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Intell."],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Segmentation of a complete set of teeth from three-dimensional (3D) intra-oral scanner images is a crucial step in tooth identification procedures. In large-scale disasters with many victims, teeth are often the preferred and reliable source for victim identification due to their hard and non-deformable characteristics. In this paper we present a study on the automatic segmentation of a complete set of teeth from intra-oral scanner images. We propose a tooth segmentation method based on an improved PointNet++ architecture. To address the problem of inadequate segmentation capability of the teeth-gingival boundary of PointNet++, we introduce a single-point preliminary feature extraction (SPFE) module to better preserve the subtle details that may be overlooked by the original PointNet++ model. In addition, a weighted-sum local feature aggregation (WSLFA) mechanism is proposed to replace the max pooling in PointNet++ to better perform feature aggregation. The experimental results on 52 testing datasets using the network trained on 160 annotated 3D intra-oral scanner images demonstrate that our improved PointNet++ method achieves a segmentation accuracy of 97.68%, and performs well under different dental conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s44267-023-00026-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T08:01:52Z","timestamp":1696924912000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["A full-set tooth segmentation model based on improved PointNet++"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Li","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinyi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiannan","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanfeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"26_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.2011.199","volume":"210","author":"J. 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