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This raises particular issues within the legal domain, which requires a high level of accountability, thus transparency. This requires enhanced explainability, which entails that a heterogeneous body of stakeholders understand the mechanism underlying the algorithm to the extent that an explanation can be furnished. However, the \u201cblack-box\u201d nature of some AI variants, such as deep learning, remains unresolved, and many machine decisions therefore remain poorly understood. This survey paper, based upon a unique interdisciplinary collaboration between legal and AI experts, provides a review of the explainability spectrum, as informed by a systematic survey of relevant research papers, and categorises the results. The article establishes a novel taxonomy, linking the differing forms of legal inference at play within particular legal sub-domains to specific forms of algorithmic decision-making. The diverse categories demonstrate different dimensions in explainable AI (XAI) research. Thus, the survey departs from the preceding monolithic approach to legal reasoning and decision-making by incorporating heterogeneity in legal logics: a feature which requires elaboration, and should be accounted for when designing AI-driven decision-making systems for the legal field. It is thereby hoped that administrative decision-makers, court adjudicators, researchers, and practitioners can gain unique insights into explainability, and utilise the survey as the basis for further research within the field.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s44206-023-00081-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,19]],"date-time":"2023-12-19T07:02:10Z","timestamp":1702969330000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Explainable AI and Law: An Evidential Survey"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7916-2069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen McGregor","family":"Richmond","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satya M.","family":"Muddamsetty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Gammeltoft-Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrik Palmer","family":"Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas B.","family":"Moeslund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"81_CR1","volume-title":"A knowledge-intensive, integrated approach to problem-solving and sustained learning","author":"A Aamodt","year":"1991","unstructured":"Aamodt, A. 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