{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T02:02:44Z","timestamp":1781056964127,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777075200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":46,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Comput Intell Syst"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s44196-026-01347-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T14:04:03Z","timestamp":1777125843000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nonlinear Effects of Digital Monitoring Intensity on Knowledge Worker Creativity: Panel Evidence and a Prediction-Oriented Calibration Module"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Yi","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0824-3003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xing","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"1347_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/md-02-2024-0317","author":"A Nawaz","year":"2025","unstructured":"Nawaz, A., Jiang Wenqi, Akhtar, S.: Entrepreneurial leadership and organizational performance: employee creativity and behavior. Manag. Decis. (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/md-02-2024-0317","journal-title":"Manag. Decis."},{"key":"1347_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cao, X., Hangeldiyeva, N., Ali, A., Pitafi, A.H.: A Social Comparison Perspective to Investigating the Influence of Social Media on Employee Creativity. Int. J. Human\u2013Computer Interact. 1\u201314 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10447318.2024.2410533","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2024.2410533"},{"key":"1347_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Bai, C.: Eyes everywhere: the influence of digital surveillance on employee innovation performance in China. Asia Pac. Bus. Rev. 1\u201317 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13602381.2024.2371357","DOI":"10.1080\/13602381.2024.2371357"},{"issue":"1","key":"1347_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2023.114212","volume":"168","author":"OG Kayas","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kayas, O.G.: Workplace surveillance: A systematic review, integrative framework, and research agenda. J. Bus. Res. 168(1), 114212 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbusres.2023.114212","journal-title":"J. Bus. Res."},{"key":"1347_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2019.07.042","volume":"31","author":"JC White","year":"2020","unstructured":"White, J.C., Ravid, D.M., Behrend, T.S.: Moderating effects of person and job characteristics on digital monitoring outcomes. Curr. Opin. Psychol. 31, 55\u201360 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.copsyc.2019.07.042","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Psychol."},{"key":"1347_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104031","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvb.2024.104031","volume":"154","author":"MS Wolff","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wolff, M.S., White, J.C., Abraham, M., Schnabel, C., Wieser, L., Niessen, C.: The threat of electronic performance monitoring: Exploring the role of leader-member exchange on employee privacy invasion. J. Vocat. Behav. 154, 104031\u2013104031 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jvb.2024.104031","journal-title":"J. Vocat. Behav."},{"key":"1347_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Noponen, N., Feshchenko, P., Auvinen, T., Luoma-aho, V., Abrahamsson, P.: Taylorism on steroids or enabling autonomy? A systematic review of algorithmic management. Manage. Rev. Q. 74 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11301-023-00345-5","DOI":"10.1007\/s11301-023-00345-5"},{"key":"1347_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jia, N., Luo, X., Fang, Z., Liao, C.: When and How Artificial Intelligence Augments Employee Creativity. Acad. Manag. J. 67(1) (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5465\/amj.2022.0426","DOI":"10.5465\/amj.2022.0426"},{"key":"1347_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/apl0001296","author":"S Sun","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sun, S., Li, Z.A., Foo, M.-D., Zhou, J., Lu, J.G.: How and for whom using generative AI affects creativity: A field experiment. J. Appl. Psychol. (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/apl0001296","journal-title":"J. Appl. Psychol."},{"issue":"1","key":"1347_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1002\/job.737","volume":"33","author":"CE Connelly","year":"2012","unstructured":"Connelly, C.E., Zweig, D., Webster, J., Trougakos, J.P.: Knowledge hiding in organizations. J. Organizational Behav. 33(1), 64\u201388 (2012). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/job.737","journal-title":"J. Organizational Behav."},{"key":"1347_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/er-12-2023-0619","author":"P Dogra","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dogra, P., Parrey, A.H.: E-work self-efficacy and innovative behaviour: a moderated mediation analysis. Empl. Relations: Int. J. (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/er-12-2023-0619","journal-title":"Empl. Relations: Int. J."},{"key":"1347_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tomislav, H., Nikolina, D., Hauff, S.: The necessity of job design for employee creativity and innovation: nothing happens without supervisor support. Eur. J. Work Organizational Psychol. 1\u201316 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1359432x.2024.2348772","DOI":"10.1080\/1359432x.2024.2348772"},{"issue":"4","key":"1347_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1007\/s10869-023-09926-3","volume":"39","author":"I-J Park","year":"2024","unstructured":"Park, I.-J., Choi, J.N., Myeong, H., Hai, S.: Daily Idea Generation and Employee Creative Performance: Effect of Day-Level Congruence Between Felt Responsibility for Change and Willingness to Take Risks. J. Bus. Psychol. 39(4), 987\u20131004 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10869-023-09926-3","journal-title":"J. Bus. Psychol."},{"key":"1347_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nili, F., Tasavori, M.: Linking an autonomy-supportive climate and employee creativity: the influence of intrinsic motivation and company support for creativity. Eur. Bus. Rev. 34(5) (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/ebr-06-2021-0146","DOI":"10.1108\/ebr-06-2021-0146"},{"key":"1347_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tong, H., Yu, J., Shou, M.: Mitigating the effect of AI anxiety on employees\u2019 creativity: a social cognitive perspective. J. Digit. Manage. 1(1) (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s44362-025-00006-5","DOI":"10.1007\/s44362-025-00006-5"},{"issue":"1","key":"1347_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.riob.2016.10.001","volume":"36","author":"TM Amabile","year":"2016","unstructured":"Amabile, T.M., Pratt, M.G.: The dynamic componential model of creativity and innovation in organizations: Making progress, making meaning. Res. Organizational Behav. 36(1), 157\u2013183 (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.riob.2016.10.001","journal-title":"Res. Organizational Behav."},{"key":"1347_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10845-024-02419-x","author":"J Nesterak","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nesterak, J., Szel\u0105gowski, M., Radziszewski, P.: Workplace performance measurement: digitalization of work observation and analysis. J. Intell. Manuf. (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10845-024-02419-x","journal-title":"J. Intell. Manuf."},{"key":"1347_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Giering, O., Kirchner, S.: Artificial intelligence and autonomy at work: empirical insights from Germany. J. Labour Market Res. 59(1) (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12651-025-00401-5","DOI":"10.1186\/s12651-025-00401-5"},{"key":"1347_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lotfi Dehkharghani, L., Paul, J., Maharati, Y., Menzies, J.: Employee silence in an organizational context: A review and research agenda. Eur. Manag. J. 41(6) (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.emj.2022.12.004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emj.2022.12.004"},{"key":"1347_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"G\u00fcrb\u00fcz, S., Schaufeli, W.B., Freese, C., Brouwers, M.: Fueling creativity: HR practices, work engagement, personality, and autonomy. Int. J. Hum. Resource Manage. 1\u201330 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09585192.2024.2429125","DOI":"10.1080\/09585192.2024.2429125"},{"key":"1347_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/09721509251313909","author":"FH Kivrak","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kivrak, F.H., Arslan, M., Yorno, I.A., -.: The Impact of Job Autonomy on Employee Creativity: Examining Perceived Supervisor Support as a Mediator and Job Difficulty as a Moderator. Global Bus. Rev. (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/09721509251313909","journal-title":"Global Bus. Rev."},{"key":"1347_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jocb.679","author":"D Saleh Samimi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Saleh Samimi, D., Radevi\u0107, I., Matej, \u010c., Katerina, B., Amadeja, L.: The Three-Way Interaction of Autonomy, Openness to Experience, and Techno\u2010Invasion in Predicting Employee Creativity. J. Creative Behav. (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jocb.679","journal-title":"J. Creative Behav."},{"key":"1347_CR23","volume-title":"Self-efficacy: the exercise of control","author":"A Bandura","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bandura, A.: Self-efficacy: the exercise of control. W. H. Freeman, New York (1997)"},{"key":"1347_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joms.13072","author":"T Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen, T., Kim, T., Gong, Y., Liang, Y.: Competence Drives Interest or Vice Versa? Untangling the Bidirectional Relationships between Creative Self-Efficacy and Intrinsic Motivation for Creativity in Shaping Employee Creativity. J. Manage. Stud. (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/joms.13072","journal-title":"J. Manage. Stud."},{"issue":"1","key":"1347_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1108\/jkm-01-2023-0046","volume":"28","author":"G Liao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liao, G., Li, M., Li, Y., Yin, J.: How does knowledge hiding play a role in the relationship between leader\u2013member exchange differentiation and employee creativity? A cross-level model. J. Knowl. Manage. 28(1), 69\u201384 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/jkm-01-2023-0046","journal-title":"J. Knowl. Manage."},{"key":"1347_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nauman, S., Zheng, C., Basit, A.A.: Supervisor knowledge Hiding\u2019s impact on employee creativity: implications for thriving at work and future career. Knowl. Manage. Res. Pract. 1\u201312 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14778238.2024.2334455","DOI":"10.1080\/14778238.2024.2334455"},{"issue":"1","key":"1347_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1108\/jkm-06-2023-0495","volume":"29","author":"C Xi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xi, C., Qu, X.: The effects of knowledge hiding on new product creativity in informational faultlines. J. Knowl. Manage. 29(1), 72\u201391 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/jkm-06-2023-0495","journal-title":"J. Knowl. Manage."},{"key":"1347_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113770","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2023.113770","volume":"161","author":"F Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang, F., Dong, K., Yang, L., Mardani, A.: The effect of evasive knowledge hiding on dual innovation behavior under low knowledge potential difference: Hinder or promote? J. Bus. Res. 161, 113770 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbusres.2023.113770","journal-title":"J. Bus. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"1347_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1002\/smj.3215","volume":"42","author":"P Choudhury","year":"2020","unstructured":"Choudhury, P., Allen, R.T., Endres, M.G.: Machine learning for pattern discovery in management research. Strateg. Manag. J. 42(1), 30\u201357 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smj.3215","journal-title":"Strateg. Manag. J."},{"key":"1347_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/joom.1228","author":"Y Chou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chou, Y., Chuang, H.H., Chou, P., Oliva, R.: Supervised machine learning for theory building and testing: Opportunities in operations management. J. Oper. Manag. (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/joom.1228","journal-title":"J. Oper. Manag."},{"key":"1347_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smj.3604","author":"J Rathje","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rathje, J., Riitta Katila, Reineke, P.: Making the most of AI and machine learning in organizations and strategy research: Supervised machine learning, causal inference, and matching models. Strateg. Manag. J. (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smj.3604","journal-title":"Strateg. Manag. J."},{"key":"1347_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101077","DOI":"10.1016\/j.newideapsych.2024.101077","volume":"73","author":"S Eisbach","year":"2024","unstructured":"Eisbach, S., Mai, O., Hertel, G.: Combining theoretical modelling and machine learning approaches: The case of teamwork effects on individual effort expenditure. New Ideas Psychol. 73, 101077\u2013101077 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.newideapsych.2024.101077","journal-title":"New Ideas Psychol."},{"issue":"7","key":"1347_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2622","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2024.2408435","volume":"63","author":"J Qiu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Qiu, J., Lin, Y., Zwetsloot, I.M.: An LSTM-based predictive monitoring method for data with time-varying variability. Int. J. Prod. Res. 63(7), 2622\u20132637 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00207543.2024.2408435","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"1347_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.2022.02395","volume":"72","author":"E Bernstein","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bernstein, E., Li, S.X.: The Performance Effects of Giving Front-Line Employees Direct Access to Performance Data and Thereby Limiting the Supervisor\u2019s Feedback-Intermediation Role: Evidence from a Field Experiment. Manage. Sci. 72(2), 805\u2013835 (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1287\/mnsc.2022.02395","journal-title":"Manage. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"1347_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.5465\/amr.2009.0223","volume":"36","author":"WK Smith","year":"2011","unstructured":"Smith, W.K., Lewis, M.W.: Toward a Theory of Paradox: A Dynamic Equilibrium Model of Organizing. Acad. Manage. Rev. 36(2), 381\u2013403 (2011). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5465\/amr.2009.0223","journal-title":"Acad. Manage. Rev."},{"key":"1347_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Anand, A., Florian Offergelt, Anand, P.: Knowledge hiding \u2013 a systematic review and research agenda. (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/jkm-04-2021-0336","DOI":"10.1108\/jkm-04-2021-0336"},{"key":"1347_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114963","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2024.114963","volume":"186","author":"Y Shen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shen, Y., Lythreatis, S., Singh, S.K., Cooke, F.L.: A meta-analysis of knowledge hiding behavior in organizations: Antecedents, consequences, and boundary conditions. J. Bus. Res. 186, 114963 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbusres.2024.114963","journal-title":"J. Bus. Res."},{"key":"1347_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ravid, D.M., White, J.C., Tomczak, D.L., Miles, A.F., Behrend, T.S.: A meta-analysis of the effects of electronic performance monitoring on work outcomes. Pers. Psychol. 76(1) (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/peps.12514","DOI":"10.1111\/peps.12514"},{"issue":"1","key":"1347_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-orgpsych-110721-040030","volume":"11","author":"PM Podsakoff","year":"2024","unstructured":"Podsakoff, P.M., Podsakoff, N.P., Williams, L.J., Huang, C., Yang, J.: Common Method Bias: It\u2019s Bad, It\u2019s Complex, It\u2019s Widespread, and It\u2019s Not Easy to Fix. Annual Rev. Organizational Psychol. Organizational Behav. 11(1), 17\u201361 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-orgpsych-110721-040030","journal-title":"Annual Rev. Organizational Psychol. Organizational Behav."},{"issue":"1","key":"1347_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0084.2009.00569.x","volume":"72","author":"JT Lind","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lind, J.T., Mehlum, H.: With or Without U? The Appropriate Test for a U-Shaped Relationship*. Oxf. Bull. Econ. Stat. 72(1), 109\u2013118 (2010). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1468-0084.2009.00569.x","journal-title":"Oxf. Bull. Econ. Stat."},{"issue":"7","key":"1347_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1002\/smj.2399","volume":"37","author":"RFJ Haans","year":"2015","unstructured":"Haans, R.F.J., Pieters, C., He, Z.-L.: Thinking about U: Theorizing and testing U- and inverted U-shaped relationships in strategy research. Strateg. Manag. J. 37(7), 1177\u20131195 (2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smj.2399","journal-title":"Strateg. Manag. J."},{"issue":"3","key":"1347_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/s41449-024-00438-1","volume":"78","author":"VB Rick","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rick, V.B., Stebner, M., Dr\u00e4ger, L., Franken, A., Mertens, A., Nitsch, V.: Effects of AI-based technologies on employees\u2019 work engagement: Implications for the human-centered design of digital work. Z. F\u00fcr Arbeitswissenschaft. 78(3), 323\u2013334 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s41449-024-00438-1","journal-title":"Z. F\u00fcr Arbeitswissenschaft"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s44196-026-01347-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s44196-026-01347-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s44196-026-01347-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T01:52:05Z","timestamp":1781056325000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s44196-026-01347-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1347"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s44196-026-01347-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1875-6883"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1875-6883","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}},{"value":"The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and\/or publication of this research article.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}}],"article-number":"227"}}