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The UAV aerial imagery used in this research was collected from construction sites with proper authorization from site managers and relevant authorities. No personally identifiable information was captured or included in the dataset. The research does not involve human subjects, animal experiments, or sensitive personal data. All data collection and processing procedures comply with applicable regulations and ethical guidelines for remote sensing research.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics Statement","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"210"}}