IJBET.2016.074113","volume":"20","author":"S Gupta","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gupta, S., Chakarvarti, S.K.: Zaheeruddin: medical image registration based on fuzzy c-means clustering segmentation approach using surf. Int. J. Biomed. Eng. Technol. 20(1), 33\u201350 (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1504\/IJBET.2016.074113","journal-title":"Int. J. Biomed. Eng. Technol."},{"issue":"PB","key":"1080_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2024.109597","volume":"119","author":"P Arora","year":"2024","unstructured":"Arora, P., Mehta, R., Ahuja, R.: Deep-ueo: empowering medical image registration with hybrid strategy based on deep learning and united equilibrium optimizer. Comput. Electr. Eng. 119(PB), 109597 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2024.109597","journal-title":"Comput. Electr. Eng."},{"key":"1080_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Samantaray, M.R., Panigrahi, M.K., Patra, K.C.: Enhanced feature matching algorithm for medical image registration. In: Smart and Sustainable Technologies: Rural and Tribal Development Using IoT and Cloud Computing, pp. 357\u2013363. Springer, Berlin (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-19-2277-0_33","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-19-2277-0_33"},{"key":"1080_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21164","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2818403","volume":"6","author":"W Cao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cao, W., Lyu, F., He, Z., Cao, G., He, Z.: Multimodal medical image registration based on feature spheres in geometric algebra. IEEE Access 6, 21164\u201321172 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2818403","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"1","key":"1080_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.32604\/cmc.2021.016131","volume":"68","author":"MA Azam","year":"2021","unstructured":"Azam, M.A., Khan, K.B., Ahmad, M., Mazzara, M.: Multimodal medical image registration and fusion for quality enhancement. Comput. Mater. Contin. 68(1), 821\u2013840 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32604\/cmc.2021.016131","journal-title":"Comput. Mater. Contin."},{"key":"1080_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gadde, P., Yu, X.H.: Image registration with artificial neural networks using spatial and frequency features. In: Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, vol. 12, pp. 4643\u20134649 (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/IJCNN.2016.7727809","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCNN.2016.7727809"},{"issue":"5","key":"1080_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1007\/s12524-024-01809-1","volume":"52","author":"X Zhu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhu, X., Bao, W.: Performance comparison of image fusion alternatives combining PCA with multi-resolution wavelet transforms. J. Indian Soc. Remote Sens. 52(5), 943\u2013956 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12524-024-01809-1","journal-title":"J. Indian Soc. Remote Sens."},{"issue":"2","key":"1080_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-018-6229-5","volume":"78","author":"R Bashir","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bashir, R., Junejo, R., Qadri, N.N., Fleury, M., Qadri, M.Y.: SWT and PCA image fusion methods for multi-modal imagery. Multimedia Tools Appl. 78(2), 1235\u20131263 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-018-6229-5","journal-title":"Multimedia Tools Appl."},{"issue":"October 2020","key":"1080_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2020.165742","volume":"225","author":"RR Nair","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nair, R.R., Singh, T.: An optimal registration on shearlet domain with novel weighted energy fusion for multi-modal medical images. Optik 225(October 2020), 165742 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijleo.2020.165742","journal-title":"Optik"},{"key":"1080_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2024.106976","volume":"100","author":"P-H Dinh","year":"2025","unstructured":"cDinh, P.-H.: MIF-BTF-MRN: medical image fusion based on the bilateral texture filter and transfer learning with the Resnet-101 network. Biomed. Signal Process. Control 100, 106976 (2025)","journal-title":"Biomed. Signal Process. Control"},{"issue":"8","key":"1080_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4325","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-023-09294-2","volume":"36","author":"P-H Dinh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dinh, P.-H., Giang, N.L.: Medical image fusion based on transfer learning techniques and coupled neural p systems. Neural Comput. Appl. 36(8), 4325\u20134347 (2024)","journal-title":"Neural Comput. Appl."},{"key":"1080_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2023.105370","volume":"87","author":"OC Do","year":"2024","unstructured":"Do, O.C., Luong, C.M., Dinh, P.-H., Tran, G.S.: An efficient approach to medical image fusion based on optimization and transfer learning with vgg19. Biomed. Signal Process. Control 87, 105370 (2024)","journal-title":"Biomed. Signal Process. Control"},{"issue":"7","key":"1080_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1080\/13682199.2023.2190947","volume":"71","author":"P-H Dinh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dinh, P.-H.: A novel approach using the local energy function and its variations for medical image fusion. Imaging Sci. J. 71(7), 660\u2013676 (2023)","journal-title":"Imaging Sci. J."},{"key":"1080_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2022.104343","volume":"80","author":"P-H Dinh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dinh, P.-H.: Combining spectral total variation with dynamic threshold neural p systems for medical image fusion. Biomed. Signal Process. Control 80, 104343 (2023)","journal-title":"Biomed. Signal Process. Control"},{"key":"1080_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2021.114576","volume":"171","author":"P-H Dinh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dinh, P.-H.: A novel approach based on grasshopper optimization algorithm for medical image fusion. Expert Syst. Appl. 171, 114576 (2021)","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"1080_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2021.102696","volume":"68","author":"P-H Dinh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dinh, P.-H.: Combining Gabor energy with equilibrium optimizer algorithm for multi-modality medical image fusion. Biomed. Signal Process. Control 68, 102696 (2021)","journal-title":"Biomed. Signal Process. Control"},{"issue":"2","key":"1080_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s11045-024-00889-z","volume":"35","author":"NS Mishra","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mishra, N.S., Dhabal, S.: An improved hybrid fusion of noisy medical images using differential evolution-based artificial rabbits optimization algorithm. Multidimension. Syst. Signal Process. 35(2), 83\u2013137 (2024)","journal-title":"Multidimension. Syst. Signal Process."},{"key":"1080_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2021.166413","volume":"231","author":"S Shehanaz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shehanaz, S., Daniel, E., Guntur, S.R., Satrasupalli, S.: Optimum weighted multimodal medical image fusion using particle swarm optimization. Optik 231, 166413 (2021)","journal-title":"Optik"},{"issue":"6","key":"1080_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3217","DOI":"10.3390\/app15063217","volume":"15","author":"T Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang, T., Yin, Q., Li, S., Guo, T., Fan, Z.: An optimized genetic algorithm-based wavelet image fusion technique for PCB detection. Appl. Sci. 15(6), 3217 (2025)","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"1080_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13536","DOI":"10.1111\/exsy.13536","volume":"42","author":"M Meer","year":"2025","unstructured":"Meer, M., Khan, M.A., Jabeen, K., Alzahrani, A.I., Alalwan, N., Shabaz, M., Khan, F.: Deep convolutional neural networks information fusion and improved whale optimization algorithm based smart oral squamous cell carcinoma classification framework using histopathological images. Expert. Syst. 42(1), 13536 (2025)","journal-title":"Expert. Syst."},{"key":"1080_CR33","unstructured":"Johnson, K.A., Becker, J.A.: The whole brain ATLAS. https:\/\/www.med.harvard.edu\/aanlib\/. Accessed Jan 2024 (2008)"},{"key":"1080_CR34","unstructured":"Mohrezaeib: Brain MRI Images for Brain Tumor Detection. https:\/\/www.kaggle.com\/datasets\/navoneel\/brain-mri-images-for-brain-tumor-detection. Accessed March 2024 (2022)"},{"key":"1080_CR35","unstructured":"VBOOKSHELF: Brain CT images with intracranial hemorrhage masks. https:\/\/www.kaggle.com\/vbookshelf\/computed-tomography-ct-images. Accessed Feb. 2024 (2019)"},{"key":"1080_CR36","unstructured":"Feltrin, F.: Brain Tumor MRI images 44 classes. https:\/\/www.kaggle.com\/datasets\/fernando2rad\/brain-tumor-mri-images-44c. Accessed Jan. 2024 (2022)"},{"key":"1080_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Arora, P., Mehta, R., Ahuja, R.: An adaptive medical image registration using hybridization of teaching learning-based optimization with affine and speeded up robust features with projective transformation. Cluster Comput. 3 (2023) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10586-023-03974-3","DOI":"10.1007\/s10586-023-03974-3"},{"issue":"1","key":"1080_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19261","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-69997-x","volume":"14","author":"AA Alzahrani","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alzahrani, A.A.: Enhanced multimodal medical image fusion via modified dwt with arithmetic optimization algorithm. Sci. Rep. 14(1), 19261 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-69997-x. (1\u201315)","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"4","key":"1080_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1007\/s10729-019-09492-2","volume":"23","author":"VS Parvathy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Parvathy, V.S., Pothiraj, S.: Multi-modality medical image fusion using hybridization of binary crow search optimization. Health Care Manag. Sci. 23(4), 661\u2013669 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10729-019-09492-2","journal-title":"Health Care Manag. Sci."},{"key":"1080_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70851","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3402965","volume":"12","author":"Y Zhou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhou, Y., Yang, X., Liu, S., Yin, J.: Multimodal medical image fusion network based on target information enhancement. IEEE Access 12, 70851\u201370869 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3402965","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"13","key":"1080_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40179","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-023-16872-y","volume":"83","author":"M Rani","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rani, M., Yadav, J., Rathee, N., Goyal, S.: Efficient fused convolution neural network (EFCNN) for feature level fusion of medical images. Multimedia Tools Appl. 83(13), 40179\u201340214 (2024)","journal-title":"Multimedia Tools Appl."},{"issue":"21","key":"1080_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23701","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-024-19968-1","volume":"84","author":"S Kalamkar","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kalamkar, S., Amalanathan, G.M.: Mda-vit: multimodal image fusion using dual attention vision transformer. Multimedia Tools Appl. 84(21), 23701\u201323723 (2025)","journal-title":"Multimedia Tools Appl."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s44196-025-01080-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s44196-025-01080-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s44196-025-01080-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T10:45:17Z","timestamp":1768473917000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s44196-025-01080-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1080"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s44196-025-01080-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1875-6883"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1875-6883","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 September 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 November 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 December 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no Conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Not applicable (as the dataset is publicly available and clinical images are available on reasonable request).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate"}}],"article-number":"27"}}