{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T05:41:45Z","timestamp":1772257305809,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]],"date-time":"2023-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700179200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]],"date-time":"2023-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700179200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Urban Info"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Many studies have investigated the improvement and evaluation of urban landscape development. However, only a few have discussed how to implement and align landscape values embedded in large-scale civic infrastructures, including bridges, railways, and public buildings. Taking the case of four typical large-scale civic structures, including three bridge sites and a dam project, this study explores how the landscape values embedded in these kinds of structures, whether in urban or suburban areas, are perceived by external visitors with different cultural backgrounds. Content analysis combining a quantitative approach with online user-generated reviews of on-site visits is applied and implemented. The interrelated effect of different spatial characteristics on the landscape values in those civic infrastructures is examined. The findings provide insights into efficient strategies to exploit various kinds of civic structures, especially as a promising tourism attraction for domestic and foreign markets, to achieve a more sustainable vision of public spaces in urban or broader contexts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s44212-023-00028-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]],"date-time":"2023-11-17T08:03:11Z","timestamp":1700208191000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Landscape values of large-scale civic infrastructure from visitors\u2019 spatial perception: a content analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Dongwen","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"JiaJia","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Nakai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"28_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Arrieta, A. B., D\u00edaz-Rodr\u00edguez, N., Del Ser, J., Bennetot, A., Tabik, S., Barbado, A., ... & Herrera, F. (2020).\u00a0Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI): concepts, taxonomies, opportunities and challenges toward responsible AI. Information Fusion 58 (June): 82\u2013115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.inffus.2019.12.012.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2019.12.012"},{"key":"28_CR2","unstructured":"Bernatek-Jakiel, A., and Jakiel, M.\u00a0(2013). Landscape perception and its implications in tourism. In, 95\u2013107."},{"issue":"September","key":"28_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolecon.2014.05.013","volume":"105","author":"C Bieling","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bieling, C., Plieninger, T., Pirker, H., & Vogl, C. R. (2014). Linkages between landscapes and human well-being: An empirical exploration with short interviews. Ecological Economics, 105(September), 19\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecolecon.2014.05.013","journal-title":"Ecological Economics"},{"issue":"3","key":"28_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2012.06.007","volume":"107","author":"G Brown","year":"2012","unstructured":"Brown, G., & Brabyn, L. (2012). An Analysis of the relationships between multiple values and physical landscapes at a regional scale using public participation GIS and landscape character classification. Landscape and Urban Planning, 107(3), 317\u2013331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2012.06.007","journal-title":"Landscape and Urban Planning"},{"issue":"2","key":"28_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1080\/01426397.2015.1135315","volume":"41","author":"A Butler","year":"2016","unstructured":"Butler, A. (2016). \u201cDynamics of integrating landscape values in landscape character assessment: the hidden dominance of the objective outsider. Landscape Research, 41(2), 239\u2013252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01426397.2015.1135315","journal-title":"Landscape Research"},{"key":"28_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Byoung-Eyang, and Kaplan, R. (1990). The perception of landscape style: a cross-cultural comparison. Landscape and Urban Planning 19 (3): 251\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0169-2046(90)90024-V","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-2046(90)90024-V"},{"issue":"February","key":"28_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2017.07.004","volume":"170","author":"Y Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen, Y., Parkins, J. R., & Sherren, K. (2018). Using geo-tagged instagram posts to reveal landscape values around current and proposed hydroelectric dams and their reservoirs. Landscape and Urban Planning, 170(February), 283\u2013292. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2017.07.004","journal-title":"Landscape and Urban Planning"},{"issue":"2","key":"28_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1108\/02656710010304537","volume":"17","author":"TY Choi","year":"2000","unstructured":"Choi, T. Y., & Chu, R. (2000). Levels of satisfaction among asian and western travellers. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 17(2), 116\u2013132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/02656710010304537","journal-title":"International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"28_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2006.03.002","volume":"28","author":"S Choi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Choi, S., Lehto, X. Y., & Morrison, A. M. (2007). Destination image representation on the web: content analysis of Macau travel related websites. Tourism Management, 28(1), 118\u2013129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tourman.2006.03.002","journal-title":"Tourism Management"},{"issue":"July","key":"28_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2018.02.006","volume":"175","author":"ML Donahue","year":"2018","unstructured":"Donahue, M. L., Keeler, B. L., Wood, S. A., Fisher, D. M., Hamstead, Z. A., & McPhearson, T. (2018). Using social media to understand drivers of urban park visitation in the twin cities. MN. Landscape and Urban Planning, 175(July), 1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2018.02.006","journal-title":"MN. Landscape and Urban Planning"},{"key":"28_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Egami, N., Fong, C. J., Grimmer, J., Roberts, M. E., & Stewart, B. M\u00a02022. How to make causal inferences using texts. Science Advances 8 (42): eabg2652. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.abg2652.","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abg2652"},{"issue":"March","key":"28_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoforum.2016.02.013","volume":"70","author":"CA Fox","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fox, C. A., Magilligan, F. J., & Sneddon, C. S. (2016). You kill the dam, you are killing a part of me\u2019: Dam removal and the environmental politics of river restoration. Geoforum, 70(March), 93\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.geoforum.2016.02.013","journal-title":"Geoforum"},{"issue":"2","key":"28_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annals.2010.10.007","volume":"38","author":"B Frant\u00e1l","year":"2011","unstructured":"Frant\u00e1l, B., & Kunc, J. (2011). Wind turbines in tourism landscapes: Czech experience. Annals of Tourism Research, 38(2), 499\u2013519. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.annals.2010.10.007","journal-title":"Annals of Tourism Research"},{"key":"28_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Funck, C., & Cooper, M. (2013). Japanese Tourism: Spaces, Places and Structures. Berghahn Books\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/9781782380764. Accessed 10 Sept 2023.","DOI":"10.1515\/9781782380764"},{"key":"28_CR15","volume-title":"Beyond culture","author":"ET Hall","year":"1977","unstructured":"Hall, E. T. (1977). Beyond culture. Anchor Books."},{"issue":"November","key":"28_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2015.09.001","volume":"54","author":"Y Hu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hu, Y., Gao, S., Janowicz, K., Yu, B., Li, W., & Prasad, S. (2015). Extracting and understanding urban areas of interest using geotagged photos. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 54(November), 240\u2013254. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2015.09.001","journal-title":"Computers, Environment and Urban Systems"},{"key":"28_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hughes, J. (2021). The R Journal: krippendorffsalpha: an R package for measuring agreement using Krippendorff\u2019s alpha coefficient. The R Journal 13 (1): 413\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32614\/RJ-2021-046.","DOI":"10.32614\/RJ-2021-046"},{"issue":"3","key":"28_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-4944(89)80033-7","volume":"9","author":"RB Hull","year":"1989","unstructured":"Hull, R. B., & Reveli, G. R. B. (1989). Cross-cultural comparison of landscape scenic beauty evaluations: a case study in Bali\u201d. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 9(3), 177\u2013191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0272-4944(89)80033-7","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Psychology"},{"issue":"September","key":"28_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.7480\/rius.2.206","volume":"2","author":"M Jacobs","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jacobs, M. (2011). Psychology of the visual landscape. Research in Urbanism Series, 2(September), 41\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7480\/rius.2.206","journal-title":"Research in Urbanism Series"},{"issue":"January","key":"28_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2015.08.007","volume":"60","author":"HC Jiang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jiang, H. C., Qiang, M. S., & Lin, P. (2016). finding academic concerns of the Three Gorges project based on a topic modeling approach. Ecological Indicators, 60(January), 693\u2013701. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecolind.2015.08.007","journal-title":"Ecological Indicators"},{"key":"28_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jim\u00e9nez-Garc\u00eda, M., Ruiz-Chico, J., Pe\u00f1a-S\u00e1nchez, A. R., and L\u00f3pez-S\u00e1nchez, J. A. (2020). A bibliometric analysis of sports tourism and sustainability (2002\u20132019). Sustainability 12 (7, 7): 2840. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su12072840.","DOI":"10.3390\/su12072840"},{"issue":"1","key":"28_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.2305\/IUCN.CH.2016.PARKS-22-1TJ.en","volume":"22","author":"T Jones","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jones, T., & Ohsawa, T. (2016). Monitoring nature-based tourism trends in japan\u2019s national parks: Mixed messages from domestic and inbound visitors. PARKS, 22(1), 25\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2305\/IUCN.CH.2016.PARKS-22-1TJ.en","journal-title":"PARKS"},{"issue":"2","key":"28_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1080\/19312458.2011.568376","volume":"5","author":"K Krippendorff","year":"2011","unstructured":"Krippendorff, K. (2011). Agreement and information in the reliability of coding. Communication Methods and Measures, 5(2), 93\u2013112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19312458.2011.568376","journal-title":"Communication Methods and Measures"},{"key":"28_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lee, K. C., & Son, Y. H.\u00a0(2017). Exploring landscape perceptions of Bukhansan National Park according to the degree of visitors\u2019 experience. Sustainability 9 (8, 8): 1306. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su9081306.","DOI":"10.3390\/su9081306"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"28_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1300\/J073v17n02_13","volume":"17","author":"CC Lee","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lee, C. C., & Hu, C. (2004). Analyzing Hotel Customers\u2019 E-complaints from an internet complaint forum. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 17(2\u20133), 167\u2013181. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1300\/J073v17n02_13","journal-title":"Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing"},{"key":"28_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liang, X. S. (2010). The research for the interaction behavior of east-west intercultural tourism under the view of sociology. Economic Geography 30 (7): 1221\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15957\/j.cnki.jjdl.2010.07.028.","DOI":"10.15957\/j.cnki.jjdl.2010.07.028"},{"issue":"April","key":"28_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2018.10.004","volume":"71","author":"Y Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu, Y., Huang, K., Bao, J., & Chen, K. (2019). Listen to the voices from home: an analysis of Chinese tourists\u2019 sentiments regarding Australian destinations. Tourism Management, 71(April), 337\u2013347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tourman.2018.10.004","journal-title":"Tourism Management"},{"issue":"3","key":"28_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2011.08.003","volume":"33","author":"W Lu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lu, W., & Stepchenkova, S. (2012). Ecotourism experiences reported online: classification of satisfaction attributes. Tourism Management, 33(3), 702\u2013712. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tourman.2011.08.003","journal-title":"Tourism Management"},{"issue":"2","key":"28_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1080\/19368623.2014.907758","volume":"24","author":"W Lu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lu, W., & Stepchenkova, S. (2015). User-generated content as a research mode in tourism and hospitality applications: topics, methods, and software. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 24(2), 119\u2013154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19368623.2014.907758","journal-title":"Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management"},{"issue":"6","key":"28_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1080\/19368623.2012.708959","volume":"22","author":"Z Luo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Luo, Z., Wang, Y., & Marnburg, E. (2013). Testing the structure and effects of full range leadership theory in the context of China\u2019s hotel industry. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 22(6), 656\u2013677. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19368623.2012.708959","journal-title":"Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management"},{"key":"28_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Maeda, T. N., Yoshida, M., Toriumi, F., & Ohashi, H. (2018). Extraction of tourist destinations and comparative analysis of preferences between foreign tourists and domestic tourists on the basis of geotagged social media data. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 7 (3): 99. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijgi7030099.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi7030099"},{"issue":"June","key":"28_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2016.12.012","volume":"60","author":"AH Mak","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mak, A. H. (2017). Online destination image: Comparing national tourism organisation\u2019s and tourists\u2019 perspectives. Tourism Management, 60(June), 280\u2013297. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tourman.2016.12.012","journal-title":"Tourism Management"},{"key":"28_CR33","unstructured":"Marianne, Z., Henrik, L., Kristin, M., and Janne, H. (2017). Assessing landscape experiences as a cultural ecosystem service in public infrastructure projects: from concept to practice. Nordic Council of Ministers\u00a0https:\/\/norden.diva-portal.org\/smash\/get\/diva2:1081016\/FULLTEXT01. Accessed 10 Sept 2023."},{"issue":"September","key":"28_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2021.107238","volume":"228","author":"A Mee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mee, A., Homapour, E., Chiclana, F., & Engel, O. (2021). Sentiment analysis using TF\u2013IDF weighting of UK MPs\u2019 tweets on Brexit. Knowledge-Based Systems, 228(September), 107238. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.knosys.2021.107238","journal-title":"Knowledge-Based Systems"},{"key":"28_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Menner, T., H\u00f6pken, W., Fuchs, M., and Lexhagen, M. (2016). Topic detection: identifying relevant topics in tourism reviews. In Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2016, edited by Alessandro Inversini and Roland Schegg, 411\u201323. Cham: Springer International Publishing. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-28231-2_30.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-28231-2_30"},{"key":"28_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mikulec, J., & Antou\u0161kov\u00e1, M. (2011). Landscape and tourism potential in the protected landscape areas. Agricultural Economics 57 (2011) (June): 272\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17221\/16\/2011-AGRICECON.","DOI":"10.17221\/16\/2011-AGRICECON"},{"key":"28_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Murakami, K. H. (2018). A comparison of destination images from three different perspectives. Journal of Global Tourism Research 3 (2): 107\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.37020\/jgtr.3.2_107.","DOI":"10.37020\/jgtr.3.2_107"},{"key":"28_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Oteros-Rozas, E., Mart\u00edn-L\u00f3pez, B., Fagerholm, N., Bieling, C., and Plieninger, T. (2018). Using social media photos to explore the relation between cultural ecosystem services and landscape features across five European Sites.\u00a0Ecological Indicators, Landscape Indicators \u2013 Monitoring of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services at Landscape Level, 94 (November): 74\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecolind.2017.02.009.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2017.02.009"},{"issue":"3","key":"28_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cviu.2010.10.010","volume":"115","author":"Y Pang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pang, Y., Hao, Q., Yuan, Y., Hu, T., Cai, R., & Zhang, L. (2011). Summarizing tourist destinations by mining user-generated travelogues and photos. Computer Vision and Image Understanding, Special Issue on Feature-Oriented Image and Video Computing for Extracting Contexts and Semantics, 115(3), 352\u2013363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cviu.2010.10.010","journal-title":"Computer Vision and Image Understanding, Special Issue on Feature-Oriented Image and Video Computing for Extracting Contexts and Semantics"},{"issue":"2","key":"28_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2009.12.005","volume":"32","author":"A Papathanassis","year":"2011","unstructured":"Papathanassis, A., & Knolle, F. (2011). Exploring the adoption and processing of online holiday reviews: a grounded theory approach. Tourism Management, 32(2), 215\u2013224. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tourman.2009.12.005","journal-title":"Tourism Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"28_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdmm.2014.11.001","volume":"4","author":"PL Pearce","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pearce, P. L., Wu, M. Y., & Chen, T. (2015). The spectacular and the Mundane: Chinese tourists\u2019 online representations of an iconic landscape journey. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 4(1), 24\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jdmm.2014.11.001","journal-title":"Journal of Destination Marketing & Management"},{"issue":"3","key":"28_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1080\/02619768.2014.892479","volume":"37","author":"E Poldner","year":"2014","unstructured":"Poldner, E., Van der Schaaf, M., Simons, P. R., Van Tartwijk, J., & Wijngaards, G. (2014). Assessing student teachers\u2019 reflective writing through quantitative content analysis. European Journal of Teacher Education, 37(3), 348\u2013373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02619768.2014.892479","journal-title":"European Journal of Teacher Education"},{"issue":"6","key":"28_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2019.102060","volume":"56","author":"J Rashid","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rashid, J., Shah, S. M., & Irtaza, A. (2019). Fuzzy topic modeling approach for text mining over short text. Information Processing & Management, 56(6), 102060. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ipm.2019.102060","journal-title":"Information Processing & Management"},{"key":"28_CR44","unstructured":"Reid, W. V., Mooney, H. A., Cropper, A., Capistrano, D., Carpenter, S. R., Chopra, K., Dasgupta, P., et al. (2005). Ecosystems and human well-being - synthesis: a report of the millennium ecosystem assessment. Washington D.C.: Island Press. https:\/\/library.wur.nl\/WebQuery\/wurpubs\/340442."},{"issue":"June","key":"28_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2015.01.034","volume":"53","author":"DR Richards","year":"2015","unstructured":"Richards, D. R., & Friess, D. A. (2015). A rapid indicator of cultural ecosystem service usage at a fine spatial scale: Content analysis of social media photographs. Ecological Indicators, 53(June), 187\u2013195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecolind.2015.01.034","journal-title":"Ecological Indicators"},{"issue":"4","key":"28_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1111\/ajps.12103","volume":"58","author":"ME Roberts","year":"2014","unstructured":"Roberts, M. E., Stewart, B. M., Tingley, D., Lucas, C., Leder-Luis, J., Gadarian, S. K., Albertson, B., & Rand, D. G. (2014). Structural topic models for open-ended survey responses. American Journal of Political Science, 58(4), 1064\u20131082. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ajps.12103","journal-title":"American Journal of Political Science"},{"key":"28_CR47","unstructured":"Roberts, ME, Stewart BM, Tingley D and Airoldi EM. (2013). The structural topic model and applied social science. Neural Information Processing Society."},{"key":"28_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Roberts ME, Stewart BM and Tingley D. (2019). Stm: an R package for structural topic models. Journal of Statistical Software 91 (October): 1\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18637\/jss.v091.i02.","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v091.i02"},{"key":"28_CR49","unstructured":"Shaw, B., & Bieling, C. (2015). Eliciting valued forms, practices and relationships: informing policy and management by combining the cultural values model with empirical cultural domain analysis."},{"issue":"1","key":"28_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1080\/02508281.2016.1253206","volume":"42","author":"M Smith","year":"2017","unstructured":"Smith, M., & Ram, Y. (2017). Tourism, landscapes and cultural ecosystem services: a new research tool. Tourism Recreation Research, 42(1), 113\u2013119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02508281.2016.1253206","journal-title":"Tourism Recreation Research"},{"issue":"June","key":"28_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2012.08.006","volume":"36","author":"S Stepchenkova","year":"2013","unstructured":"Stepchenkova, S., & Zhan, F. (2013). Visual destination images of Peru: comparative content analysis of DMO and user-generated photography. Tourism Management, 36(June), 590\u2013601. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tourman.2012.08.006","journal-title":"Tourism Management"},{"issue":"2","key":"28_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2007.07.003","volume":"84","author":"J Stephenson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Stephenson, J. (2008). The cultural values model: an integrated approach to values in landscapes. Landscape and Urban Planning, 84(2), 127\u2013139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2007.07.003","journal-title":"Landscape and Urban Planning"},{"issue":"3","key":"28_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1080\/01426391003743934","volume":"35","author":"J Stephenson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Stephenson, J. (2010). The dimensional landscape model: exploring differences in expressing and locating landscape qualities. Landscape Research, 35(3), 299\u2013318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01426391003743934","journal-title":"Landscape Research"},{"key":"28_CR54","unstructured":"Stockigt L, Hoogendoorn G, Fitchett JM and Saarinen J. (2018). Climatic sensitivity and snow-based tourism in Africa: an investigation of TripAdvisor reviews on Afriski, Lesotho. In jultika.oulu.fi. University of the Free State. https:\/\/oulurepo.oulu.fi\/handle\/10024\/27777."},{"issue":"4","key":"28_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1080\/14616688.2015.1053973","volume":"17","author":"A Stoffelen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Stoffelen, A., & Vanneste, D. (2015). An integrative geotourism approach: bridging conflicts in tourism landscape research. Tourism Geographies, 17(4), 544\u2013560. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14616688.2015.1053973","journal-title":"Tourism Geographies"},{"issue":"4","key":"28_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1504\/IJSSS.2015.073233","volume":"7","author":"M Thompson-Fawcett","year":"2015","unstructured":"Thompson-Fawcett, M., & Picard, S. (2015). Future values: addressing the moving target of sustainable cultural landscapes. International Journal of Society Systems Science, 7(4), 352\u2013367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1504\/IJSSS.2015.073233","journal-title":"International Journal of Society Systems Science"},{"issue":"September","key":"28_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2018.05.002","volume":"177","author":"KF Tieskens","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tieskens, K. F., Van Zanten, B. T., Schulp, C. J. E., & Verburg, P. H. (2018). Aesthetic appreciation of the cultural landscape through social media: an analysis of revealed preference in the Dutch river landscape. Landscape and Urban Planning, 177(September), 128\u2013137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2018.05.002","journal-title":"Landscape and Urban Planning"},{"key":"28_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Velasco M, San Lucas C, Ortiz K, V\u00e9lez J and Vaca, C. (2017). Secrets of Quito: discovering a city through TripAdvisor. In 2017 Fourth International Conference on eDemocracy & eGovernment (ICEDEG), 251\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICEDEG.2017.7962544.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICEDEG.2017.7962544"},{"issue":"4","key":"28_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landusepol.2008.10.016","volume":"26","author":"\u00c9 Vouligny","year":"2009","unstructured":"Vouligny, \u00c9., Domon, G., & Ruiz, J. (2009). An assessment of ordinary landscapes by an expert and by its residents: landscape values in areas of intensive agricultural use. Land Use Policy, 26(4), 890\u2013900. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.landusepol.2008.10.016","journal-title":"Land Use Policy"},{"issue":"4","key":"28_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-4762.2008.00825.x","volume":"40","author":"G Warnaby","year":"2008","unstructured":"Warnaby, G., & Medway, D. (2008). Bridges, place representation and place creation. Area, 40(4), 510\u2013519. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1475-4762.2008.00825.x","journal-title":"Area"},{"issue":"8","key":"28_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1080\/13658816.2018.1445257","volume":"32","author":"FM Wartmann","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wartmann, F. M., Acheson, E., & Purves, R. S. (2018). Describing and comparing landscapes using tags, texts, and free lists: An interdisciplinary approach. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 32(8), 1572\u20131592. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13658816.2018.1445257","journal-title":"International Journal of Geographical Information Science"},{"key":"28_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"W\u0142odarczyk, B. (2009). The landscapes of tourism space.\u201d Turyzm 19(1(2)), 83\u201390. https:\/\/www.ceeol.com\/search\/article-detail?id=664893. Accessed 10 Sept 2023.","DOI":"10.2478\/V10106-009-0011-z"},{"issue":"May","key":"28_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2020.113280","volume":"132","author":"Y Wu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wu, Y., Ngai, E. W., Wu, P., & Wu, C. (2020). Fake online reviews: Literature review, synthesis, and directions for future research. Decision Support Systems, 132(May), 113280. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dss.2020.113280","journal-title":"Decision Support Systems"},{"key":"28_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wu PY, Nagler J, Tucker JA and Messing S. (2023). Large language models can be used to scale the ideologies of politicians in a zero-shot learning setting. April 17, 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2303.12057.","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2303.12057"},{"issue":"February","key":"28_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2016.10.001","volume":"58","author":"Z Xiang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xiang, Z., Du, Q., Ma, Y., & Fan, W. (2017). A comparative analysis of major online review platforms: implications for social media analytics in hospitality and tourism. Tourism Management, 58(February), 51\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tourman.2016.10.001","journal-title":"Tourism Management"},{"issue":"4","key":"28_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1080\/10548408.2019.1570420","volume":"36","author":"F Xu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xu, F., La, L., Zhen, F., Lobsang, T., & Huang, C. (2019). A data-driven approach to guest experiences and satisfaction in sharing. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 36(4), 484\u2013496. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10548408.2019.1570420","journal-title":"Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing"},{"issue":"2","key":"28_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-2046(94)00188-9","volume":"32","author":"K Yu","year":"1995","unstructured":"Yu, K. (1995). Cultural variations in landscape preference: Comparisons among Chinese sub-groups and western design experts. Landscape and Urban Planning, 32(2), 107\u2013126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0169-2046(94)00188-9","journal-title":"Landscape and Urban Planning"},{"issue":"1","key":"28_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1080\/14616688.2014.959991","volume":"17","author":"C Zhang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhang, C., Gursoy, D., Deng, Z., & Gao, J. (2015). Impact of culture on perceptions of landscape names. Tourism Geographies, 17(1), 134\u2013150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14616688.2014.959991","journal-title":"Tourism Geographies"},{"issue":"1","key":"28_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3924(82)90009-0","volume":"9","author":"EH Zube","year":"1982","unstructured":"Zube, E. H., Sell, J. L., & Taylor, J. G. (1982). Landscape perception: Research, application and theory. Landscape Planning, 9(1), 1\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0304-3924(82)90009-0","journal-title":"Landscape Planning"}],"container-title":["Urban Informatics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s44212-023-00028-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s44212-023-00028-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s44212-023-00028-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]],"date-time":"2023-11-17T08:03:23Z","timestamp":1700208203000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s44212-023-00028-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["28"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s44212-023-00028-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["2731-6963"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2731-6963","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 July 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 October 2023","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 October 2023","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 November 2023","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable. (The article does not address research related to ethics approval).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All authors approved the final manuscript and the submission to this journal.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"6"}}