{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T03:30:53Z","timestamp":1773372653124,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772928000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Comput Intell Syst"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    A novel intuitionistic fuzzy rough similarity measure for classifying intuitionistic fuzzy rough graphs (IFRG) is presented in this study. Using both objective and subjective, it presents intuitionistic fuzzy rough preference relationships (IFRPRs) to assess the reputation ratings of experts. This approach improves decision-making by considering various competing criteria. To improve the decision-making process, the study also integrates energy concepts\u2013energy\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <jats:tex-math>$$\\left(E\\right)$$<\/jats:tex-math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    , Laplacian energy\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <jats:tex-math>$$\\left(LE\\right)$$<\/jats:tex-math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    , and signless Laplacian energy\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <jats:tex-math>$$\\left(SLE\\right)$$<\/jats:tex-math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    \u2013into IFRG. The study examines eigenvalue characteristics, emphasizing the boundaries of\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <jats:tex-math>$$E$$<\/jats:tex-math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <jats:tex-math>$$LE$$<\/jats:tex-math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <jats:tex-math>$$SLE$$<\/jats:tex-math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    , and shows how suggested approaches might be used in real-time to choose renewable energy sources. The findings reveal that these approaches effectively address complex decision-making challenges. It incorporates sophisticated energy measures into IFRGs and provides a framework for assessing expert reputation ratings. The study uses two methods\u2013the similarity measure and IFRG\u2019s\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <jats:tex-math>$$E$$<\/jats:tex-math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <jats:tex-math>$$LE$$<\/jats:tex-math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <jats:tex-math>$$SLE$$<\/jats:tex-math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    \u2013to resolve decision-making concerns and evaluates several competing aspects to establish criteria relevance. It validates the efficacy of the suggested procedures through example.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Graphical abstract<\/jats:bold>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s44196-026-01195-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T05:23:56Z","timestamp":1772947436000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Similarity Measures and Energy-Based Decision-Making in Intuitionistic Fuzzy Rough Graphs"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3303-4544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noorjahan","family":"Shaik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3866-246X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharief Basha","family":"Shaik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"1195_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429452161","volume-title":"Renewable energy resources","author":"J Twidell","year":"2021","unstructured":"Twidell, J.: Renewable energy resources. Routledge (2021)"},{"issue":"6","key":"1195_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2006.10.017","volume":"32","author":"H Lund","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lund, H.: Renewable energy strategies for sustainable development. Energy 32(6), 912\u2013919 (2007)","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"1195_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/S0019-9958(65)90241-X","volume":"8","author":"LA Zadeh","year":"1965","unstructured":"Zadeh, L.A.: Fuzzy sets. Inf. Control. 8, 338\u2013353 (1965)","journal-title":"Inf. Control."},{"issue":"1","key":"1195_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0114(86)80034-3","volume":"20","author":"KT Atanassov","year":"1986","unstructured":"Atanassov, K.T.: Intuitionistic fuzzy sets. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 20(1), 87\u201396 (1986)","journal-title":"Fuzzy Sets Syst."},{"issue":"14","key":"1195_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1080\/00207720500382365","volume":"36","author":"K Atanassov","year":"2005","unstructured":"Atanassov, K., Pasi, G., Yager, R.: Intuitionistic fuzzy interpretations of multi-criteria multi-person and multi-measurement tool decision making. Int. J. Syst. Sci. 36(14), 859\u2013868 (2005)","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Sci."},{"key":"1195_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2006.12.019","volume":"177","author":"Z Xu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Xu, Z.: Intuitionistic preference relations and their application in group decision making. Inf. Sci. 177, 2363\u20132379 (2007)","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"issue":"9","key":"1195_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3421","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-015-1813-3","volume":"20","author":"S Das","year":"2016","unstructured":"Das, S., Dutta, B., Guha, D.: Weight computation of criteria in a decision-making problem by knowledge measure with intuitionistic fuzzy set and interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy set. Soft. Comput. 20(9), 3421\u20133442 (2016)","journal-title":"Soft. Comput."},{"issue":"3","key":"1195_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2017.2738603","volume":"26","author":"S Das","year":"2017","unstructured":"Das, S., Guha, D., Mesiar, R.: Information measures in the intuitionistic fuzzy framework and their relationships. IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst. 26(3), 1626\u20131637 (2017)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst."},{"key":"1195_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01001956","volume":"11","author":"Z Pawlak","year":"1982","unstructured":"Pawlak, Z.: Rough sets. Int. J. Comput. Inform. Sci. 11, 341\u2013356 (1982)","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Inform. Sci."},{"issue":"8","key":"1195_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2006.10.006","volume":"20","author":"D Pei","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pei, D., Xu, Z.-B.: Transformation of rough set models. Knowl. Based Syst. 20(8), 745\u2013751 (2007)","journal-title":"Knowl. Based Syst."},{"key":"1195_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2009.06.011","volume":"23","author":"G Liu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Liu, G.: Rough set theory based on two universal sets and its applications. Knowl. Based Syst. 23, 110\u2013115 (2010)","journal-title":"Knowl. Based Syst."},{"key":"1195_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1080\/03081079008935107","volume":"17","author":"D Dubois","year":"1990","unstructured":"Dubois, D., Prade, H.: Rough fuzzy sets and fuzzy rough sets. Int. J. Gen. Syst. 17, 191\u2013209 (1990)","journal-title":"Int. J. Gen. Syst."},{"issue":"6","key":"1195_CR13","first-page":"10693","volume":"45","author":"M Kamran","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kamran, M., Ashraf, S., Salamat, N., Naeem, M., Hameed, M.S.: Smart city design plan selection through single-valued neutrosophic probabilistic hesitant fuzzy rough aggregation information. J. Intell. Fuzzy Syst. 45(6), 10693\u201310737 (2023)","journal-title":"J. Intell. Fuzzy Syst."},{"key":"1195_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-023-09272-9","author":"M Kamran","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kamran, M., Ashraf, S., Hameed, M.S.: A promising approach with confidence level aggregation operators based on single-valued neutrosophic rough sets. Soft. Comput. (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00500-023-09272-9","journal-title":"Soft. Comput."},{"key":"1195_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0114(92)90114-J","volume":"45","author":"S Nanda","year":"1992","unstructured":"Nanda, S., Majumdar, S.: Fuzzy rough sets. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 45, 157\u2013160 (1992)","journal-title":"Fuzzy Sets Syst."},{"key":"1195_CR16","first-page":"345","volume":"42","author":"R Biswas","year":"1994","unstructured":"Biswas, R.: 9. On rough sets and fuzzy rough sets. Bull. Pol. Acad. Sci. Math. 42, 345\u2013350 (1994)","journal-title":"Bull. Pol. Acad. Sci. Math."},{"key":"1195_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-0255(96)00081-3","volume":"93","author":"M Banerjee","year":"1996","unstructured":"Banerjee, M., Pal, S.K.: Roughness of a fuzzy set. Inf. Sci. 93, 235\u2013246 (1996)","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"1195_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, W.-Z. (2010). Intuitionistic fuzzy rough sets determined by intuitionistic fuzzy implicators. In 2010 IEEE International Conference on Granular Computing, (pp. 536\u2013540).","DOI":"10.1109\/GrC.2010.71"},{"key":"1195_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-0394.00250","volume":"20","author":"C Cornelis","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cornelis, C., De Cock, M., Kerre, E.E.: Intuitionistic fuzzy rough sets: at the crossroads of imperfect knowledge. Expert. Syst. 20, 260\u2013270 (2003)","journal-title":"Expert. Syst."},{"key":"1195_CR20","first-page":"2448","volume":"178","author":"L Zhou","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zhou, L., Wu, W.-Z.: On generalized intuitionistic fuzzy rough approximation operators. Inf. Sci. 178, 2448\u20132465 (2008)","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"1195_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2012.04.018","volume":"216","author":"X Zhang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhang, X., Zhou, B., Li, P.: A general frame for intuitionistic fuzzy rough sets. Inf. Sci. 216, 34\u201349 (2012)","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"1195_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8674","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3236410","volume":"11","author":"T Mahmood","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mahmood, T., Ahmmad, J., Ali, Z., Yang, M.-S.: Confidence level aggregation operators based on intuitionistic fuzzy rough sets with application in medical diagnosis. IEEE Access 11, 8674\u20138688 (2023)","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"4","key":"1195_CR23","first-page":"213","volume":"12","author":"A Kauffman","year":"1973","unstructured":"Kauffman, A.: Introduction a la Theorie des Sous-emsembles Flous, Masson et Cie. Introduction a la Theorie des Sous-emsembles Flous, Masson et Cie. 12(4), 213\u2013227 (1973)","journal-title":"Introduction a la Theorie des Sous-emsembles Flous, Masson et Cie."},{"key":"1195_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosenfeld, A. (1975). Fuzzy graphs. In Fuzzy sets and their applications to cognitive and decision processes (pp. 77\u201395). Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-775260-0.50008-6"},{"issue":"5","key":"1195_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-8655(87)90012-2","volume":"6","author":"P Bhattacharya","year":"1987","unstructured":"Bhattacharya, P.: Some remarks on fuzzy graphs. Pattern Recognit. Lett. 6(5), 297\u2013302 (1987)","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit. Lett."},{"key":"1195_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-0255(94)90116-3","volume":"79","author":"JN Mordeson","year":"1994","unstructured":"Mordeson, J.N., Chang-Shyh, P.: Operations on fuzzy graphs. Inf. Sci. 79, 159\u2013170 (1994)","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"1195_CR27","first-page":"1451","volume":"33","author":"MS Sunitha","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sunitha, M.S., Vijayakumar, A.: Complement of a fuzzy graph. Indian J. Pure Appl. Math. 33, 1451\u20131464 (2002)","journal-title":"Indian J. Pure Appl. Math."},{"issue":"12","key":"1195_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asej.2024.103123","volume":"15","author":"M Nadeem","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nadeem, M., Kamran, M., Alhazmi, M., Alsaeedi, M., Hilali, S.O.: Topology of quasi divisor graphs associated with non-associative algebra. Ain Shams Eng. J. 15(12), 103123 (2024)","journal-title":"Ain Shams Eng. J."},{"issue":"4","key":"1195_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.5391\/IJFIS.2024.24.4.360","volume":"24","author":"M Rasheed","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rasheed, M., Hashmi, M.A., Kamran, M., Khan, A.H., Ragoub, L., Alam, M.M., Rana, U.: Enhancing complex relationships between interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy graphs and concept lattice exploration. Int. J. Fuzzy Logic Intell. Syst. 24(4), 360\u2013377 (2024)","journal-title":"Int. J. Fuzzy Logic Intell. Syst."},{"key":"1195_CR30","first-page":"486","volume":"1","author":"T He","year":"2006","unstructured":"He, T., Chen, Y., Shi, K.: Weighted rough graph and its application. Sixth Int. Confer. Intell. Syst. Des. Appl. 1, 486\u2013491 (2006)","journal-title":"Sixth Int. Confer. Intell. Syst. Des. Appl."},{"key":"1195_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1016\/S1004-4132(08)60147-4","volume":"19","author":"H Tong","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tong, H., Peijun, X., Kaiquan, S.: Application of rough graph in relationship mining. J. Syst. Eng. Electron. 19, 742\u2013747 (2008)","journal-title":"J. Syst. Eng. Electron."},{"key":"1195_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/s12190-018-1171-2","volume":"59","author":"M Akram","year":"2019","unstructured":"Akram, M., Zafar, F.: Rough fuzzy digraphs with application. J. Appl. Math. Comput. 59, 91\u2013127 (2019)","journal-title":"J. Appl. Math. Comput."},{"key":"1195_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1007\/s40815-017-0368-0","volume":"20","author":"F Zafar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zafar, F., Akram, M.: A novel decision-making method based on rough fuzzy information. Int. J. Fuzzy Syst. 20, 1000\u20131014 (2018)","journal-title":"Int. J. Fuzzy Syst."},{"key":"1195_CR34","first-page":"2325","volume":"34","author":"HM Malik","year":"2018","unstructured":"Malik, H.M., Akram, M.: A new approach based on intuitionistic fuzzy rough graphs for decision-making. J. Intell. Fuzzy Syst. 34, 2325\u20132342 (2018)","journal-title":"J. Intell. Fuzzy Syst."},{"key":"1195_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1007\/s13042-018-0827-4","volume":"10","author":"J Zhan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhan, J., Masood Malik, H., Akram, M.: Novel decision-making algorithms based on intuitionistic fuzzy rough environment. Int. J. Mach. Learn. Cybern. 10, 1459\u20131485 (2019)","journal-title":"Int. J. Mach. Learn. Cybern."},{"key":"1195_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2024.124087","volume":"251","author":"AK Tiwari","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tiwari, A.K., Nath, A., Pandey, R.K., Maratha, P.: A novel intuitionistic fuzzy rough instance selection and attribute reduction with kernelized intuitionistic fuzzy C-means clustering to handle imbalanced datasets. Expert Syst. Appl. 251, 124087 (2024)","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"issue":"3","key":"1195_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00368504241275417","volume":"107","author":"S Noorjahan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Noorjahan, S., Sharief Basha, S.: Developing an intuitionistic fuzzy rough new correlation coefficient approach for enhancing robotic vacuum cleaner. Sci. Prog. 107(3), 00368504241275417 (2024)","journal-title":"Sci. Prog."},{"issue":"6","key":"1195_CR38","first-page":"1774","volume":"53","author":"S Noorjahan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Noorjahan, S., Shaik, S.B.: Decision-making using the correlation coefficient measures of intuitionistic fuzzy rough graph. Hacettepe J. Math. Stat. 53(6), 1774\u20131797 (2024)","journal-title":"Hacettepe J. Math. Stat."},{"key":"1195_CR39","first-page":"1","volume":"103","author":"I Gutman","year":"1978","unstructured":"Gutman, I.: The energy of a graph. Ber. Math. Stat. Sekt. Forsch. Graz 103, 1\u201322 (1978)","journal-title":"Ber. Math. Stat. Sekt. Forsch. Graz"},{"issue":"1","key":"1195_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/cplx\/6469958","volume":"2025","author":"M Kamran","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kamran, M., Nadeem, M., Abdulla, M.E., Cangul, I.N., Nosirovich, N.M.: Computational analysis of Benzenoid systems using valency\u2010based entropy metrics and topological indices. Complexity 2025(1), 6469958 (2025)","journal-title":"Complexity"},{"issue":"1","key":"1195_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-94488-y","volume":"15","author":"N Shaik","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shaik, N., Shaik, S.B.: Wiener index application in intuitionistic fuzzy rough graphs for transport network flow. Sci. Rep. 15(1), 9591 (2025)","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"1195_CR42","first-page":"339","volume":"40","author":"S Naz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Naz, S., Ashraf, S., Karaaslan, F.: Energy of a bipolar fuzzy graph and its application in decision making. Ital. J. Pure Appl. Math. 40, 339\u2013352 (2018)","journal-title":"Ital. J. Pure Appl. Math."},{"key":"1195_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5849","DOI":"10.37418\/amsj.9.8.52","volume":"9","author":"O Ramesh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ramesh, O., Basha, S.S.: Group decision making of selecting partner based on signless laplacian energy of an intuitionistic fuzzy graph with topsis method: study on matlab programming. Adv. Math. Sci. J. 9, 5849\u20135859 (2020)","journal-title":"Adv. Math. Sci. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"1195_CR44","first-page":"81","volume":"35","author":"S Noorjahan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Noorjahan, S., Basha, S.S.: The Laplacian energy of an intuitionistic fuzzy rough graph and its utilisation in decision-making. Oper. Res. Decis. 35(1), 81\u2013107 (2025)","journal-title":"Oper. Res. Decis."},{"key":"1195_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2637","DOI":"10.32604\/csse.2023.029255","volume":"44","author":"NR Reddy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Reddy, N.R., Khan, M.Z., Basha, S.S., Alahmadi, A., Alahmadi, A.H., Chowdhary, C.L.: The Laplacian energy of hesitancy fuzzy graphs in decision-making problems. Comput. Syst. Sci. Eng. 44, 2637\u20132653 (2023)","journal-title":"Comput. Syst. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"1195_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2023.128070","volume":"279","author":"MRZ Banadkouki","year":"2023","unstructured":"Banadkouki, M.R.Z.: Selection of strategies to improve energy efficiency in industry: a hybrid approach using entropy weight method and fuzzy TOPSIS. Energy 279, 128070 (2023)","journal-title":"Energy"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s44196-026-01195-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s44196-026-01195-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s44196-026-01195-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T17:03:28Z","timestamp":1773335008000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s44196-026-01195-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1195"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s44196-026-01195-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1875-6883"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1875-6883","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 December 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 January 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 March 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have disclosed no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"120"}}