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Intell."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Image segmentation plays an important role in vision understanding. Recently, the emerging vision foundation models continuously achieved superior performance on various tasks. Following such success, in this paper, we prove that the Segment Anything Model 2 (SAM2) can be a strong encoder for U-shaped segmentation models. We propose a simple but effective framework, termed SAM2-UNet, for versatile image segmentation. Specifically, SAM2-UNet adopts the Hiera backbone of SAM2 as the encoder, while the decoder uses the classic U-shaped design. Additionally, adapters are inserted into the encoder to enable parameter-efficient fine-tuning. Preliminary experiments on various downstream tasks, such as camouflaged object detection, salient object detection, marine animal segmentation, mirror detection, and polyp segmentation, demonstrate that our SAM2-UNet can outperform existing specialized state-of-the-art methods with minimal additional complexity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s44267-025-00106-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T13:49:58Z","timestamp":1768312198000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":105,"title":["SAM2-UNet: segment anything 2 makes strong encoder for natural and medical image segmentation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Xiong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zihuang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuangyi","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenxue","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feilong","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guanbin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"106_CR1","first-page":"2694","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF international conference on computer vision","author":"H. 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Zhou (Ed.), Proceedings of the 30th international joint conference on artificial intelligence (pp. 1025\u20131031). Palo Alto: AAAI Press."},{"key":"106_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s44267-025-00082-1","volume":"3","author":"Y. Zhou","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhou, Y., Sun, G., Li, Y., Xie, G.-S., Benini, L., & Konukoglu, E. (2025). When SAM2 meets video camouflaged object segmentation: a comprehensive evaluation and adaptation. Visual Intelligence, 3, 10.","journal-title":"Visual Intelligence"},{"key":"106_CR7","first-page":"12321","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 34th AAAI conference on artificial intelligence","author":"J. Wei","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wei, J., Wang, S., & Huang, Q. (2020). F3net: fusion, feedback and focus for salient object detection. In Proceedings of the 34th AAAI conference on artificial intelligence (pp. 12321\u201312328). 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