{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T11:00:01Z","timestamp":1785236401130,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778630400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":76,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"A National Key R&D Program of China","award":["2021YFB1600205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFB1600205"]}]},{"name":"An Innovation Creative Centre project of Shaanxi Province","award":["S2022-ZC-GXYZ-0015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S2022-ZC-GXYZ-0015"]}]},{"name":"The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["300102384901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["300102384901"]}]},{"name":"A Provincial High Level Thousand-Talent Project, Shaanxi, China","award":["300201000156"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["300201000156"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. King Saud Univ. Comput. Inf. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s44443-026-00820-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T16:59:43Z","timestamp":1778691583000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Performance analysis of IRS-assisted terrestrial MIMO terahertz communications over atmospheric turbulence channels"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Hao","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingbo","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Biao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md. Sipon","family":"Miah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"820_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5849","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2020.3001125","volume":"68","author":"S Abeywickrama","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abeywickrama S, Zhang R, Wu Q et al (2020) Intelligent reflecting surface: Practical phase shift model and beamforming optimization. IEEE Trans Commun 68(9):5849\u20135863","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Commun"},{"issue":"18","key":"820_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfranklin.2022.06.038","volume":"359","author":"OS Badarneh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Badarneh OS, Mesleh R, Khattabi YM (2022) Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces-assisted terahertz communications. J Franklin Inst 359(18):11256\u201311272","journal-title":"J Franklin Inst"},{"issue":"2","key":"820_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2019.2959337","volume":"24","author":"AAA Boulogeorgos","year":"2019","unstructured":"Boulogeorgos AAA, Alexiou A (2019) Error analysis of mixed THz-RF wireless systems. IEEE Commun Lett 24(2):277\u2013281","journal-title":"IEEE Commun Lett"},{"key":"820_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88685","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2925815","volume":"7","author":"L Cang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cang L, Zhao HK, Zheng GX (2019) The impact of atmospheric turbulence on terahertz communication. IEEE Access 7:88685\u201388692","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"10","key":"820_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4445","DOI":"10.1109\/TIV.2023.3288161","volume":"8","author":"VK Chapala","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chapala VK, Zafaruddin SM (2023) Intelligent connectivity through RIS-assisted wireless communication: Exact performance analysis with phase errors and mobility. IEEE Trans Intell Veh 8(10):4445\u20134459","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Intell Veh"},{"issue":"1","key":"820_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2009.2030894","volume":"59","author":"M Di Renzo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Di Renzo M, Graziosi F, Santucci F (2009) Channel capacity over generalized fading channels: A novel MGF-based approach for performance analysis and design of wireless communication systems. IEEE Trans Veh Technol 59(1):127\u2013149","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Veh Technol"},{"issue":"1","key":"820_CR7","first-page":"162","volume":"19","author":"L Dordov\u00e1","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dordov\u00e1 L, Wilfert O (2010) Calculation and comparison of turbulence attenuation by different methods. Radioengineering 19(1):162\u2013167","journal-title":"Radioengineering"},{"issue":"5","key":"820_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3575","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2022.3162645","volume":"70","author":"H Du","year":"2022","unstructured":"Du H, Zhang J, Guan K et al (2022) Performance and optimization of reconfigurable intelligent surface aided THz communications. IEEE Trans Commun 70(5):3575\u20133593","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Commun"},{"issue":"9","key":"820_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11636","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2024.3384036","volume":"23","author":"W Gao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gao W, Han C, Chen Z (2024) Attenuation and loss of spatial coherence modeling for atmospheric turbulence in terahertz UAV MIMO channels. IEEE Trans Wireless Commun 23(9):11636\u201311648","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Wireless Commun"},{"key":"820_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gashtasbi A, Marques da Silva M, Dinis R (2024) An Assessment of Receiver Algorithms for Distributed Massive MIMO Systems: Investigating Design Solutions and Performance. Electronics 13(8):1560","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics13081560"},{"key":"820_CR11","unstructured":"Gradshteyn IS, Ryzhik IM (2007) Table of Integrals, Series, and Products. 7th ed. Academic Press"},{"key":"820_CR12","volume-title":"Table of Integrals, Series, and Products","author":"IS Gradshteyn","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gradshteyn IS, Ryzhik IM (2014) Table of Integrals, Series, and Products, 8th edn. Academic Press, Waltham, MA","edition":"8"},{"key":"820_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gunasinghe D, Kudathanthirige D, Baduge GAA (2020) Performance analysis of intelligent reflective surface aided wireless communications. arXiv preprint arXiv:2010.12544","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC40277.2020.9148760"},{"issue":"6","key":"820_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.110.2100664","volume":"36","author":"W Hao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hao W, Zhou F, Zeng M et al (2022) Ultra wideband THz IRS communications: Applications, challenges, key techniques, and research opportunities. IEEE Netw 36(6):214\u2013220","journal-title":"IEEE Netw"},{"issue":"7","key":"820_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2018.2795547","volume":"66","author":"S Hu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hu S, Rusek F, Edfors O (2018) Beyond massive MIMO: The potential of positioning with large intelligent surfaces. IEEE Trans Signal Process 66(7):1761\u20131774","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Signal Process"},{"key":"820_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Joshi AA, Bhardwaj P, Zafaruddin SM (2022) Terahertz wireless transmissions with maximal ratio combining over fluctuating two-ray fading. In: 2022 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC). IEEE, pp 1575\u20131580","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNC51071.2022.9771926"},{"issue":"5","key":"820_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.23919\/JCC.2021.05.003","volume":"18","author":"S Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu S, Yu X, Guo R et al (2021) THz channel modeling: Consolidating the road to THz communications. China Commun 18(5):33\u201349","journal-title":"China Commun"},{"key":"820_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mei Y, Ma Y, Ma J et al (2021) Eavesdropping risk evaluation on terahertz wireless channels in atmospheric turbulence. IEEE Access 9:101916\u2013101923","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3098016"},{"issue":"3","key":"820_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/JPHOT.2023.3275578","volume":"15","author":"M Miao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Miao M, Chen XY, Yin R, Yuan JT (2023) New results for the pointing errors model in two asymptotic cases[J]. IEEE Photonics J 15(3):1\u20137","journal-title":"IEEE Photonics J"},{"issue":"12","key":"820_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8138","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2022.3216344","volume":"70","author":"B Ning","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ning B, Wang P, Li L et al (2022) Multi-IRS-aided multi-user MIMO in mmWave\/THz communications: A space-orthogonal scheme. IEEE Trans Commun 70(12):8138\u20138152","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Commun"},{"issue":"13","key":"820_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22410","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.520328","volume":"32","author":"M Niu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Niu M, Ji R, Zhang P et al (2024) Error performance and capacity of subcarrier BPSK modulated THz wireless systems with pointing errors. Opt Express 32(13):22410\u201322428","journal-title":"Opt Express"},{"key":"820_CR22","unstructured":"Niu M, Ji R, Zhang Y (2026) Coherent terahertz wireless communication systems over $$\\alpha $$-$$\\mu $$ distributed turbulence channels. China Communications, in press"},{"issue":"2","key":"820_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1109\/TTHZ.2011.2182118","volume":"2","author":"T Schneider","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schneider T, Wiatrek A, Preu\u00dfler S et al (2012) Link budget analysis for terahertz fixed wireless links. IEEE Trans Terahertz Sci Technol 2(2):250\u2013256","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Terahertz Sci Technol"},{"issue":"6","key":"820_CR24","first-page":"943","volume":"14","author":"M Simbarashe","year":"2025","unstructured":"Simbarashe M, Juwawa C, Sinati G (2025) A review on RIS-assisted RoFSO systems over M\u00e1laga-M turbulence for smart city applications. Intern J Latest Technol Eng Manag Appl Sci 14(6):943\u2013953","journal-title":"Intern J Latest Technol Eng Manag Appl Sci"},{"key":"820_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nancom.2020.100282","volume":"23","author":"M Taherkhani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Taherkhani M, Kashani ZG, Sadeghzadeh RA (2020) On the performance of THz wireless LOS links through random turbulence channels. Nano Commun Networks 23:100282","journal-title":"Nano Commun Networks"},{"issue":"2","key":"820_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.001.2200403","volume":"62","author":"J Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang J, Wang C-X, Huang J et al (2022) 6G THz propagation channel characteristics and modeling: Recent developments and future challenges. IEEE Commun Mag 62(2):56\u201362","journal-title":"IEEE Commun Mag"},{"issue":"5","key":"820_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3313","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2021.3051897","volume":"69","author":"Q Wu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wu Q, Zhang S, Zheng B et al (2021) Intelligent reflecting surface-aided wireless communications: A tutorial. IEEE Trans Commun 69(5):3313\u20133351","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Commun"},{"issue":"7","key":"820_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14943","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.549288","volume":"33","author":"H Wu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wu H, Niu M, Wang B et al (2025) Performance analysis of $$\\alpha - \\mu $$ distributed MIMO wireless links using coherent terahertz technology. Opt Express 33(7):14943\u201314963","journal-title":"Opt Express"},{"issue":"1","key":"820_CR29","first-page":"6214342","volume":"2023","author":"Y Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang Y, Wang W, Wu Y et al (2023) Pathloss Modeling and Analysis for Intelligent Reflecting Surface Assisted Terahertz MIMO Wireless Systems[J]. Intern J RF Microw Comput Aided Eng 2023(1):6214342","journal-title":"Intern J RF Microw Comput Aided Eng"},{"issue":"10","key":"820_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200302","DOI":"10.1007\/s11432-021-3281-7","volume":"64","author":"G Yu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yu G, Chen X, Shao X et al (2021) Low-cost intelligent reflecting surface aided Terahertz multiuser massive MIMO: design and analysis. Sci China Inf Sci 64(10):200302","journal-title":"Sci China Inf Sci"}],"container-title":["Journal of King Saud University Computer and Information Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s44443-026-00820-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s44443-026-00820-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s44443-026-00820-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T10:12:50Z","timestamp":1785233570000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s44443-026-00820-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["820"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s44443-026-00820-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1319-1578","2213-1248"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1319-1578","type":"print"},{"value":"2213-1248","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing Interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"420"}}