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In this critical review, I explore animal agency\u2014the ability of animals to make choices and shape their environment\u2014and assess whether human\u2013animal\u2013computer interactions (HACI) in human-centric intelligent systems strengthen or weaken that agency. Using animal cognition research, welfare science, and case studies of automated milking, wearable sensors, and AI-driven monitoring, I identify promising strategies for personalized care and natural behavior promotion. Simultaneously, I outline significant risks including over-surveillance, algorithmic control, and diminished empathetic stockmanship associated with increased automation. I argue that meaningful ethical design must take an animal-centered approach, ensuring technologies expand rather than confine behavioral repertoires. Interdisciplinary methods\u2014integrating engineering, ethology, and ethics\u2014are essential for fostering real empowerment. Equally critical is engaging stakeholders who represent diverse agricultural perspectives, including small-scale, organic, and regenerative operations, to guard against exclusionary \u201cone-size-fits-all\u201d solutions. I also underscore the need to address data privacy concerns, farmer skill transitions, and potential biases embedded within AI. Ultimately, I call for transparent dialogues, thorough impact assessments, and adaptive design principles that put animal agency at the core of digital livestock transformation. By balancing higher productivity with deeper respect for animal autonomy, I propose that human-centric intelligent systems can reconcile moral responsibilities toward humane treatment with the practical realities of global food demand. Through this balanced approach, future innovations in livestock management can uphold both ethical imperatives and operational viability, shaping a new paradigm in which animals are recognized as active participants rather than passive inputs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s44230-025-00108-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,27]],"date-time":"2025-07-27T15:18:52Z","timestamp":1753629532000},"page":"291-307","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Agency in Livestock Farming\u2014A Perspective on Human\u2013Animal\u2013Computer Interactions"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0990-0235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suresh","family":"Neethirajan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"108_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture13020436","volume":"13","author":"S Neethirajan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Neethirajan S. 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