{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T16:53:12Z","timestamp":1783183992479,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765584000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Netw Distrib Comput"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s44227-025-00083-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T02:55:32Z","timestamp":1765594532000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["B-OLSR: An Advanced Blockchain Based Routing Protocol for Enhanced Security Over MANET"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8954-2433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sayan","family":"Majumder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debika","family":"Bhattacharyya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subhalaxmi","family":"Chakraborty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"83_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/s44227-024-00020-5","volume":"12","author":"SS Agrawal","year":"2024","unstructured":"Agrawal SS, Rathi R (2024) Topology control using optimized clustering scheme in mobile ad hoc network. Int J Netw Distrib Comput 12:119\u2013130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s44227-024-00020-5","journal-title":"Int J Netw Distrib Comput"},{"key":"83_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3200","DOI":"10.1007\/s12083-024-01746-3","volume":"17","author":"M Baumgartner","year":"2024","unstructured":"Baumgartner M, Papaj J, Kurkina N et al (2024) Resilient enhancements of routing protocols in MANET. Peer-To-Peer Netw Appl 17:3200\u20133221. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12083-024-01746-3","journal-title":"Peer-To-Peer Netw Appl"},{"issue":"4","key":"83_CR3","first-page":"281","volume":"11","author":"S Majumder","year":"2023","unstructured":"Majumder S, Bhattacharyya D, Chakraborty S (2023) Mitigation of Sybil attack in mobile ad hoc network using CRYPTO-DSR: a novel routing protocol. Int J Intell Syst Appl Eng 11(4):281\u2013288. Retrieved from: https:\/\/www.ijisae.org\/index.php\/IJISAE\/article\/view\/3523","journal-title":"Int J Intell Syst Appl Eng"},{"issue":"1","key":"83_CR4","first-page":"619","volume":"12","author":"S Majumder","year":"2023","unstructured":"Majumder S, Bhattacharyya D, Chakraborty S (2023) Mitigation of wormhole attack in MANET using cryptic-AODV: a modified routing protocol. Int J Intell Syst Appl Eng 12(1):619\u2013627. Retrieved from: https:\/\/ijisae.org\/index.php\/IJISAE\/article\/view\/4095","journal-title":"Int J Intell Syst Appl Eng"},{"key":"83_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/s44227-024-00029-w","volume":"12","author":"SH Gopalan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gopalan SH, Manikandan A, Dharani NP et al (2024) Enhancing IoT security: a blockchain-based mitigation framework for deauthentication attacks. Int J Netw Distrib Comput 12:237\u2013249. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s44227-024-00029-w","journal-title":"Int J Netw Distrib Comput"},{"key":"83_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rahman F, Titouna C, Na\u00eft-Abdesselam F (2025) Use of asymmetric byzantine quorums to overcome trust issues in blockchain oracles. Int J Netw Distrib Comput 13(19). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s44227-024-00054-9","DOI":"10.1007\/s44227-024-00054-9"},{"key":"83_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vatambeti R, Mantena SV, Kiran KVD, Chennupalli S, Gopalachari MV (2024) Black hole attack detection using Dolphin Echo-location-based machine learning model in MANET environment. Comput Elec Eng 114:109094. ISSN 0045-7906. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2024.109094","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2024.109094"},{"key":"83_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Candra A, Budiman MA, Hartanto K (2020) Dijkstra\u2019s and A-Star in finding the shortest path: a tutorial. In: 2020 International Conference on Data Science, Artificial Intelligence, and Business Analytics (DATABIA), Medan, Indonesia, pp 28\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/DATABIA50434.2020.9190342","DOI":"10.1109\/DATABIA50434.2020.9190342"},{"key":"83_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Felemban E (2021) Evaluation of routing protocols and mobility in flying ad-hoc network. Int J Adv Comput Sci Appl (IJACSA) 12(7). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14569\/IJACSA.2021.0120773","DOI":"10.14569\/IJACSA.2021.0120773"},{"key":"83_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shahzad M, Rizvi S, Khan TA et al (2025) An exhaustive parametric analysis for securing SDN through traditional, AI\/ML, and blockchain approaches: a systematic review. Int J Netw Distrib Comput 13(12). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s44227-024-00055-8","DOI":"10.1007\/s44227-024-00055-8"},{"key":"83_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1007\/s10776-023-00597-8","volume":"30","author":"S Divya","year":"2023","unstructured":"Divya S, Prema KV, Muniyal B (2023) Efficient key generation techniques for wireless body area network. Int J Wireless Inf Networks 30:270\u2013281. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10776-023-00597-8","journal-title":"Int J Wireless Inf Networks"},{"issue":"18","key":"83_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6048","DOI":"10.3390\/s21186048","volume":"21","author":"N Azizi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Azizi N, Malekzadeh H, Akhavan P, Haass O, Saremi S, Mirjalili S (2021) IoT-Blockchain: harnessing the power of internet of thing and Blockchain for smart supply chain. Sensors 21(18):6048. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s21186048","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"83_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Khan AF, Nanda P (2022) Hybrid blockchain-based authentication handover and flow rule validation for secure software defined 5G HetNets. In: 2022 International wireless communications and mobile computing (IWCMC). Dubrovnik, Croatia, pp 223\u2013230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/IWCMC55113.2022.9824274","DOI":"10.1109\/IWCMC55113.2022.9824274"},{"key":"83_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Thorve A, Shirole M, Jain P, Santhumayor C, Sarode S (2022) Decentralized identity management using Blockchain. In: 2022 4th International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communication Control and Networking (ICAC3N), Greater Noida, India, pp 1985\u20131991. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICAC3N56670.2022.10074477","DOI":"10.1109\/ICAC3N56670.2022.10074477"},{"key":"83_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Careem MAA, Dutta A (2020) Reputation based routing in MANET using Blockchain. In: 2020 International Conference on COMmunication Systems & NETworkS (COMSNETS), Bengaluru, India, pp 1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/COMSNETS48256.2020.9027450","DOI":"10.1109\/COMSNETS48256.2020.9027450"},{"issue":"9","key":"83_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4265","DOI":"10.3390\/s23094265","volume":"23","author":"SE Ali","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ali SE, Tariq N, Khan FA, Ashraf M, Abdul W, Saleem K (2023) BFT-IoMT: a blockchain-based trust mechanism to mitigate sybil attack using fuzzy logic in the internet of medical things. Sensors 23(9):4265. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s23094265","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"83_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Peng S, Cai Z, Liu W, Wang W, Li G, Sun Y, Zhu L (2022) Blockchain data secure transmission method based on homomorphic encryption. Comput Intel Neurosci 2022:Article 3406228.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/3406228","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/3406228"},{"issue":"3","key":"83_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4261","DOI":"10.3233\/JIFS-231340","volume":"45","author":"VR Sugumaran","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sugumaran VR, Rajaram A (2023) Retracted: lightweight blockchain-assisted intrusion detection system in energy efficient MANETs. J Intell Fuzzy Syst 45(3):4261\u20134276. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JIFS-231340","journal-title":"J Intell Fuzzy Syst"},{"issue":"2","key":"83_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4018\/JGIM.315283","volume":"31","author":"A Singla","year":"2022","unstructured":"Singla A, Gupta N, Aeron P, Jain A, Sharma D, Bharadwaj SS (2022) Decentralized identity management using blockchain: cube framework for secure usage of is resources. J Global Inf Manag 31(2):1\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4018\/JGIM.315283","journal-title":"J Global Inf Manag"},{"issue":"3","key":"83_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1109\/TSC.2018.2823705","volume":"12","author":"J Zou","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zou J, Ye B, Qu L, Wang Y, Orgun MA, Li L (2019 May-June 1) A proof-of-trust consensus protocol for enhancing accountability in crowdsourcing services. IEEE Trans Serv Comput 12(3):429\u2013445. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TSC.2018.2823705","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Serv Comput"},{"key":"83_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-79725-6_14","volume-title":"Complex, intelligent and software intensive systems","author":"A Jamal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jamal A, Amjad S, Aziz U, Gurmani MU, Awan S, Javaid N (2021) A privacy preserving hybrid blockchain-based announcement scheme for vehicular energy network. In: Barolli L, Amato F, Terzo O (eds) Complex, intelligent and software intensive systems. Springer, pp 142\u2013151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-79725-6_14"},{"issue":"2","key":"83_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1109\/IOTM.001.2300191","volume":"7","author":"MS Sani","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sani MS, Iranmanesh S, Salarian H, Raad R, Jamalipour A (2024 March) Bids: blockchain-enabled intrusion detection system in smart cities. IEEE Internet Things Mag 7(2):107\u2013113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/IOTM.001.2300191","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things Mag"},{"issue":"3","key":"83_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.3390\/s20030698","volume":"20","author":"MT Lwin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lwin MT, Yim J, Ko Y-B (2020) Blockchain-based lightweight trust management in mobile ad-hoc networks. Sensors 20(3):698. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s20030698","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"83_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hai M, Li H (2023) A routing algorithm of blockchain network based on reinforcement learning. In: Proceedings of the 2023 11th International Conference on Computer and Communications Management (ICCCM\u201923), Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, pp 182\u2013187. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3617733.3617762","DOI":"10.1145\/3617733.3617762"},{"issue":"15","key":"83_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e5025","DOI":"10.1002\/cpe.5025","volume":"32","author":"M Sekar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sekar M, Latha L (2020) Lightweight reliable and secure multicasting routing protocol based on cross-layer for MANET. Concurrency Computation Pract Exper 32(15):e5025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cpe.5025","journal-title":"Concurrency Computation Pract Exper"},{"key":"83_CR26","unstructured":"Chen Y, Meng L, Zhang J (2019) Graph neural lasso for dynamic network regression. arXiv preprint arXiv: 1907.11114. https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1907.11114fetcher.alphaxiv.org+3"},{"key":"83_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dhinakaran D, Udhaya Sankar SM, Edwin Raja S, Jeno Jasmine J (2023) Optimizing mobile ad hoc network routing using biomimicry buzz and a hybrid forest boost regression - ANNs. Int J Adv Comput Sci Appl (IJACSA) 14(12). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14569\/IJACSA.2023.014120","DOI":"10.14569\/IJACSA.2023.014120"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Networked and Distributed Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s44227-025-00083-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s44227-025-00083-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s44227-025-00083-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T13:49:29Z","timestamp":1765892969000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s44227-025-00083-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["83"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s44227-025-00083-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["2211-7938","2211-7946"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2211-7938","type":"print"},{"value":"2211-7946","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 May 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 November 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 November 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 December 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding publication of this manuscript.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"3"}}